the preceding segment are also black. The beak is long, reachii 
to the abdomen; the body measures 1.57 mm. by .7 mm.; and tt 
win" is 1.7 mm. long. The tip of the abdomen is hairy, the tail, 
minute, the cornicles wanting, being represented by a simple pore, 
the surface, measuring 0.13 mm. in diameter and having the appes 
ance of a black circlet within a dusky patch. 
LIFE HISTORY. 
Some remarkable discoveries have recently been made in tl 
country and in Europe with respect to the life history of the Schu 
neurse which produce galls upon the leaves of trees, but muc 1 e 
is known of those which frequent the roots of grasses. By Lie 
tenstein, some of the latter are believed to be intermediate stages 
forms which pass the rest of their lives upon other plants; l 
until his conclusions are supported by careful experiment, they cf 
not be accepted as established. 
Mv own observations of this species cover only the period fi 
June to October. On the lBtli of June, winged and wingl, 
females were found upon the roots of Setaria and Pamcum m ct 
fields, and specimens were noticed likewise upon the roots oi 
single hill of corn. On the 25th and 31st of July, the wingl 
female was seen upon the roots of sorghum at Champaign, an 
the 11th of August upon the roots of grass; and on the AM 
October again, the same form occurred upon sorghum roots. 
As this species was found everywhere'most carefully guarded * 
watched by ants, I have little doubt that its life history is at le 
extremely similar to that of its European ally, Schizoneura verm ■ 
: 
Pass. 
Early in July Lichtenstein found upon the roots of Setaria vir 
and S. verliciUata, in Europe, winged individuals of bcliizone 
venusta, a species with which our own S. pamcola is piobably 1 
tical. These being unable to penetrate the earth, remained stab 
ary until found by ants; which then bit off their wings, dug i« 
in the earth, and through these carried the now wingless lice to 
small rootlets of the grass, afterwards visiting them regularly 
their honey-dew. 
From these lice, another winged generation descended later 
which the ants gave a very different reception. Instead ot br 
off their wings, as if to hold them captive, the ants dug new ct 
nels to the surface to enable the lice of this generation to esc. 
and spread the species abroad. As the ant in question is ano^ 
species of the genus Lasius, to which our own nurse of the 1 
lice belongs, there is every probability that the association of tl 
Aphides and ants will be found to have in this country similar 
poses to those discovered in Europe. 
By Lubbock, Lasius flavus has been seen to collect the loot fc 
and the eggs of plant-lice in autumn, and to convey them tc 
own nest for hibernation, protecting them during the winter, 
scattering them abroad again in spring upon the plants which 
lice normally infest. 
