66 
C. To the Fruit, Ripe or Unripe. 
1 . The substance eaten away. j| 
a. By a small yellow ant. (No remedy needed.) 
b. By a brown caterpillar, striped with white, 3g. 
c. By a snout beetle. (No remedy known.) 
d. By a cylindrical, brown, thousand-legged worm, 3f. 
2 The berry shrunken and knotty, the seeds on the shriveled parts . 
well developed, with plump kernel, numerous greenish bugs 
occurring on the fruit, 3b, 4c. 
I). To the Crown and Main Root. 
1 . The interior bored out. 
a. By a small reddish caterpillar, with sixteen legs, lc. 
b. By a small, white, footless grub, with brown head, led, 
2 bc. 
2. The substance gnawed and perforated. 
a. By a hard, straight, slender, cylindrical larva (wire- 
worm.) . , .J 
b. By white grubs four or five times as long as wide, with 
abdomen at least twice as long as head and thorax, 
and with tip of body swollen, rounded, and smooth, 
lab, 3c. 
c. By small white grubs not more than one-fifth of an inch! 
in length, about twice as long as wide, with abdomen 
but little longer than head and thorax, and with tip of 
boclv not swollen or smooth, 4af, lede. 
E. To the Fibrous Roots. 
1 . By a hard, cylindrical, straight larva. (See above, D, 2a.) 
2. By a large white grub. (See D, 2b.) 
3. By a small white grub. (See D, 2c.) 
CLASSIFICATION OF REMEDIAL MEASURES. 
Preventive and remedial measures against insect attacks may be 
conveniently arranged under five general heads: 
1. Methods of culture, including the preparation of the soil. 
2. Barriers to progress. 
3. Capture and direct destruction. 
4. Topical applications. 
5. Protection, or artificial multiplication, of natural enemies. 
1. Under methods of culture we include all measures like rota 
tion of crops, selection of time of planting, and the like, which an 
intended to take advantage of the insect through some fact in itf 
structure, habits, or life history. 
