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E. L. QUITMAN. 
tendency toward improvement in veterinary medicine and 
surgery, especially as regards the horse. This improvement is 
more notable in the literature of the eighteenth century. Vet¬ 
erinary anatomy was greatly advanced by the u Anatomy of an 
Horse” (1683) of Snape, farrier to Charles II, illustrated with 
copper plates, and by the still more complete and original work 
of Stubbs, “The Anatomy of the Horse” (1766). This latter 
work marked a new era in veterinary anatomy. 
The most important era in the history of modern veterinary 
science began with the establishment of veterinary schools. 
France took the initiative step. Bourgelat, through influence 
with Louis XV, induced the government to establish a veteri¬ 
nary school at Lyons in 1761. He directed it himself for a few 
years, when he realized that the great benefits from it justified 
an extension of its teachings to other parts of France. There¬ 
fore, at Alfort, near Paris, in 1766, he founded a second veteri¬ 
nary school, which soon became and remains to this day one of 
the finest and best veterinary schools in the world. 
Soon after the Alfort school was established, the National 
School for Austria was founded at Vienna by order of Maria 
Theresa, and this school, remodeled and reorganized by Joseph 
II, is now the largest in the country. Prussia quickly followed 
suit, and government schools were founded in almost every 
European country excepting Great Britain. In 1790 St. Bel, 
after studying at the Lyons school and teaching both at Alfort 
and Lyons, went to England and established u The Veterinary 
College of London,” which has been the parent of other veteri¬ 
nary schools in Great Britain. The first veterinary school in 
Scotland was founded by Professor Dick, a student of Coleman’s, 
and a man of great perseverance and ability. In 1844 the Royal 
College of Veterinary Surgeons (not the Royal Veterinary Col¬ 
lege) obtained its charter of incorporation, its purpose being to 
examine students taught in the veterinary schools and to bestow 
diplomas of membership on those who successfully passed the 
required examinations. 
The first college to be founded in the United States was the 
