ACTING STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
23 
for years : — Although in 18(56 these leaf-galls covered the leaves of the wild Frost Grape 
and of the cultivated Clinton near Rock Island, Illinois, and, so far as I could hear, 
throughout the State, yet in 1867 on the most diligent search not a single one was to he 
found, even on vines which had swarmed with them in the preceding year. 
Previous to what I published on the subject, authors had always supposed that this 
Gall-louse attacked indiscriminately all kinds of grape-vines. I was led to remark that 
it was not so, because I had discovered it to be a general, though by no means a uni¬ 
versal rule, both with Plant-lice (Aphis family) and with Bark lice (Coccus family,) that 
the same species of insect is confined to the same species ot plant. Even when a species, 
belonging to one of these two families of insects, inhabits promiscuously two or more 
species of plants, these plants will usually be found to belong to the same botanical 
Genus, and invariably to the same botanical Family. We shall meet with another illus¬ 
tration of the practical importance of attending to this law of nature, when we discuss 
the history and habits of the Apple-root Plant-louse in chapter 10. 
Mr. William Saunders, in an excellent article on the Mildew of the Grape, has asserted 
that the Delaware is a hybrid between the Northern Fox Grape and the Summer Grape 
(Vitis cestivalis.)* If a bug-man may venture to dispute the opinion of a plant-man, I 
should infer that as neither of the above two wild grapes are subject to these leaf-galls, 
so far as I know and as the Frost Grape notoriously is, the Delaware, which I have 
undescribed species, Carysefallax, Walsh MS., with a strong external resemblance to the Plant-louse 
Hickory-gall, Carysefolise, Fitch, but opening, not above, as is always the case with that gall, but 
invariably below. This last gall I found June 17th-29th, 1867, absolutely swarming on the leaves 
of a bush of the Shellbark Hickory. In none of these three Hickory-galls, though I have opened 
hundreds of each of them, have I ever yet met with the winged males; and in the Grape-leaf gall the 
males are equally scarce. 
Gall Caryje semen, new species, made by Dactylosphrera caryse-semen, new species. On the general 
surface of the leaflets of the Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra,) in prodigious abundance, a subglobular^ 
smooth, seed-like, hollow, sessile gall, 0.06-0.10 inch in its widest diameter, sub-hemispherical above, rather 
flatter below, with a nipple-like opening in the middle. Walls of the gall rather stout, fleshy and not 
woody. The external color is greenish-yellow above, and pale green below, with the open central nipple 
whitish. There are frequently as many as one hundred of these galls on a single leaflet. Inside may 
often be found as many as three or four mother bark-lice, similarly shaped, and of the same yellow 
color as those of the Vitifoliee gall, but, on the average, rather smaller, and accompanied m the 
same manner by eggs or very young larvae, or both. As with the mother bark-lice of the galls Vitifoliee, 
Fitch, Carysevense Fitch, and Carysefallax Walsh MS., the antennas of this mother bark-louse are three- 
jointed, joints one and two short and sub-equal, and joint three longer than one and two put together. 
The young larvae are about 0.01 inch long, and of the usual shape. Almost as soon as hatched — as is 
also the case with the larvae of all the allied galls — these larvae stray away to found new galls. The 
galls themselves are very abundant about July 24th, but by August 12th they were almost all empty 
and gaping open below. Out of twenty or twenty-five examined at this last date, all but one were empty, 
and that one contained only a single bark-louse egg. The gall-insect is infested by a Mite (Acarus 
family) and also by a Chalcis fly. 
This Bark-louse gall may be readily distinguished from the Plant-louse gall, Caryse globuli, Walsh, 
with which Dr. Shimer has unaccountably confounded it, not only by its being only one-third or one- 
fourth as wide across, but by opening below with a roundish, nipple-like hole, whereas the latter opens 
below with an elongated slit. (See Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI. p. 275) Moreover, the former almost 
always contains eggs, the latter never; because the Bark-louse is oviparous, and the Plant-louse, 
at all events, so long as as it remains in the gall, is invariably viviparous. 
* Mr. Saunders’ article may be found in the Monthly Report of the Agricultural Department, 186 1, 
p. 333. 
