1905. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
65 
SHEEP FOR EARLY LAMBS 
What breed of sheep will make most wool 
May 10, and largest and fattest lambs .Tune 
1 to 10? We have at present, and have had 
for the last three years, a Southdown ram 
and grade ewes. We have lambs to come 
the latter part of January and first of Feb¬ 
ruary; sell lambs June 1 to 10. June 10, 
1002, they averaged 00 pounds; June 4. 1003, 
88 % pounds, at. $0 per 100 pounds on the 
farm. The grade ewes made sis pounds of 
wool per sheep at 24 cents per pound at sta¬ 
tion. Are lambs and wool above or below 
average? 0. K- K. 
( nurchwood, Va. 
T presume the questioner understands 
that the greatest amount of wool, and the 
best lamb are not found in the same sheep. 
He is doing the wise thing evidently, in 
getting a good lamb first. In this he is 
above the average, as his lambs weigh 
well, and he is able to get a good price, 
indicating a good lot of sheep and well 
cared for. For lambs coming that early I 
should crowd the ewes well with grain, so 
they will give plenty of milk. Then as soon 
as the lambs will eat it, give them some 
cracked corn or meal, with a little wheat 
bran and linseed meal. Don’t let them 
have too much exercise, so as to run off 
their flesh, and they ought to be marketed 
in Washington, at from two to three 
months old, fat and weighing 40 to 45 
pounds, and bring from $0 to $10. This 
will certainly pay better than to keep them 
till June and sell for $4.50 to $5.50. After 
the lambs are gone, and the ewes dry up, 
there will be less drain on them, and they 
will, if well fed, make more wool than 
if they were making lambs. If buying I 
should get those weighing from 100 to 140 
pounds, closely built if possible, having 
some Down blood, with the Merino, which 
will give a good sheep. Then I should 
take a Shropshire rather than a South- 
down ram. They are larger, have better 
wool, and more of it. The Southdowns 
are not as well wooled and always have 
a tendency after the third year to lose 
much of that on the belly. 
EUVVAKD VAN ALSTYNE. 
QUESTIONS ABOUT CREAM PRO¬ 
DUCTION. 
I have at present a small dairy of grade 
Ayrshires; they are nearly all heifers and 
are good size and well bred. Would they not 
be all right for cream, or would it be advis¬ 
able to buy Jerseys? What machinery would 
be necessary besides a separator if the cream 
is bottled? About how much cream is taken 
from a 40-quart can of milk? Would it not 
be cheaper to buy the milk from nearby farm¬ 
ers at three cents per quart for the year and 
separate it, selling the cream for 50 cents 
per quart, than to be at the expense of pro¬ 
ducing the milk myself? I have a private 
customer in New York who will take 80 quarts 
of cream per day at price quoted above. 
XT. w. E. 
Produce What You Can. 
At the price named for cream you 
would no doubt have to make a heavy 
cream, and from milk produced under 
clean sanitary conditions. It will make 
no difference what breed of cows you 
have so far as the cream is concerned. 
You may have profitable Ayrshires; scales 
and Babcock test will tell the story. No 
one can tell how much cream will be taken 
from a 40-quart can of milk unless he 
knows the per cent of fat in the milk 
and the grade of cream demanded. If 
the milk carried four per cent fat, and the 
cream 40 per cent, you would get four 
quarts cream from a can, and for your 
80 quarts of cream you would require 20 
cans of milk, or nearly 1,700 pounds 
daily. Upon this basis a can of milk at 
five cents per quart would cost $1.20, 
and from it you would obtain four quarts 
cream, making a cost of 30 cents per quart, 
cost of separation to be added, and you 
would have the skim-milk for feeding to 
offset expense of separation and handling. 
If the case was mine, and the sale was 
permanent, and my figures apply to yom 
situation, I should produce what I could 
with means at hand, and buy the remain¬ 
der. You will need a separator and some 
means of cooling the cream. You cer¬ 
tainly have a good thing; hold to it. 
H. E. COOK. 
The Outfit Needed. 
If we could find a customer who would 
take 50 quarts of cream daily at 50 cents 
per quart we should have to quit answering 
questions for The R. N.-Y., as we should 
keep 35 to 40 cows, and have them aver¬ 
age to bring in for us $1 a day. We can 
buy all the cream we want at 10 to 13 
cents per quart the year around. Jer¬ 
seys and Guernseys are certainly* the 
best for cream, but your Ayrshires will 
work all right, and ought to give milk 
that will average 3.8 to four per cent fat. 
For machinery you would better get an 
aerator or cooler to use immediately after 
separating the milk, and a small bottling 
machine would be handy, although one 
could bottle 80 quarts daily without much 
labor. The amount of cream you can get 
from a 40-quart can of milk depends upon 
the milk and the grade of cream you wish 
to turn out. Cream as usually found on 
ihe market ranges from 20 to 30 per cent 
fat, and some make even higher grades, 
but these are usually diluted by the con¬ 
sumer before using. Our milk averages 
about five per cent fat, and we average to 
run one quart of cream from five quarts 
of milk; this make the cream average 
about 25 per cent fat. A four-per-cent 
milk would make only 20-per-cent cream 
on the same basis. If you have a cus¬ 
tomer who will pay 50 cents per quart for 
cream we should expect him to be particu¬ 
lar as to its grade, that is, quality and 
flavor, and if you make your own milk 
you can control this much better than 
when you buy your milk. The milk you 
would ordinarily buy would not average 
over three per cent fat; 40 quarts of three- 
per-cent milk would make four quarts of 
30-per-cent cream, and at 50 cents per 
quart this would leave you SO cents per 
can for skimming, labor, freight, etc. 
We should prefer to make our own milk, 
as we could turn out a better article and 
have all there is in it, and at 50 cents 
per quart there ought to be enough in it. 
H. G. MANCHESTER. 
Results of Experience. 
We have had over eight years’ experi¬ 
ence in selling cream, and consider it the 
most profitable way of disposing of the 
dairy produce. A good quality will bring 
the price you quoted, beside leaving milk 
sweet from separator, as a secondary 
profit. Some arrangement should be made 
for cooling cream, before bottling. We 
used the Cooley milk cans, with faucet 
at bottom, immersed in cold water. A 
bottle filler would save time, but is not 
a necessity, with small dairy; we filled 
from faucet in can, and pouring by hand 
also. It is best to use your name on 
bottles; is not more expensive after first 
cost of name-plate. Have bottles includ¬ 
ed in price for cream, if you wish to 
have them returned. The bottle cap, of 
heavy paper, which is discarded after one 
use, is preferable to the permanent metal 
ones, which soon rust. Hard wood boxes 
with racks for holding 24 pints, or 12 
quarts, lined with zinc, that ice may be 
used in Summer, is a good size for han¬ 
dling easily. Between six and seven 
quarts of cream should be taken from a 
40-quart can of milk, or one to six. Much 
depends on breed of cows. We use grade 
Guernseys. If you are able to control the 
care of cows, milking, separating, etc., 
it would be safer to produce your own 
milk than to buy, as “stable odors” will 
destroy quality of cream more than any 
one thing. a. v. 
Amsterdam, N. Y. 
WHAT BREED OF HENS? 
Taking the Barred Plymouth Rock fowls 
as a standard, which is the best all-round 
fowl for the farmer, Plymouth Rocks, Wyan- 
dottes, Indian (Tame, Rhode Island Reds, Leg¬ 
horns, White and Brown, Blue Andalusians? 
Which are the best layers, the best table fowl 
and the hardiest? Is there a breed that is 
better than those named above? 
Chitwood, Ore. m. L. d. 
It is very unsatisfactory to advise any¬ 
one what breed of poultry to keep, as so 
'much depends on the locality, markets 
and personal tastes. There are well-known 
a’tributes which each breed possesses, and 
if one stops to reason out what he is keep¬ 
ing hens for he can easily find out what 
breed will suit him. Thus if he wishes to 
make a specialty of fancy eggs, and get 
an extra price for his pains, then he wants 
one of the Mediterranean class, and the 
Leghorns are the hardiest and best known 
of these. If the poultryman’s tastes run to 
raising broilers or a table fowl then he 
needs some of the American breeds, and 
either the Plymouth Rocks or Wyandottes 
will satisfy him, as they are better layers 
than the Asiatics, and good table fowls as 
well. If he only wishes to keep a few 
hens for eggs on his own table, and eat 
the surplus, it does not matter what breed 
is adopted, so long as he takes good care, 
and occasionally introduces new blood. Do 
not cross the different breeds, and do not 
keep culls, or your pride and interest in 
your flock is soon gone, and they are neg¬ 
lected. There is a difference in strains of 
the same breed. We had once a flock of 
Barred Rocks which never paid their 
board, and we have known other flocks 
that were fine layers, the credit for which 
is due to some breeder who has bred his 
birds with a purpose in view, and not sim¬ 
ply haphazard, as too many do who think 
a hen is a hen. floyd q. white. 
Sali 
Separator S 
WHICH? 
Tubular or 
;Simple Bowl or 
Izzers or 
Right Now or 
Waist Low Can or 
Self Oiling or 
Wash 3 Minutes or 
All the Butter or 
Best Butter or 
Tubular or 
Bucket Bowl? 
Complicated? j 
Hasbeens? 
Were Once? 
Head High Can? 
Oil Yourself? 
Wash Thirty? 
Most All? 
Medium Butter? 
bucket Bowl? 
WHICH DO YOU WANT? 
Tubulars are dif¬ 
ferent, very dif¬ 
ferent. Just one 
iTubular — the 
[Sharpies. All 
the others make 
bucket bowls — 
can’t make Tubu-. 
lars because they' 
are patented. Ask 
for catalog B-153. 
Sharpies Co. P. M. Sharpies 
Chicago, Illinois West Chester, Pa. 
Want Power? 
Steam’s the dependable thing. Cheapest and made 
simple enough and safe 
enough for any user and 
any purpose by 
LEFFEL 
Steam Engines. 
Leffel stands always for 
highest efficiency—w e 11 
shown in its line of small 
powers adapted to farm 
uses. Quick steamers and 
equal to any duty. 
Many styles in up¬ 
rights and horizon¬ 
tals. Before you buy 
inquire into Leffel 
efficiency. Write for 
large ti ee .catalog. 
The James 
LeUel&Co., 
Box 146 
Springfield.O. 
SEND US 
A COW, 
Steer, Bull or Horse 
hide, Calf skin, Dog 
skin, or any other kind 
of hide or skin, and let 
us tan it with the liair 
on, soft, light, odorless 
and moth-proof, for robe, 
rug, coat or gloves. 
But first get our Catalogue, 
giving prices, and our shipping 
tags and instructions, so as to 
avoid mistakes. We also buy 
raw furs and ginseng. 
THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY, 
116 Mill Street, Rochester, N. Y. 
There are only two classes of Root Cut¬ 
ters. There is only one in the first 
class. That one is the 
BANNER Sr. 
It’s the one with the self feed-1 
ing, shaking grate—shakes 
outall dirt,gravel,etc. raves 
the knives and makes clean, I 
wholesome stock food. It lit-1 
erally makes ribbons of all I 
roots and vegetables. X’re-1 
vents all choking. Itcutsfastl 
and turns easy. Thousands in I 
fuse and not a single com- 
plaint. We make the Banner I 
in 7 sizes for hand and power. 
Our IlliiHtruted Catalogue 
tells the whole story. Ask for it. It’s Free. 
|0. E. THOMPSON & SONS, Ypsilanti, Mich.| 
Largest Root Cutter Makers in the Wor Id. 
£ “Corn Is King.*' Its wonderful possibilities practic 
ly developed in the newest and latest Silage work; 
CRE OF CORN 
I 
Its wonderful possibilities practical* 
| “MODERN SILAGE METHODS.” 
• An entirely new and practical work on Silos, their con- 
I struction and the process of filling, to which is added | 
! complete and reliable information regarding Silage and 
I its composition; feeding and a treatise on rations, 
being a Feeders* and Dairymens* Guide. 
I * I—Advantages of ihe Silo. IV—How to Make Silage, 
II—Building the Silo. V—Feeding Silage, 
j III—Silage Crops. VI —A Feeder’s Guide. 
| 212pages of plain, practical information for 
i practical mon. Contains just the things 
you have wanted to know and could not finciolflo- 
_ whero. Copyrighted 1903. Postpaid for 10 
cents, etampB or coin. 
.THESILVER MFG.CO., 
Salem, Ohio. 
:22 Cream 
Separator 
FOR $25.00 w e s e 11 the 
celebrated DUNDEE CREAM 
SEPARATOR, capacity, 200 
pounds per hour; 250 pounds ca¬ 
pacity per hour for $29.00: 
500 pounds capacity per nourfor 
$34.00. Guaranteed the 
equal ol Separators that RE¬ 
TAIL EVERYWHERE at from 
$75.00 to $1 25.00. 
OUR OFFER. "iTsS'l 
rator on our 30 days' free trial 
plan, with the binding under¬ 
standing and agreement if you 
do not find by comparison, 
testanduse that Itwillskim 
closer, skim colder milk, 
skim easier, run lighterand 
skim one-half more milk 
than any other Cream Sepa¬ 
rator made, you can return 
the Separator to us at our 
expense and we will imme¬ 
diately return any money 
you may havepaldforfrelght 
charges or otherwise. Cut 
this ad. out at once and mail 
to us, and you will receive 
by return mail, free, postpaid, our LATEST SPECIAL 
CREAM SEPARATOR CATALOGUE. You will get our 
big offer and onr free trial proposition and you will re¬ 
ceive the MOST ASTONISHINGLY LIBERAL CREAM 
SEPARATOR OFFER EVER HEARD OF. Address, 
SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO. 
Every Style Garden Tool 
needed by the home 
or market gar _ 
A special tool tor 
every purpose 
l " a « he »»' NEW UNIVERSAL 
Hand Seeders and Cultivators 
For every condition of truck growing from drill and hill seeding to 
1 astcultivatlnn. FREE BOOKLET of valuable information for plant¬ 
ing and cultivating the garden gives full descriptions. Write for it. 
Ame« Plow Co., 64 Market St., Boston, Mans. 
SILOS 
Best. Cheapest Also Horse Powers, Cut¬ 
ters, Hay Presses, Saw Machines, etc. 
HARDER MFC. CO., Coblesklll, N. Y. 
D A DklC of Plank; save Timber and Cash. Best, 
UHIH10 Cheapest.Strongest. 8,lll>0 in 44 states. Book 
for stamp. SHAVVVEK BitO rHtiKS.BeUefontaine.U 
Our latest pattern 
Pltlcss Seale. 
(Patents Pending.) 
You Can Save From $30 to $50 
... BY BUYING OUR. . . 
“KNODIG” 
No Pit to Dig. 8 inches Over AH. Steel Frame. 
This Scale !s complete when it leaves our factory, with 
the exception of floor planks. Write for tree catalogue. 
National Pitless Scale Co., Dept. Z. Kansas City, Mo. 
Do not bo deceived. It will cost you only a postage stamp to ascertain tl»e 
facts about the “Pitless” scale war waged against us by McDonald Bros. If 
you contemplate purchase of a scale you will be vastly repaid by writing ua. 
THE 
Great Western “S™. 
Smith 
When you load it you know its 
parts are equal to their duties. 
Acre Produces 
A Third More 
by a proper top dressing of 
manure. The Great Western 
does it evenly, thick or thin, 
as wanted, and equals 15 men with the fork. Spreads so you get the full manure value—none 
thrown in chunks or piles to waste. Handles manure in all conditions, and all kinds of fertil¬ 
izers. Endless Apron, Hood and Endgate, Non-Bunchable Rake, Light Draft, Ball and 
Socket Bearings, Strength and Durability, are exclusive Great Western features. Sold under 
strong guarantee. Stocks carried and shipments made from cities in your section. IV rite for 
catalogue, showing latest improvements- It tells how to apply manure to secure best results. 
Smith Manure Spreader Co., 13 S. Clinton St., Chicago, 111. 
