concurred in and acted upon, the products should be despatched to the Institute, 
each sample being identified by a descriptive form, as follows :— 
FORM. 
Class, i.e., whether “ Index " or u Commercial " . 
Quantity .... 
Season and year of Collection .. 
Place of Collection . 
Port from which to be despatched .. 
As this skeleton form would generally correspond to the description in the 
catalogue, the work of arrangement and display would, in a measure, become automatic. 
This system may be illustrated as follows:— 
In the case of a plant, if it yields a gum, that would be first described. Next, its 
dye or tan would be discussed, then its fibre, its oil, its medicine, its food, its timber, 
its domestic or agricultural uses. 
The skeleton would thus represent the industrial classification, and each of these, 
heads could correspond with a division in the particular court of the Institute. 
The following extract from the “ Dictionary of Economic Products of India " 
will fully illustrate the method by which it is suggested that Colonial collections might 
be prepared :— 
A. melanoxylon, E. Brc 
The Australian Black-wood. 
References— Bentk., FI. Aust,, II., 415/ Mueller’S Select Extra-Tropical 
Plants , 6; Brandis, For FL, 180; Ganible's Man. Tinib., 155; Few Mu¬ 
seum Cat., p. 56. 
Habitat. —A large tree met with in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and 
South Australia; introduced on the Nilgiris since 1840 and now completely natura¬ 
lised. Also being grown in the hills of the Punjab, Kumaon, and Sikkim, 
Botanic Diagnosis. — Leaves seen only in young trees and then bipinnate, gene¬ 
rally abortive, and representative by phyllodia. Flowers in globose, compact heads, 
on short axillary raceaies. 
Properties and Use — 
Structure of the wood. — Hard and durable; heartwood dark brown, beautifully 
mottled, soft, shining, and even-grained. Weight 41 to 48 lbs. per cubic foot in 
Australia; 36 lbs. on the Nilgiris. 
It is used in Australia for cabinetwork, coach-building, railway carriages, and 
agricultural implements; on the Nilgiris chiefly for firewood. Regarded as one of the 
best Australian woods, being easily cut into veneers. 11 It takes a fine polish, and is 
considered as almost equal to Walnut.” (Mueller). 
258 
TIMBER 
259 
260 
A. integrifolia, Linn. 
The Jack-fruit Tree. (A name said by De Candolle, in 
L’Orig. Cult. PL, to be derived from a common 
Indian name jaca or tsjaka.) 
Vem.— A’ dnthdl, katol, Kathal, chakki, panasa, panas , HlND.; Fdnthdl , kathdl, 
Beng.; Fndthdl, Ass.; Kanthar, Santal ; Paros, Kol.; Panasa , Ukiya.; 
Phanas, Mar.. Bomb.; Pild, pildpazham, Tam.; Panasa-pandu, pansa, 
veru-panasa, Tel.; Halsu , heb-helsu , halsi>a , Kan.; Tcprong , Gakg; Pana¬ 
sa, Sans.; Peingnai, pienne, Burm.; Cos, Singh. 
Habitat. _A large tree, cultivated throughout India and Burma, except in the 
north supposed to be wild in the mountain forests of the Western Gh&ts, ascending to 
4006 feet. (Beddome; Wight.) Its dome of dark foliage with the stem burdened 
with monstfer fruits (often feet in length) is perhaps one of the most characteristic 
features of the Indian village surroundings. 
<< i t i s both cultivated and found wild tn the evergreen Sahyadri forests. (Bom¬ 
bay Gazetteer, Vat. XV., 62 ) “ It is also wild in the Eastern Ghats.” (Central Pro¬ 
vinces Gazetteer, p. 503 ) “ Grows freely on the Eastern GhAts, Rakhphalli taluka. 
(Central Provinces Gazetteer, p. 503.) 
CULTIVATION —“A pit is dug and filled with cowdung. and in this the jack seed . 
is inserted in June or July. The cost of cultivation is nil, whilst the profits vary from 
4 annas to R2 per tree, realised by the sale of the fruit.” (McCann’s Dyes and Tans 
of Bengal.) “ The value of a jack tree in Surat is about Ri.5 per annum. ' (Bombay 
Gazetteer II , 41J De Candolle thinks that the cultivation of this tree is “ probably 
not earlier than the Christian era. It was introduced into Jamaica by Admiral Rodney 
in 1782, It has also been introduced into Brazil, Mauritius, 8 cc. (L Orig. Cult. II., 
240.J1 
Botanic Diagnosis.—Glabrous or the young shoots with short stiff hairs, branch- 
lets with annular raised 'liKtes, the scars of the caducous stipules. Leaves coriaceous, 
smooth, shining above, rough beneath, elliptic or obovate obtuse, mid-nb prominent 
beneath with 7-8 lateral nerves on either side, 4-8 inches;. sttpuIes.lATge. with a broad 
amplexicanl base, caducous. Fruit large, hanging on short stalks oblong, fleshy, 
with a thick cylindrical receptacle ; rind muricated Seeds xeniform, oily. 
Gum —The bark yields a very dark-looking gum, with a resinous fracture,soluble 
in water. ’ (Atkinson’s Gums and Resins.) The juice is used as a valuable bird-lime 
and as a cement. * 
1489 
1490 
GUM. 
1 49 1 
