23 
i of the hooks by means of which the injury is done, it was evident 
t the bulb-worm merely rakes and tears the tissues of the plant, 
L sucks the sap exuding. 
’he roots of the wheat were still measurably fresh, in many cases, 
le the upper part of the stool was entirely dead, and it is not 
jossible that some of these plants would have rallied by throwing 
suckers so that the field would still have yielded a partial crop, 
s was not, however, the opinion of the owner, and he had already 
tly plowed up the ground with the intention of sowing it to oats. 
n other fields of this neighborhood, the damage .varied from notli- 
to about twenty-five per cent.; and as nearly as could be gathered, 
ording to date of sowing. Where the injury was partial, it appeared 
spots and patches, not in any relation that could be detected to 
erences of soil or level. 
.’’he field worst infested had been sown to Hulse wheat during the 
fc week of August, and the first of September. The soil was a 
y loam, five years from the forest, the surface flat and without 
inage. In 1881, it had been sowed to clover and timothy, and 
ughed up in the following spring (1882), when it was planted to 
n, but failed of a stand. 
[’he owner of this field reported that the wheat had turned brown 
patches late in October, and that before winter the whole area 
s as brown as when we saw it. The injury was consequently 
le in autumn. He had also noticed the same trouble, two years 
iviously, in a field of wheat sown during the second week of Sep- 
rber, on black prairie soil, high and rolling. This grain did well 
oughout the winter, but began to fail in April, and was after- 
rds ploughed up and planted to corn. Worms precisely like 
>se found by us, occurred then in the field, at the base of the 
m, near the root. He also reported that they destroyed a field 
winter rye for a neighbor at the same time. 
n none of these fields examined was there any evidence what- 
er that any other insect had shared in the injury so clearly 
ible. On the contrary, it was certain that the Hessian fly, if 
3sent in the field at all, occurred in purely trivial numbers, as 
t a single specimen was seen during all the search for the wheat- 
lb worm made by myself and two others in this field. 
In other parts of the State visited subsequently, the wheat-bulb 
rm was found fr,om McLean county to extreme Southern Illinois, 
nerally it was impossible to determine the amount of damage 
eperly chargeable to this insect, since in Central Illinois the wheat 
Ids had been greatly injured by freezing, and farther south the 
jssian fly existed in extraordinary numbers. 
Respecting the injury done by the second brood near Cuba, Mr. 
S. Harris wrote me, under date of June 1, that in the fields 
sited by me in spring, which had not been plowed up, about 
e-third of the stalks were infested with the larvae of the second 
3od, sometimes two or three occurring in a stalk, so many heads 
ing blighted that the fields looked decidedly gray from a little 
