THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
Adult female. General coloiu’ of the upper-surface dark bronze-brown, including the 
top of the head, lores, nape, liind-neck, sides of neck, back, upper tail-coverts, 
scapulars, and upper wing-coverts ; outer webs of flight-feathers bronze-yellow, 
inner ones dark brown with pale margins ; tail-feathers also dark brown margined 
with bronze-yellow on the outer webs ; a slightly indicated pale line over the eye 
and along the sides of crown; tlu’oat and fore-neck pale brown slightly streaked 
with w hitish on the former, and inchning to rust-brown on the latter like the middle 
of the breast; sides of breast smoke-brown with pale tips to the feathers; sides of 
body, abdomen, tliighs and under tail-coverts pale smoke-brown inclining to 
whitish on the middle of the abdomen; axillaries and under wing-coverts greyish- 
buff ; under-surface of flight-quills dark brown with pale edges; lower aspect of 
tail dark brown. Eyes red, feet brownish-black, bill black. Collected on the 24th 
of March, 1912, at Mj’ponga, South Australia. 
Young female. Feathers of the lores blackish; top of the head, neck, back, rump and 
wing-coverts dull olive-brown, indistinctly streaked with blackish-brown; upper 
tail-coverts similar but wmshed with rufous ; tail-feathers dull smoke-brown with 
the basal portion of the outer web olive-green, the outer pair being uniform 
smoke-brown; two outermost primaries dull uniform smoke-brown, remainder of 
the primaries with the outer web olive-green; cliin and throat greyish-white, 
streaked with blackish-browm ; a broad crescentic band of blackish-brown encircling 
the throat and interrupted in the middle ; chest, breast, belly, sides and flanks 
soiled white, faintly streaked with dull obve-brown ; under aspect of primary-quills 
ash-grey. Figm’ed. Collected in Tasmania in May, 1886. (Top figure.) 
Immature male. General colour of the upper-surface soot-black, including the top of the 
head, sides of face, sides of neck, lund-neck, entire back, upper tail-coverts, scapulars, 
and upper wing-coverts ; flight-quills blackish-brown fringed with dull yellow on 
the outer webs and pale margins on the inner ones; tail-feathers also blackish 
fringed with bronze-yellow on the outer webs and tipped with w'hite on the inner 
webs ; cliin and throat dusky-brown with whitish shaft-lines, becoming whiter on 
the fore-neck; middle of breast and middle of abdomen whitish; sides of upper 
breast dull black with whitish tips to some of the feathers ; sides of body dark 
smoke-brown ; thighs dusky-browm ; under wing-coverts mouse-brown; under¬ 
surface of flight-quills dark brown with pale margins ; lower aspect of tail similar 
to its upper-surface. Eyes brown, feet and bill black. Collected on Kangaroo 
Island on the 4th of December, 1911. 
Immature tnale. General colour of the upper-surface including the top of the head, back, 
and wings, blackish slate-colour ; hinder part of head somew'hat browner than the 
back ; outer webs of flight-quiUs y^ellow ; tail-feathers blackish, fringed with yellow 
on the outer webs, and wliite at the tips of the inner webs ; hinder face and sides 
of neck like the back ; sides of breast black with white tips to the feathers ; throat 
dark brown streaked with white ; middle of breast almost unifonu white; middle 
of abdomen yellowish-wlrite, becoming lead-grey on the sides of the body; under 
tail-coverts dark brown fringed with whitish ; axillaries and under wing-coverts 
pale yellow ; under-surface of flight-quills dark brown with pale margins; lower 
aspect of tail similar to its upper-surface. Eyes reddish-brown, feet and bill black. 
Collected at Olinda, Victoria, on the 1st of February', 1909. 
Hggs. Three eggs usually form the clutch. A clutch of three eggs taken at Glenorchy, 
Tasmania, on the 11th of October, 1896, is of a beautiful pale flesh-tint ground¬ 
colour, becoming darker at the larger end; spotted and speckled with reddish- 
chestnut and scattered here and there are marldngs of a dull purplish tinge, and 
become more numerous at the larger end. Swollen ovals in shape. Surface of 
shell fine, smooth and glossy. 18-19 by 14 mm. 
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