SOME FURTHER REMARKS ON “ SURRA. ’ ’ 
901 
pected glanders ; others call it tropical fever and are satisfied. 
It may be of benefit, especially to those veterinarians contem¬ 
plating entering the army, to go over the symptoms again. As 
to the cause, as is well known, it is an infusorian called the 
Trypanosoma Evansi , named after G. Evans, M. D., an inspect¬ 
ing veterinary surgeon in the British service, who first noticed the 
parasite in the blood of infected horses in India during 1880; so 
it is not a new disease, although apparently new to many Ameri¬ 
can veterinarians who have not been able to obtain literature 
on the subject. It is a flagellated infusorian measuring from 
20 to 45 micrometers in length and 1 to 1-5 in breadth at its 
widest part; it has a long, slender and flexible tail and is very 
motile, going in and out amongst the blood cells, which they 
destroy with an eel-like movement. The first well marked sign 
of this disease is an increasing emaciation with loss of strength ; 
all the symptoms of a progressive anaemia are apparent in a few 
days; in the majority of cases there will be noticed swelling of 
the under part of the abdomen, sheath and legs, due to oedema ; 
and paroxysms, during which the animal lays down and struggles, 
and it will be found upon examination that the temperature 
has risen three or four degrees, averaging 39.4 to 40.5 C.; these 
last for from a few minutes when first attacked to several hours 
towards the later stages of the disease ; between paroxysms, inter¬ 
missions occur of comparative quietude, during which the tem¬ 
perature may be slightly elevated, normal or even below normal. 
One of the most noticeable manifestations is that the appetite 
is ravenous even during a paroxysm, no doubt because of the 
parasites assimilating most of the nutriment in the system re¬ 
quired for the maintenance of the vital forces. As the disease 
progresses the countenance assumes a timid, tired expression, 
while in the standing posture the back is arched and the head 
hangs low, when attempting to move the legs drag, there is 
knuckling of the fetlocks and the rump is low. Extreme pallor 
of the mucous membranes is a constant symptom, and petechiae 
is often present upon the conjunctiva and Schneiderian membrane. 
I have not noticed an urticarial eruption mentioned by some ob- 
