WHITE-WINGED CHOUGH. 
in flocks of about a dozen. Their notes are many of them not unmusical and 
when disturbed fly up unto the nearest trees. They are very restless and 
continue to utter loud cries while the intruder is near. I have met with 
them at Saddleworth, seventy miles north of Adelaide, near Ballarat in 
Victoria, and in the southern part of New South Wales at Adaminaby at 
3,000 feet.” 
Mr. F. E. Howe’s notes read: “ In all parts of Victoria this bird is very 
plentiful, and this district appears to be especially favoured with this useful 
form. They are local to an extraordinary degree and can always be met 
with in small families in the same spot for years. Sometimes a nest will be 
built and added to for a few years, and in other cases a new nest will be built 
every year, and, in the latter case, many old ones will be seen in the vicinity. 
AtRingsvood on Oct. 18th a bird was noticed sitting on her nest. It was raining 
heavily and the wings were spread out over the sides of the nest to keep the 
water out. A well-thrown stick flushed the parent and the young began to 
crj^ out. Nests have been found containing from four to seven eggs, but whether 
laid by one or more females has not been decided. One nest was found to contain 
young a few days old and eggs also that were heavily incubated. We have 
never noticed more than one nest being occupied in any given spot, though a 
lot of birds were seen in that locality. It is possible that some of them perhaps 
don’t reach maturity for a few years.” 
Hill has written : “ In considerable numbers in parts of the Otways. Seems 
to prefer the hilltops. In fact, it seems a general rule in the forest that the 
larger birds keep to the bills and the smaller ones to the scrub in the gullies. 
I have never seen the Chough nearer Geelong than Spring Creek, though I am 
told that it is plentiful in parts.” 
Captain S. A. VTiite has vmitten from the Gawler Ranges, South Australia 
[furthest westward record ?] : “ The curious Corcorax was only seen in the 
interesting belt of mallee at the south-west end of the ranges, where a small 
colony of six or eight birds came under notice. A nest of the usual mud type 
was found placed on a horizontal branch 50 or 60 feet from the ground, in a 
white gum (a few of these trees were found on the flats amongst the thick mallee). 
The nest contained three eggs ; incubation w^ell advanced ; date 7th September. 
The long-drawn, loud and mournful call of these birds sounds most weird amidst 
the silence of the bush. Their strange hopping movements w'^hen on the ground 
or passing from branch to branch, often with the wings partially extended, are 
very noticeable.” 
Campbell has noted : “ The socialistic Corcorax has the completed number 
(seven) to the set. On one nest kept under observation five eggs were 
deposited in three days.” 
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