61 
pemed about half grown; but by October 10 the greater part 
1 were already in the ground, where most of them still con- 
Few pupse occurred at this time, most being in the short- 
irepupal stage. From the larvae bred in the laboratory, col- 
from wheat fields October 11 and kept in a room without 
il heat, three moths emerged November 8, three more Novem- 
and another between that date and the 28th. The remain- 
i still alive in the earth as pupae, at the present writing 
iber). 
pupae in the field were usually buried from one to two inches 
i the surface, erect or inclined, in smooth-walled earthen cells, 
few had only partly hidden themselves before the necessities 
dmorphosis overtook them. 
l the above data it is not easy to construct any consistent 
I tr of this species, the statement made by Riley in the Ento- 
[ it and Botanist for December 1870, seeming to conflict with 
ter observations reported. The larvae occurring that year in 
;d and the fore part of September” in Missouri, if they really 
■ :igin to a second brood, which “began to make their presence 
st towards the end of October,” must have produced the 
late in September and early in October,—that is at the very 
when the brood of larvie observed by us this fall were com- 
their growth and entering the ground for pupation, not to 
until spring. In fact, the statement above quoted seems in¬ 
fant with Riley’s own report of his observations for 1868, when 
• ’eceived October 10, entered the ground later in the month, 
re believed to hibernate as pupre, pupation in 1868 thus being 
ynchronous with the occurrence of growing larvae of a later 
n 1870. As Riley rests the above cited report for 1870 on 
pise data, but makes it only as a general statement, it is 
s not impossible that it involves an error of inference. More 
ly, however, it represents exceptional conditions. If we thus 
h it either as irreconcilable with observed facts, or as an un- 
| )ccurrence, we have left sell-consistent proof of three broods 
South and of at least two, and possibly three, as far to the 
is Central Illinois. The larvae of the first of these appears 
r and June, pupating in the latter month and in July, and 
the imago late in this month. A second brood of worms oc- 
the South in August, and a third late in September and 
a October. The last corresponds to the observations in Illi- 
is autumn, and probably hibernates as pupae, with scattering 
! of autumnal imagos, such as have occurred in our own 
g cages this year. 
CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF INJURIES TO VEGETATION. 
i ar back as 1845, this species was reported to attack corn, 
sane, and upland rice. 
I eorgia, in 1854, the grass worms devoured grass, young grain, 
j nost every green thing which came in their path. 
nances have been known,” says Mr. Glover, “in which, urged 
r were by necessity and starvation, they actually devoured 
of odder that were stored away for winter consumption. 
