SURRA IN THE PHILIPPINES. 
743 
“ SURRA ” IN THE PHILIPPINES. 
By Coleman Nockolds, ist [Class Vet., ist Cavalry, U. S. A., 
Batangas, P. I. 
Sun a is a disease apparently confined to tropical regions. 
As seen in the Philippines it has the characteristics of a per¬ 
nicious anaemia, the animal becomes debilitated, and although 
the appetite continues as good or even more ravenous than 
when in health, there occurs a progressive emaciation, with 
marked loss of stiength, accompanied with fever. That “ sur¬ 
ra” is caused by a haematozoa there is no room for doubt. 
The chief symptoms are loss of strength and flesh, fever of the 
intermittent type occurring during, paroxysms. Temperature 
during 104 to 105, between paroxysms normal or below, which 
are marked by great pain. It is during the paroxysms that the 
blood should be examined and the worms will be seen. In the 
case of a mule that came under my observation the worms were 
very apparent, with a £ objective during the height of the fever, 
whilst in the blood of two horses suffering from the same dis¬ 
ease 110 parasites were to be seen either during or between the 
paroxysms. The red blood cells are changed in shape and di¬ 
minished in number. The pulse is hard and bounding, and 
respirations quickened. 4 here is often a papular eruption upon 
the conjunctiva. Phe animal lies down most of the time and 
soon becomes a pitiable looking object,.because of the appearance 
of bed sores upon various parts of the body. The position 
taken whilst standing is in my opinion rather characteristic of 
the disease—the head lowered, the back arched, fore limbs par¬ 
tially flexed, as are also the stifle joints and all the fetlocks, tak¬ 
ing that attitude which is seen in “cocked ankle.” There is 
incontinence of urine, and while in the standing position urine 
dribbles from the animal constantly. The animal is anxious ; 
tears run down the face, and it neighs when the attendant ap¬ 
proaches. Even during the height of the paroxysm and when 
in great pain the patient is always ready to eat or drink. Con¬ 
trol of the limbs is apparently partially lost, as the animal usu- 
