THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
When I drew up my “ Reference List ” in 1912 I concluded that both 
sordidus and occidentalis were only subspecies of citreogularis and added two 
others, but used as the species name orientalis, which I wiU discuss below; 
thus 
Philemon orientalis orientalis (Latham). 
New South Wales. 
Of this I made Gould’s T. citreogularis a synonym: 
Philemon orientalis didimus Mathews. 
“ Differs from P. o. orientalis in its larger size and darker coloration. South 
Australia.” 
South Austraha, Victoria. 
Philemon orientalis johnstoni Mathews. 
“ Differs from P. o. orientalis in its smaller size and lighter coloration. 
Johnston River, North Queensland.” 
North Queensland. 
Philemon orientalis occidentalis Ramsay. 
North-west Austraha. 
Philemon orientalis sordidus Gould. 
Northern Territory. 
With the addition of the MelviUe Island form and usage of the genus 
name Microphilemon these were given in my 1913 “ List.” The Melville 
Island bird I had named 
Philemon orientalis hreda. 
“ Differs from P. o. sordidus in its darker coloration and larger biU.” 
The Check List Committee of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ 
Union drew my attention to the determhiation of Latham’s Buceros orientalis, 
suggesting it was not weU defined and therefore inacceptable. I will agree 
and drop that name, but here give Latham’s description for future reference 
as it undoubtedly is a description of a Fiiar-Bird, and I beheve of the 
Helmeted Friar-Bh’d probably got at Cooktown on Captain Cook’s trip, and 
may be the one mentioned by Latham mider the Knob-fronted Bee-eater. 
The description reads : “ New Holland H(ombill). Size less than the Jay. 
Bill convex, carinated, very gibbous at the base, and covered with a naked 
skin; nostrils small, pervious, placed one-third from the base, about which 
are several shozd bristles; region of the eyes naked, wuinkled, cinereous; 
colour of the plumage in general dusky on the upper-paids; shafts of the 
wings and tail dusky above, white beneath ; toes divided to their origin. 
Inhabits New Holland. The ends of the qmlls and tail had been clipped by 
a pah’ of scissors, therefore it could not be asceidained whether those paits 
differed from the rest of the plumage. Mr. Pennant.’’^ 
122 
