THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
and spotted with black or blackish-bromi, belly and abdomen white. Total length 
J 175 mm. ; cuLmen 12, wing 87, tail 62, tarsus 25. Figured. Collected on North 
Beach, Perth, West Austraha, on the 11th of May, 1907. 
Immature. Head blackish-brown, each feather bordered with whitish-buS; remainder 
of the upper-parts blackish-brown, shghtlj^ fringed with wliitish-buff; wing-coverts, 
scapulars, secondaries and primaries dark brownish-ash, widely bordered with 
whitish-brown ; outermost tail-feather white with a blackish margin on the outer 
web at the middle; remainder of the tail blackish-brown, shghtly fringed with 
pale bufif; a broad wliite eyebrow^; a line of blackish feathers down the sides of the 
throat; chin and throat wlrite ; chest whitish-buff, very heavily spotted with black; 
sides and flanks and upper belly with streaks and di’ops of blackish-brown; middle 
of the belly, abdomen and under tail-coverts w^hite. Eyes brown, feet and tarsi 
pale brown, bill brown, basal three-quarters of lower mandible wlrite ; corners 
of mouth yellow. Collected on Melville Island, Northern Territory, on the llth 
of August, 1912. 
Immature male. Head, neck, mantle, scapulars and tail greyish-brown, each feather 
margined with wliitish-buff, producing a streaked appearance; feathers of the 
mantle edged with buff ; primaries ash-grej', margined on the outer web with pale 
buff and fringed at the extremity with white ; irmennost secondaries dark brownish- 
oUve, widely marghied aU round with huffish-wlrite; outermost tail-feather white, 
with the basal pa.rt of the iimer web margined with ash-brown; penultimate pair 
of feathem wlrite, with the shafts and the whole of the inner web margined with 
ash-brown, remainder of the tail dark ash-brown, margined on the outer web with 
wliitish; cliin, throat and sides of the neck wlrite; a line of blackish feathers 
dowm tire sides of the neck ; remainder of under-surface white ; the feathers of the 
chest, sides of the body and flanks spotted and streaked with blackish-brown; 
under-surface of wings ash-grey. Collected at Laverton, West Australia, on the 
25th of December, 1895. 
Immature male. General colour of the upper-surface, including the top of the head, sides of 
face, sides of neck, entire back, wings and tail, black or blacldsh-brown with dull 
tawny margins to the feathers, edges of primary-quills iircliiring to wliite at the tips, 
the two outer tail-feathers on each side for the greater part wliite mth dark shafts ; 
throat cream-white with a dark line on each side; breast bright tawny with dark 
shaft-lines to the feathere; abdomen and flanks bufiy-white, becoming deeper in 
colour and incHiiing to pale tawuiy on the tlriglis, under tail-coverts, and under wing- 
coverts ; under-surface of flight-quills hair-browui; low'er aspect of tail similar to 
its upper-sm’face. Bill light horn, eyes dark brown, feet dull buff. Collected at 
Day Dawn, West Australia, on the 23rd of July, 1903. 
/ mmature male (with remains of down still adhering to some of the feathers on the crown of 
the head). General colour of the upper-surface, including the top of the head, sides 
of the neck, hind-neck, back, wings and tail, blackish with tawny margins to the 
feathers, the tawny margins being much broader on the wing-feathers; fliglit- 
quiUs hair-brown, slightly edged with wdiitish; the two outermost tail-feathers 
on each side cream-wliite with dark shafts ; sides of face blackish with pale ba^ 
to the feathers ; clroeks, chin, and throat cream-white, divided by a blackish 
moustacial streak, which extends on to the sides of the neck whore it forms a patch; 
breast, abdomen, sides of body, tliiglis, and imder tail-coverts cream-white with 
dark elongated centres and pale tawny margins to the feathers on the breast and 
sides of body; under wing-coverts cre"m-wlute; imder-surface of flight-quills 
similar to their upper-siudace but paler; lower aspect of tail similar to its upper- 
surface. Eyes grev, feet yellow, bill canary-brown. Collected at Auburn, Victoria, 
on the 10th of November, 1910. 
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