THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 28, 
58 
DETAILS ABOUT THAT WAYNE 
COUNTY EVAPORTOR. 
On page 907 I notice an article on “A 
Wayne County, N. Y., Evaporator." Would 
you send me a short description of the modi- 
tied hop kiln and bleacher referred to in ihe 
article? o. u t. 
South Berwick, Nova Scotia. 
Could you get a description for publication 
of the interior arrangements of a fruit drying 
house, such as is referred to on page 007 ? 
That is, the arrangement of tlie trays in dry¬ 
ing room ; the account given is too indefinite. 
Seattle, Wash. J. F. c. 
The modification of a hop kiln for its 
adaptation as a fruit evaporator is simply 
in the floor on which the fruit is spread. 
For this use the floor is made of slats 
seven-eighths of an inch thick, sawed one 
inch wide on top and one-half inch wide 
on the bottom. The floor joists are placed 
3 6 inches apart, and the slats are one-fourth 
inch apart. The shape of the slats pre¬ 
vents the spaces between them becoming 
clogged with the small pieces of fruit. The 
sliced apples are spread on the bare slats, 
which are prepared for its reception by 
being wiped over lightly with a cloth 
dipped in melted tallow. It will be neces¬ 
sary to wash the slats from time to time, 
after which a fresh application of tallow 
is given, so that the fruit will not stick to 
the slats. The average kiln used in this 
vicinity is 16 x 16 feet, and on a kiln of 
this size from 60 to 80 bushels of sliced 
apples may be spread, which will make a 
layer of fruit from four to six inches deep. 
At any time when the slices next to the 
slats are dry enough to feel tough and 
leathery the fruit must be turned to pre¬ 
vent scorching and to facilitate the drying. 
There are two styles of bleachers in use; 
the horizontal and the vertical or eleva¬ 
tor bleacher, where the workroom is 
nearly on a level with the kiln floor, as 
many of them are when the kilns are lo¬ 
cated on a side hill. In the evaporator 
shown on page 907 the peeling room is on 
the ground floor, an elevator bleacher is 
employed, and the bleached apples are 
taken from the bleacher on the second 
floor, where the slicing is done. The prin¬ 
cipal difference in the two bleachers is 
that in former the crates of apples are 
conveyed on a series of rollers on either 
side of the trunk of the bleacher, which 
must be tight to prevent the escape of the 
sulphur fumes. The trunk is long enough 
to hold from 12 to 16 bushels of apples, 
which, of course, may be varied to suit 
circumstances. At the end of the bleacher 
where the crates enter is a pit in which is 
placed the cup containing the melted brim¬ 
stone, sufficiently deep so that the heat 
from the burning brimstone will not burn 
the crates. At the end of the bleacher 
where the crates are taken out is a stove¬ 
pipe connecting with the chimney of the 
kiln. This pipe is to carry off the smoke, 
so that it will not escape into the work¬ 
room, for here is where most of the 
bleachers are placed. The opening in the 
top of bleacher to receive the pipe is cut 
immediately above the back of the last 
crate and the front of the crate next to it. 
The object of this is to have the back 
draft through the last crates carry off the 
sulphur fumes, so that it will not annoy 
the man who does the slicing. 
In the elevator bleacher each crate rests 
on the one beneath it, and some mechan¬ 
ical power must be employed to lift them. 
The lift is only the height of one crate, 
and when lifted they are held by four 
spring ratchets, two on either side. With 
the elevator bleacher some lift with a 
lever, some with a windlass and tackle 
blocks, triple and double blocks being 
used, while others use the geared winch. 
The crates used in this bleacher are usual¬ 
ly about eight inches deep, 18 inches wide 
and long enough to hold a bushel. Tt will 
be readily seen that the shallower the crate 
the shorter the lift. Tf anyone entirely 
unfamiliar with the evaporating business 
desires to engage in it, it would be a good 
plan to get some young man from the 
evaporating district of New York to super¬ 
intend the construction of his plant, and 
the running of it for one season. There 
are many competent young men here who 
could be obtained for transportation and 
reasonable wages. 
If J. F. C, Seattle, Wash., is familiar 
with the construction of a hop kiln the 
above will answer his inquiry, with the 
possible exception of the heating appara¬ 
tus. The heat is supplied by a powerful 
furnace made expressly for this purpose; 
eight-inch and 10-inch pipe is used, and 
the piping is arranged according to the 
diagram, Fig. 29. The furnace room is 
usually 10 or 12 feet from floor to ceiling. 
The pipe is on an incline from the furnace 
to the chimney, but at no point should it 
be nearer than 2 p 2 feet from* the floor 
joists. Wooden kilns are lathed and plas¬ 
tered. Some are built of stone and some 
of concrete. j. o. wadswokth. 
CLEANING WINDFALL PEACHES. 
The picture oil page 54, Fig. 26, shows 
a fruit cleaning operation on J. II. Hale’s 
Connecticut farm. A number of Elberta 
peaches were blown off by a big wind¬ 
storm ; they were picked up and spread on 
canvas to dry, after which they were 
brushed. The picture was sent us by A. 
T. Henry, of Wisconsin, who has been 
studying orchard management in New 
England. _ 
BEST METAL FOR EVAPORATORS. 
II. P. M„ Albion, N. Y. —Will you settle 
the question for me of the relative merits of 
tin, copper and galvanized iron for maple 
sugar making outfit ; evaporator pan, sap 
buckets, storage tank? Some say galvanized 
iron should never he used. How deep should 
the evaporator pan be? Is four inches deep 
enough ? 
Tin is by all means the most desirable 
material to be used. It will withstand the 
solvent action of the sap better than either 
of the other materials. There is often a 
slight acidity in the sap, and in the case 
of galvanized iron the galvanizing will 
come off in spots, and the iron will darken 
the syrup. With regard to the depth of 
the pans, two inches would be deep enough 
as far as the depth of sap is concerned, be¬ 
cause evaporators never carry that depth 
in active operation, but a deeper wall 
would make the pan much stiffer and pre¬ 
vent warping. I have never seen an evap¬ 
orator as shallow as two inches. 
FRED. W. MORSE. 
New Hampshire Exp. Station. 
Galvanized iron should never be used 
for the boiling pans. The fierce heat to 
which they are subjected is liable to make 
the zinc give off some of its metal, and be¬ 
come incorporated in the syrup. Serious 
cases of poisoning have been known to re¬ 
sult from just this cause. If such pans 
become scorched a little the syrup would 
be a dangerous thing to use. There is 
but little objection to the use of galvan¬ 
ized iron for sap buckets and storage 
tanks, but there is also but little to rec¬ 
ommend it. All that can be said in its 
favor is the fact that it is less liable to 
rust, if made of good material, than other 
metals used for the same purpose. I 
would never use it for sap buckets, but its 
use for storage tanks is very common, and 
in no way very objectionable. Tin is the 
best metal for all uses in connection with 
maple sugar making. In comparison with 
galvanized iron, it is much more sensitive 
to heat, and is much more easily cleansed, 
and no danger arises from its use. Cop¬ 
per is about out of the question, as its high 
cost renders its use almost prohibitive. It 
is also undesirable for evaporator pans, 
as it is said to impart a red color to the 
syrup and sugar that is in itself objec¬ 
tionable. Evaporator pans should be at 
least six inches deep. They are some¬ 
times made deeper tnan that, as the sap 
is liable to bubble and foam over the top 
of the pans when a good hot fire is under 
them. A. R. PHILLIPS. 
Ohio. _ 
For the land's sake, use Bowker's Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— ^T3v. 
Alfalfa, Clover and Other Crops doubled 
by treating the seed, before sowing, with Nitro- 
Cnlture. Tn< xpensive. Get my free catalogue, 
it explains how. ARTHUR J. COLLINS, 
Moorestown, N. J. 
n a in c Imnrnvori *’ cco " | t'C , 'oi> potatoes ti>e iv«t skew 
nail 0 IlllfJI UlCU everywhere. 45 varieties of Strawberry 
plniita £oo<l as prow. Asparagus Koota, Seed Corn, etc. Descrip¬ 
tive Catalogue FKKE. .1. W. HALL, Marion Station, M<1. 
rnn CHI E—cmmson clover seed, $4,>o 
run OALC bushel; Cow Peas, $1.75 bushel; 
2nd growth Seed Potatoes, $3.00 to $3.50 barrel; Onion 
Sets, $2.3U bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, 
Milford, Delaware. 
QUALITY 
Apple Trees 
Plant Harrison stock and plant 
the best. York Imporlal, Ben 
Davis, Early Harvest, Baldwin, 
all varieties for all seasons. Give 
us your next order and compare 
trees with others 
The 
Ray Peach 
Choice new kind. Best for mar- 
ket. Fresh, delicious, with red 
blush. Full,regular bearing. El- 
borta, Chairs, Crawford Late, 
Francos and all other good vari¬ 
eties come to perfection in our 
climate. Send for free 1903 cata¬ 
log. You'll plant better trees. 
HARRISON'S NURSERIES. 
Box 29 Berlin. Md. 
TREES 
FOR FRUIT and SHADE.Flower¬ 
ing Shrubs, etc. Catalogue lor l'.H)5 
sent FREE. 
ESTABLISHED IN 184a 
EDWIN ALLEN & SON, New Brunswick.. N.J. 
SEND FOR our hand¬ 
some catalog of Trees. 
Shrubs,Roses, J/' ve i- *\<£ 
nV 
I greens, etc. We 
Ideal direct. 
I agents. O u r^TN> • 
prices are theXoSyhj, 
[lowest. f sr. 
m- 
Our Mr. M. 
J. Wragg la | 
nn expert lancl¬ 
ump© gardener, 
- —. and Ida aervlcea are | 
f available for our cua- 
tomers. M. J. Wragg I 
Nuraery Co., 300 Good | 
Block, Dm Molnca, Iowa. 
Tlio Wew Strawberry 
“ABINGTON” 
The largest and most productive perfect 
flowered berry for matted row on the 
market. Send for circular to the Intro¬ 
ducer and Grower, 
LESTER BLANCHARD, 
Abington, Mass. 
5,000,000 Strawberry Plants 
of all leading varieties, also new varieties. We guar¬ 
antee satisfaction and safe delivery. Illustrated 
Wholesale and Retail Catalogue free. Low price. 
Write to-day and save money. Address 
W. S. PERDUE & SONS, Box 115, Parsonsburg, Md. 
WE OFFER A FINE STOCK 
of the following trees and plants: 
The New Rush Hybrid Chinkapin? 
Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts? 
Papershell Pecans, Japan Chestnuts, 
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc. 
Send for free Catalogue. 
SUMMIT NURSE KIES, Monticello, Florida. 
DON’T BUY TREE8uulil 
■ y 0U see OUr 
1905 Catalog of 62 pages, describing in de¬ 
tail 528 varieties of Fruits, Ornamentals 
and Roses. It’s FREE. Write to-day to 
QUAKER HILL NURSERY 
R. F. D. No. 6. Newark, New York 
were awarded Two Grand Prizes, 
the highest possible honors, at the St. 
Louis Exposition. Our Catalogue, the 
One Hundred and Fourth Annual 
Edition, is by far the most complete, 
most reliable and most beautiful of 
American Garden Annuals. We are 
offering this year the great 
N0R0T0N BEAUTY POTATO 
The Most Valuable Ever Introduced. 
Full description and the opinions of 
many high authorities who have 
tested it will be found in our Cata¬ 
logue. which will he mailed FREE to 
all interested in gardening or farming. 
J. M. THORBURN & CO., 
SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS, 
30 Cortlandt St., New York. 
103 years in the business. 
S Garden. Field and Flower Seeds, 
Clovers and Timothy, Heard less Spri ng 
Harley, Hlne Grass, Orchard Grass, 
E Red Top, etc. We can also offer Feeding 
Corn,Hominy Feed nndOats in car lots track 
your station. Write for Field Seed Price 
S List, also 1905 Annual Seed Cat ilogue mailed 
free. 
THE HENRY PH1LLIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO. 
115-117 St. Clair Street. Toledo, Ohio. 
10c for Forty-page Booklet 
“EXPERIMENTS IN FARMING.” 
Something aliont alfalfa; strawberry growing : sorghum a 
stock food; directions lor laying cement, etc. Thirteenth thousand. 
Address WALDO F. DROWN, Box 8, Ox ford, O. 
CEND 
U “EX 
MAINE SEED POTATOES. 
Prices given on any quantity delivered in New 
York. Catalogue. CARTER & COREY, Presquo 
Isle, Aroostook Co., Maine. Over fifty varieties. 
SEEDS 
i—Now write plainly to me the names 
and full addresses of a number of 
persons who buy Garden Seeds, 
and I will carefully keep trace of them, and favor 
tbemwitn lowest wholesale prices for select, fresh 
tested. Northern-grown Seeds of all kinds, direct 
from best rultabio growers who won Gold Medals at 
St. Louis Exhibition, and I will send to you at end of 
season live (i>) percent, of the total amount of their 
purchases. Perhaps a very large amount, easily 
earned. Special terms for January. 
F. W. WILSON, Cleveland, Ohio 
Wholesale Grower and Importer 
THE SUFFOLK TOMATO 
The host shipping and selling tomato ever Introduced. 
Private stock four years’ test and selection, 25c. 
pkt. or$I 00 peroz., with special cultural directions. 
SUFFOLK FARMS, YVyandance, !.. I., N. V. 
Long Island Cabbage Seed 
American Cauliflower Seed 
And other special seed stocks. 
FRANCIS BRILL, Grower, 
Hempstead, L. I., New York. 
rTWO IMILLION-t 
Strawberry Plants 
Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬ 
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬ 
riety. No grower can produce anything better. 40 
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peach Trees, 
Klberta and other leaders. Positively no scale or 
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Wi ite to¬ 
day. it’s sure to save you money. 
■■M J.W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md._ 
A CUCUMBER 
Here s one worth talking about. We wish to Acquaint you with 
Ruwion’i New Hot Home for forcing in greenhouses and hot beds. 
Phis is a superb variety of forcingcucumber. Perfect in color, form and 
size. It pays to buy from the growers. Our valuable 1905catalogue of 
Aiiington Tested Seeds mailed FREE on request. Write for a copy* 
W. W. RAWSON <fc CO., Seedsmen and Market Gardeners 
and 13 Faneull Hall Square, Boston, Muss. 
DIBBLE’S NEW POTATOES 
Karly Manistee for early.Ionia Seedling for late; the heaviest yielding potatoes introduced in 20 years. 
New Eighty-Day Dent Corn, Mammoth Yellow Flint and Twentieth Century Oats, the York State variety that 
yielded 125 bu. per acre, and 50 other kinds of Farm Seeds fully described in our New Catalogue. FKKE. 
Address EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, lloneoye Falls, New York. 
TREES 
$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID. 
Apples, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach 
and Carolina Poplars. Healthy, 
true to name and Fumigated. All kindsof trees and plants at low wholes* le 
prices. Remember we HEAT all other reliable Nurseries in quality and 
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva, N. Y. 
We have a large surplus of AppiET TDCPC ever grown in this country 
some of the best varieties of 1 l\CCO and offered at right prices. 
Northern Spy, Valuable for top-working; Newtown Pippin, Gano, Fallawater, Baldwin, R. I. Green¬ 
ing and others. Low prices by the quantity. P aeh and other Fruit Trees thatwillplea.se. Send 
.or our Catalogue. BARNES BROTHERS NURSERY CO., Box 8, Yalesville, Conn. 
