99 
Description and life history— The larvae, or slugs, as they are im- 
roperly called, are white at first, but soon become covered with an 
live slime, which gives them something of the appearance of the 
uked snail to which the name slug properly belongs. They are 
irther easily distinguished from any other larvae feeding upon the 
)af by the fact that they are much thicker in front than behind, 
ipering gradually posteriorly. They, have twenty very short legs’ 
ae first three pairs jointed, the remainder fleshy prominences, com- 
lonly known as prolegs. The head is of a dark chestnut color, 
mall, and usually concealed under the fore part of the body. They 
ve mostly on the upper side of the leaves of the trees, eating away 
11 the parenchyma, leaving only the veins and epidermis of the 
nder side. The slugs shed their skins five times, and after the last 
loult they lose their slimy covering and olive color, and are then 
ellow and free from mucus. From the 1st of July to the middle 
f August, having gained their growth, they leave the trees and bur- 
)w to the depth of one to four inches, forming an oval cavity in 
le earth, where the change to pupa occurs. From these cells they 
scape in the form of saw-flies from the middle of July to the last 
k August. The winged insect is about one-fifth of an inch in length, 
nd is of a glossy black color, excepting the first two pairs of legs, 
hich are a dirty yellow or clay color, with blackish thighs, and the 
ind legs, which are dull black with clay colored knees. The wings 
jte transparent, iridescent, with brownish veins, and with a smoky 
oud or band across the middle of the third pair. These saw-flies 
pay be found on the leaves of the trees in early morning, or in the 
pol of the evening, at which time they are sluggish, and not easily 
sturbed. Their eggs are laid singly within little semi-circular in- 
sions through the skin of the leaf. From these a second brood of 
ie slugs soon hatch, which get their growth and go into the 
t’ound again in September and October, remaining there until the 
(illowing spring, when most of them are changed to flies and leave 
teir winter quarters. Some of them, however, commonly remain 
i ichanged in the ground until the following year, so as to continue 
fete sypecies if any complete destruction should overtake the remainder 
the brood. These spring flies lay their eggs as already described, 
mally in June, the minute worms appeariug in about a fortnight 
,‘terwards. 
J Remedies .—Various substances have been suggested for the destruc- 
on of this pest, but unfortunately some of those most generally 
commended have really little effect. Among these remedies of 
oubtful efficiency I may mention fine sand, and dust and ashes. 
)me experiments made with these substances by Mr. Wm. Saunders, 
Ontario, Canada, are worth quoting entire: 
■f “As soon as the slugs were observed at work in the spring, they 
bre treated to a plentiful supply of dry sand, thrown up into the 
gher branches with a shovel, and shaken over the lower ones with 
! sieve, which stuck thickly to their slimy skins, completely cover- 
g them up. Thinking we must have mastered them by so free a 
e of this long trusted remedy, we took no further heed of them for 
me days, when, to our surprise, they were found as numerous as 
> er. The next step was to test this sand remedy accurately to see 
lat virtue there was in it. Several small branches of pear trees 
