ANATOMO-PATHOLOGIC STUDY OF RINGBONE AND SPAVIN. 
997 
made may not be mathematically as accurate as you may be led 
to believe, they appear sufficiently conclusive to warrant the 
general deductions and to form a fair conception of the pathol¬ 
ogy- 
Chronic arthritis of the tarsus seems to be more amenable to 
treatment—ankylosis—with the actual cautery than the same 
lesion on the phalanges : The cautery can be brought in more 
direct contact with the seat of disease, the bones of the hock 
are porous and vascular, the articular surfaces are covered by a 
thin layer of articular cartilage and probably more readily exfo¬ 
liated, the bones are in almost immovable and in very close ap¬ 
position and have a paleontologic tendency to diminution from 
coossification and a disappearance of the individual bones of the 
anatomic foot. The last fact may be pertinent from a medico¬ 
legal point of view. I read an account of this kind in the Re¬ 
vue Veterinaire. The subject was a young mare. When the 
bones were cleaned several of the hock bones were neatly coos¬ 
sified, although at no time during life, as far as could be learned, 
was there any knowledge of lameness. I have seen such a co- 
ossification of the astragalus and the os calcis in the hock of a 
horse in spite of the gliding movement that exists between these 
two bones, and no deformity could be seen on the surface. I 
know nothing about the animal from which it was obtained. 
Under any circumstance, a lameness, even though temporary, 
may accompany such a condition, and we are at sea when we 
endeavor to locate it. 
In 1899 the meat from 25,640 horses was consumed for food 
in Austria. 
There are said to be 224,000,000 head of live stock of all 
kinds in this country. 
Our animal exports amount to $218,500,000, or one-third of 
the total exportation of the country. 
To Loosen a Glass Stopper. —Soak a corner of a glass 
cloth in boiling water, and then wrap it round the neck of the 
bottle. The heat will cause the neck to expand, and then the 
stopper may easily be removed. 
