LITERATURE. 
This species was first described by Germar, in 1839, in the 
Zeitsehrift fur die Entomologie,” but it was not known as injuri- 
is to horticulture until nearly thirty years thereafter, when, in the 
Canadian Farmer” for August 1, 1867 (p. 32), it was reported by 
r. Bethune as an enemy of the strawberry. 
In this country it was first noticed by Prof. Biley, in the “Prairie 
armer” for August 15, 1868, as infesting the leaves of the new 
owth of grapes, and also as injurious to strawberries. 
In the Transactions of the State Horticultural Society of Illinois 
r 1868, Mr. T. A. E. Holcomb records the occurrence of this insect 
uo years previously in Southern Illinois, on the blossoms of Core- 
>sis, which it utterly ruined. He also mentions the dates of its 
rliest appearance on strawberries, raspberries, and other plants, 
id alludes to its injuries to the raspberry near Quincy in 1866. 
In 1869, Prof. Biley again refers to it in the “American Entomolo- 
3 t” (volume I, page 207) as a strawberry pest at Alton, and describes 
e method of its injury. He also speaks of it as injurious to the 
ince and the cherry in Southern Illinois, recommends its capture 
th an insect net, and suggests the use of cresylic soap. 
In 1870, it was reported by Hr. Le Baron, then State Entomologist 
Illinois, in an article published in the “Prairie Farmer” for 
ne 4, as particularly injurious to the young foliage of the pear in 
daski county. 
In his Second Missouri Beport, Prof. Biley describes it briefly 
d figures the adult, says that it has a great passion for the 
fit of the raspberry, reproduces a letter from a correspondent 
4pecting its injuries to the strawberry at Centralia, and enumer- 
3 S the other plants on which it is known to occur. Ho also 
commends propagating its wild food plants, Ceauothus americanus 
d Veronica peregrina, near the strawberry patch as a decoy, and 
an sprinkling them with cresylic soap. In 1873, in an exceed- 
,dy suggestive and practical article on the classification of in- 
ious insects according to the gravity of their injuries, Dr. Le Baron 
) ices this species among strawberry insects of the third or fourth 
tn the Beport of the Ontario Entomological Society for 1873, Mr. 
unders refers to the flea negro bug briefly, mentioning its injuries 
strawberries in Canada in 1867 and 1868; and, finally, in his 
wenth Missouri Beport (1875), Prof. Biley repeats the discussion 
it already given in his Second Beport. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Idult .—From any other strawberry insect this is very easily dis- 
| guished. Although it has a slight superficial resemblance to a 
lie, and is often mistaken for one at the first glance, it is a true 
h and is hence provided with a stiff, jointed beak. It is finely 
ictate, glossy black in color, except that the tibiae and tarsi are 
Transactions State Horticultural Society of Illinois, new series, Vol. VII, p. 92. 
