147 
he following comparative description of the larva of the goldsmith 
le is quoted from Prof. Packard: 
arva. (Plate VII, Fig. 3.) “The larva is a whitish grub, about 
inch and three quarters long and over half an inch thick, with 
dlowish brown scale on the part corresponding to the thorax, 
o nearly resembles the young of the May beetle that it requires 
ose examination to tell them apart. The proportions of the two 
much the same; if anything, the Cotalpa is slightly shorter and 
ker, and its bo ly is covered with short stiff hair, especially at 
end, while in the May beetle the hairs are much finer, sparse, 
the skin is consequently shiny. They also differ in the head, 
eing fuller, more rounded in Cotalpa, the clypeus shorter and 
convex, while in the May beetle it is flattened. The upper lip 
rum) is in Cotalpa longer, more rounded in front and narrower 
he base, and full convex on the surface, while in the young May 
le it is flat. The antennae are larger and longer in the goldsmith 
le, the second joint a little over half as long as the third, while 
je May beetle grub it is nearly three-quarters as long; the third 
' is much longer than in the latter grub, while the fourth and 
are of the same relative length as in the May beetle, but much 
ver. The jaws (mandibles) are much alike in both, but not quite 
cute in the Cotalpa as in the other, nor are the inner teeth so 
ainent. The maxilla is much longer and with stouter spines, 
the palpi are longer and slenderer in the grub of Cotalpa than 
le other, though the joints have the same relative proportions in 
; the basal joint is nearly twice as long as in the May beetle. 
le under lip (labium) is throughout much longer, and the palpi, 
gh two-jointed in each, are much longer and slenderer in the grub 
otalpa than in that of the May beetle. 
le feet are much larger and more hairy in the Cotalpa. Both 
3 are about an inch and a half long, and a third (.35) of an 
thick at the widest part.” 
ie eggs are said by Dr. Lockwood of New Jersey to be one-tenth 
n inch in length, waxy-white, and semi-translucent, long ovoid 
!>rm, and perfectly symmetrical. 
ie life history of this species was unknown until determined by 
Lockwood in 1869. The following summarized account of it is 
ensed from his article published in the American Naturalist 
hac year (pages 186-192, and 441-442). The beetles, as already 
d, appear in May or June, pair in the latter month, and de- 
their eggs almost immediately. Those observed hatched in 
ty-seven days, but the ordinary period is probably about three 
s. The young larvae were one-third of an inch in length, by 
enth of an inch in thickness, dull white, with dull yellow 
is and legs, # and the contents of the extremity of the abdomen 
! ing dark through the transparent skin. They fed and flourished 
the roots of clover and grass. Their life history is apparently 
ical with that of the ordinary white grub, although its details 
ot be made out with certainty. The transformations observed 
completed in the earth in autumn, the beetles not emerging 
the ground, however, until the following May. 
ft! i 
