EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
1021 
testines with each other, and with the abdominal walls, consid¬ 
erable of a sero-purulent exudate), which made impossible a 
regular minute autopsy. Chr. is of the belief with regard to 
the carefulness with which the slightest details were examined, 
to state the impossibility of the presence of a testicle, not even 
in a rudimental state. It is certain that there were no efforts 
made previously to this to castrate the horse, as on the one hand 
there was no marks visible of an attempted operation, and on 
the other hand Chr. was informed to that effect by the owner, 
wdio was in possession of the horse, since it came into the world. 
—(BerL Thierarzt. Woch.') 
ITALIAN REVIEW. 
By Prof. A. Liautard, M. D., V. M. 
The Anterior or Hyo-thyroid Pharyngotomy in Soli~ 
peds [A. Baldoni ].—The exploration of the pharyngeal cavity 
made through the mouth is exceedingly difficult, if not impossi¬ 
ble, and by it the diagnosis of pharyngeal lesions is rendered 
very doubtful in many instances. It is to remedy the difficulties 
presented by the soft palate, which as a curtain separates the 
pharynx from the buccal cavity, that the author has resorted to 
the anterior or hyo-thyroid pharyngotomy. The operation is 
performed on the median line, and consists in the incision of 
the tissues covering the subhyoid region, and in the space 
bounded by the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and the 
posterior part of the body of the hyoid bone. The animal is 
either kept standing or thrown down, with the head kept in 
extension by a Bernadot & Buttel apparatus. After careful dis¬ 
infection the skin is divided over the hyo-thvroid space, then 
the connective tissue underneath, the muscular layer formed by 
the subscapulo-hyoideus, and finally the hyo-thyroid ligament • 
when then by dividing or pushing aside the hyo-epiglotteus 
muscle and puncturing the laryngeal mucous membrane, the 
pharyngeal cavity is entered by the introduction of one finger— 
the soft palate in front, the epiglottis behind, and the mucous 
membrane of the pharynx above and on the sides. When the 
examination of the therapeutic indications are finished the 
wound can be left alone, cicatrization taking place in a very 
short time. Anterior pharyngotomy can be very useful in the 
diagnosis of morbid processes of the pharynx and surrounding 
