121 
atellum includes the black spots. Other individuals (probably fe- 
iles) are an almost uniform green above, except for the five dor- 
l black spots. 
LIFE HISTORY. 
I 
The life history of this species cannot yet be given in all its de¬ 
ls, but the essential facts are well enough known. The adults, 
th a very few pupae intermingled, pass the winter under rubbish 
d matted vegetation, in a variety of situations, no preference 
mg shown for one kind over another. They are consequently 
ind in the woods among the dead leaves, under boards, in grass, 
der the broad leaves of mullein, and in general wherever a suit- 
le shelter against the winter weather offers. 
With the earliest warm days of spring they venture forth, and 
llect upon whatever tender springing vegetation of tree or shrub 
ers them a supply of sap within the reach of their rather slender 
aks. On their food plants they lay their eggs; although the pre- 
j r ie time when they commence this operation has not yet been made 
t, nor indeed, has the egg itself ever been seen. The young soon 
pear, however, mingled with the adults as early as the latter part 
April and the first of May, (in Southern Illinois), and feed with 
lj 3 m side by side. By the middle of May, the older individuals 
ve matured, and then all stages may be found together upon the 
ine plants; but the winged forms scatter widely, and in June and 
ly are generally distributed wherever suitable food occurs. Young 
all stages and adults of both sexes have been found by us, dur- 
g this last summer, in every month from May to September in- 
tsive,—a fact which makes it difficult to say how many broods 
pear. It is certain that there are two, but whether more than 
it, it will probably be impossible to tell with certainty without 
iring specimens in confinement. By the middle of October, the 
! ung have about all transformed, and from that time forward few 
ft adults are to be seen. These frequent goldenrod, cabbage, turnip 
d other autumnal plants, and betake themselves in due season to 
fir winter quarters, as already related. 
t 
HABITS AND INJURIES TO VEGETATION. 
Both young and old of this species are quick to take alarm, the 
111 flying readily, and the young dropping to the ground for con- 
ilment. On cool mornings and evenings, however, when stiffened 
't exposure, they are easily approached. They are, at this time, 
rnlly concealed among the expanding leaves. 
In the Flower and Vegetable Garden. 
^s already reported in discussing the literature of this species, the 
ention of Mr. Harris was first drawn to it by reason of its injuries 
flowers and vegetables. Dahlias, marigolds, balsams and asters 
re mentioned by him as subject to its attacks, and he also found 
30 destructive to the foliage of the potato as seriously to diminish 
produce of the fields in his vicinity. It principally attacked the 
Is, terminal shoots, and most succulent growing parts of these 
—9 
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