Vol. LXIV. No. 2870. 
NEW YORK, JANUARY 28, 1905. 
SI PER YEAR. 
SPRAYERS AND SPRAYING. 
Experience of Practical Men. 
During the past few years many forms of power 
sprayers have been used. Much of the work done with 
them has been experimental, and no one seems willing 
to say that he has obtained the best possible outfit, com¬ 
bining economy of material and hand work with effective 
results in the field. Insects and fungus diseases have 
made this matter one of vital importance to farmers 
and fruit growers generally. We hope to picture from 
time to time several different powers which are employed 
in this wholesale spraying. The first of the series is 
shown on this page. It is used by J. B. Collamer & Sons, 
of Orleans Co., N. Y. The following statement is made 
concerning it: 
“Perhaps we have something that may interest you 
and your readers in the line of a complete spraying out¬ 
fit, differing from those yet illustrated. Last Spring 
we bought a gasoline engine, pump and agitator all com¬ 
plete, which rig we used 
40 days spraying. It will 
pump for 16 nozzles at ISO 
pounds pressure, but you 
may pump at any pressure 
you may desire, as there is 
a relief valve that lets the 
mixture go back into the 
tank, so you may have a 
uniform pressure all the 
time. This apparatus 
pumps water into the tank 
as well as out, and the 
tank holds 265 gallons. 
Two men can easily spray 
out six and seven tanks a 
day when using eight noz¬ 
zles of small passage. We 
also have a steam outfit 
which we thought was fine, 
but on comparison with 
the gasoline it was discov¬ 
ered the latter could do 
twice the work of the 
former, while it rec|uired 
less help, produced a uni¬ 
form pressure and made 
the work cleaner and more 
pleasant. The outfit com¬ 
plete cost about $265. The 
wagon has wheels six 
inches in width and the 
height of the rear wheels is 
60 inches, thus permitting 
traveling on soft ground. 
The top of the tank is level and occupies a space 6 x 10 
feet, thus giving ample standing room. We are unable 
to state what it costs to apply a gallon of the spray 
mixture, as so many things are included.” 
Success With Lime and Sulphur. 
I have found the salt, sulphur and lime wash to be 
very satisfactory. The scale appeared about three years 
ago in my peach and apple orchard, and I began to 
spray at once with salt, sulphur and lime. The or¬ 
chard is now six years old and contains about o;4 acres. 
Last year I picked 3,000 baskets of fine peaches from it 
that brought me $2,238. There is not a single tree in 
the orchard killed by the scale, and none is suffering 
from it. My formula and way of boiling is as follows: 
34 pounds stone lime, 34 pounds sulphur, 34 pounds 
salt, which makes 100 gallons of mixture. T use a gal¬ 
vanized feed cooker to boil it that holds 100 gallons. I 
start with about six pails of water in cooker; as soon 
as this begins to boil I add the lime; as soon as the 
lime begins to slake add the sulphur, running it through 
a fine sieve, which keeps it from going into lumps. Boil 
this for 45 minutes, then add the salt and boil for 
15 minutes more; then fill boiler with water and when 
contents are hot enough to spray well it is ready for 
use. Too much care cannot be taken to strain the 
mixture when it is put in the cask from which it is to 
be sprayed. I think most of the failures with this wash 
come from three things, viz., scanting it of material, not 
boiling it long enough, and putting it on in too much 
of a hurry, and in my opinion these are the most im¬ 
portant parts. C. A. BENNETT. 
Monmouth Co., N. J. 
Believe in Whale-Oil Soap. 
I have had experience in spraying for insect pests, 
but have never had San Jose scale on my premises, for 
the very good reason that I never accept a bill of nur¬ 
sery stock without first inspecting every tree or plant 
under glass. If 1 buy direct from nursery and pay in 
advance, I inspect and burn all specimens not satis¬ 
factory. T destroyed a lot of Wealthy trees last Spring 
which showed crown gall badly, the nurseryman taking 
no notice of my complaint. Four years ago scale ap¬ 
peared on peach, pear and apple trees in this town. I 
recommended whale-oil soap, three pounds to five 
gallons of water, to be applied in December, and again 
in March. This was done, covering every particle of 
bark. Two years later I desired some wood with scale 
on to exhibit at a Grange meeting, and the scaL was 
so completely destroyed that I had to send to a distant 
part of the State to get specimens. These trees were 
very badly infested by San Jose scale. The peach trees 
were cut and burned, also some of the pears. The 
remainder were trimmed and sprayed, and every tree 
was saved and is now in a healthy condition. Apple 
trees were about 12 years old. The wood which I sent 
for to get specimens of scale came from an orchard 
which had been sprayed with lime-sulphur wash, and 
was completely covered with scale. If the soap wash 
will control the scale every time as well as it did in 
this case, what is the use of all the trouble to make and 
apply the lime-sulphur-salt wash to our fruit trees? 
Worcester Co., Mass. s. r. walker. 
Lime and Sulphur in Michigan. 
I lie lime, sulphur and salt mixture is in common use 
in the Michigan fruit belt. The regular formula is lime 
25 pounds, sulphur 15 pounds, salt eight pounds. In 
case spraying is delayed until buds are somewhat ad¬ 
vanced, four pounds of copper sulphate is used in place 
of the salt. I his formula is varied somewhat by dif¬ 
ferent growers, some using more both of lime and salt. 
The sulphur is added to the slaking lime while hot, and 
the mixture boiled an hour, near the end of which time 
the salt is added. Strain carefully, two or three times 
if necessary, so it can be applied with a fine nozzle— 
preferably hot—care being taken to cover every part of 
the tree. In most cases the results are entirely satis¬ 
factory, some growers reporting the total destruction of 
the scale, and in all cases where the work is thoroughly 
done the pest can be held in check, so that no serious 
results are feared from its 
work. l. w. RUTH. 
Berrien Co., Mich. 
The Use of Crude Oil. 
1 he most positive results 
were made on pear trees 
with crude petroleum, 
using a kero-water pump. 
This pump was not at all 
times satisfactory, but the 
scale was killed to a very 
large extent. My experi¬ 
ence is that persistent use 
of the oil year after year 
would kill the trees. The 
pump was supposed to be 
set to throw 20 per cent of 
oil. The past season T 
have used the lime, sul¬ 
phur and salt wash, pro¬ 
portions according to the 
formula of the experiment 
stations, the sulphur being 
dissolved to a thin paste 
and poured into a barrel 
with the required amount 
of fresh-ground Ohio iime, 
then boiling water poured 
on that would produce vio¬ 
lent boiling by the slaking 
of the lime. When the 
boiling began to diminish 
there would be added the 
caustic soda, a little at a 
time to keep it cooking as long as possible, and it 
would always get the rich amber color that is desirable. 
This wash was sprayed on peaches, pears and plums with 
good results, but as I said, the effect was not as notice¬ 
able as with the crude oil. 1 shall use the lime, sulphur 
and salt the coming season on most of my trees, using 
crude oil on part of my apple orchard, and think it is 
important to have everything ready and take advan¬ 
tage of all favorable weather in the Spring, when the 
work can be done thoroughly. This I consider of great 
importance in fighting any of the insect pests—careful, 
thorough work. f. s. hall. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. 
Good Advice to Small Growers. 
My formula is as follows: 17 pounds flowers of 
sulphur, 34 pounds wood-burned lime, 13 pounds salt. 
1 think it is quite essential to have the lime wood- 
burned. as it gives off more heat than that burned with 
coal. I use three gallons boiling water to make the sul¬ 
phur paste, adding the sulphur as I stir, and stirring 
A GASOLINE SPRAYING OUTFIT USED TN WESTERN NEW YORK. Fig. 24. 
