36 
of three, one of which had already emerged as an adult insect 
while two or three had completed their transformations m the straw 
and escaped when this was opened. All the adults were wingless 
and the pupae removed for examination were likewise destined t 
appear as wingless females. 
INJURIES TO GRAIN. 
Under this head, I can only add to the a qS onn t g'V® 1*7 Pj? 
French in the Eleventh Report from this office, the fact that th 
straw worm was found in 1883, everywhere prevalent through.* 
Southern Illinois along the line of the Central Railroad, froi 
Du Quoin southward. Its abundance was clearly dependent, to 
very considerable extent, upon the crop to which the ground ha 
been previously devoted, no injury being apparent unless wheat is 
been raised in the same field for at least one year preceding. 
Although the Hessian fly was extraordinarily destructive at Du Quo 1 
this year, a careful estimate was made of the relative abundance 
this insect and the wheat-straw worm, with the result that th. 
seemed to be about equally injurious. In some fields it was dete 
mined that, on a general average, half the straws were infested 
these latter larvae. They were usually so low m the straw as to 
left in the stubble, by far the greater number occurring between t 
root and the fourth internode above, the majority being just abo 
the third joint. Occasionally, however, one was seen above t 
fourth or fifth. Many of the stalks infested were of less than avt 
age length, and sometimes two or three specimens occurred m 
single stalk. • 
In order to make the present account of this insect practica 
complete, I quote from the Eleventh Report the remarks of li 
French upon the character of the injury: “The larvae were fou 
inside the culm or stalk, a few inches from the ground, very seldi 
in the straw between the head and the upper joint, more frequen 
in the straw below this upper joint, and in the next internode bele 
They were in the interior of the stalk, usually close to or a li 
above the joint or node, working in the soft tissue forming ! 
interior, the natural cavity serving in most cases to contain the 
but in some instances they gnaw a partial channel to one side 
this. Where the stalk is large they may sometimes be found ccj 
pletely imbedded in the tissue of the stalk, just outside the. hoi 
center, but in such instances they were always pretty close to oil 
the joint, where the stalk tissue is thickest. 
“Sometimes more than one worm would be found in the same ehj 
but in such cases they would be found in different parts of the;si 
internode or in different internodes, it being no uncommon thin I 
find two internodes infested. In no instance did 1 find as 
swollen by their presence, as in the case of stalks infested ^ 
joint-worms (Isosoma hovdci), there being no external mdicatioi 
the presence of the "worm other than a somewhat premature rij 
ing of the grain and less of it in the head. While the natj 
cavity in the internodes furnished them a retreat often large enol 
