122 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 18, 
WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICUL¬ 
TURAL SOCIETY MEETS. 
Part II. 
One of the most interesting, if not the 
most practical of the addresses, was given 
by Dr. L. H. Bailey, Dean of the College of 
Agriculture, Cornell University, on “The 
Progress of Fifty Tears."* lie first traced 
the rise and progress of this Society, read 
the original call for the meeting issued in 
1855, signed by James Vick, Patrick Barry, 
and others. The first meeting was held Feb¬ 
ruary 27, 1855. J. J. Thomas was elected 
President. About 100 members were present, 
from 23 counties. Among the subjects dis¬ 
cussed at the first meeting were fire blight 
of pear trees, curcullo, grafting pear on 
quince. It was decided that it was now safe 
to venture into commercial fruit growing on 
a large scale, 10 acres being recommended 
as a maximum orchard. Since then have 
come up the questions of tillage: cover crop; 
tile drainage; handling Insects, and fungus 
diseases; the study of cross-pollenization of 
plants; the use of Paris-green and Bordeaux 
Mixture. All present commercial methods 
have come into vogue since then; the fruit 
express; cold storage; the foreign markets. 
Wine and cider were the only products 50 
years ago. We now have our great canneries 
and evaporators and grape Juice factories. 
We also have the mail trade in seeds and 
plants. Industrial education has come to 
the front. The Michigan Agricultural Col¬ 
lege was the only one established before 1855. 
All our experiment stations and institute 
work, and the placing of a Secretary of Agri¬ 
culture in the Cabinet, are plans of late 
years. In 1840 there were 12 horticultural 
societies in the United States. Now there 
are hundreds. Then there were just two 
books on horticultural science, now 500. lie 
referred to the educational work of the ex¬ 
periment station bulletins and the agricul¬ 
tural press. 
Dr. Jordan's talk had to do with the na¬ 
ture of the work which is being prosecuted at 
the experiment station, and its practical value 
to fruit growers. The subject of his talk 
was “The Experiment Station as a Horti¬ 
cultural Factor.” He said : “The grower of 
fruits and vegetables can feel sure that if 
the directions given by those in charge at the 
experimental station are followed success is 
sure to follow his efforts. The value of this 
confidence can hardly be estimated. Growing 
fruits has been reduced to a science, so that 
if a grower makes up his mind to grow them 
according to accepted plans, he cannot fail 
to have good crops. While the experiment 
station itself has not discovered all of the 
pests which are known to growers, It has 
pointed out the way for growers to defend 
therpselves successfully against these pests 
in a majority of instances, which is the most 
practical part, of the work.” In the matter of 
plant breeding and the discovery of new 
kinds of fruit, Dr. Jordan stated that the 
station does not do work of this kind simply 
for the purpose of discovering new kinds of 
fruit. “Commercialism can be relied upon 
to discover plenty of varieties of fruits to 
place on the market, and little attention is 
paid to this part of the work. Plant breed¬ 
ing is therefore done only for purposes of 
investigation, and only when it is required 
for some other purpose. What little work 
has been done in this line has proved suc¬ 
cessful.” 
Dr. L. L. Van Slyke, the chemist at the 
experiment station at Geneva, read a paper 
on the “Composition and Use of Whale-oil 
Soap in Relation to Spraying.” lie said: 
“Analysis of many samples of whale-oil soap 
showed it to be a very variable com¬ 
pound, the per cent of pure soap varying 
from 15 to 60. Some samples contained much 
free alkali, which would injure the foliage. 
The only way to be sure of (he purity of the 
product is to make it. The formula is : 23 
pounds fish oil, five pounds caustic soda to 
1% gallon of water. Dissolve caustic soua 
in water, add fish oil gradually while warm, 
and stir thoroughly. Made this way it will 
cost about three cents per pound, and will 
show a high percentage of soap, and a very 
low percentage of free alkali.” 
I’rof. Beach, of the Geneva Experiment Sta¬ 
tion, talked of “New York Apples.” He com¬ 
pared the present methods of apple-growing 
and our varieties with those of fifty years 
ago. The advance in varieties has not been 
as marked as have been our methods of cul¬ 
ture. Most of our standard sorts to-day were 
well known then. The Ben Davis, Wealthy, 
and McIntosh and some few others have been 
originated during the last half-century. 
There was a long and free discussion of var¬ 
ieties and their adaptation to different sec¬ 
tions of our State. From a commercial stand¬ 
point the three leading varieties for the whole 
State seemed to lie Baldwin, It. I. Greening 
and Spy. The King, Maiden Blush, Duchess, 
Alexander and Sutton had many friends. 
This was Prof. Beach’s last appearance before 
this Society before lie goes to take up his 
work at the Iowa Agricultural College. The 
Society expressed in a fitting manner the 
esteem which is felt for Prof. Beach, and the 
loss which comes to the State, the Experiment 
Station, and this Society by his removal to 
another State. The Society adopted a resolu¬ 
tion requesting Governor Higgins to reappoint 
Charles A. Wieting State Commissioner of 
Agriculture. Some of the members objected 
to this, on the ground that the Society should 
refrain from influencing political appoint¬ 
ments. A discussion of the proposal to raise 
the annual fee from .?1 to $2 was held. Some 
of the members of the Society expressed them¬ 
selves strongly in favor of the increase, and 
others favored it if it were thought that the 
increase would not deter many from becom¬ 
ing members. There was a long discussion, 
and between three or four of the members 
it became quite spirited. The general opin¬ 
ion was that raising the fee, while it would 
not affect those already members of the So¬ 
ciety and interested in it, would be a draw¬ 
back in getting new members. A rising vote 
showed that the members strongly favored 
keeping the fee at $1. Instead of raising the 
annual membership fee, it was proposed that 
tlie present members make a determined ef¬ 
fort to secure more. Many pledged them¬ 
selves to do this or to give an extra dollar, 
and a few new members were added to the 
roll immediately after the session closed. 
The membership at the close of the meeting 
this year, the secretary said, was 590, while 
it was only 512 last. year. It is probable that 
this number will be largely increased in the 
next month or two through the efforts of the 
members and the secretary. 
The display of spraying implements was 
very large. Nearly 20 gasoline engines were 
shown in operation, beside many horse-power 
and barrel pumps. The display of fruit was 
good, the State Experiment Station and Ell- 
wanger & Barry being the largest exhibitors. 
Ellwanger & Barry had their usual fine dis¬ 
play of pears, grapes and apples; forty va¬ 
rieties of pears; thirty-eight of grapes, and 
100 of apples. The Station showed ISO va¬ 
rieties of apples. The old officers and com¬ 
mittees were all re-elected. 
E. C. GILLETT. 
Air Supply for a Furnace. 
M. M. M., Brush-ton, N. Y.—In using a 
hot-air furnace is the proper place to take 
the cold air from outside the house, or from 
the living room? A firm is putting in hot¬ 
air furnaces here, and says the proper place 
to take the air is from the inside of the 
house. Would not the air be purer and bet¬ 
ter from the outside? I would like the opin¬ 
ion of the readers of The R. N.-Y. on the 
question. 
Ans. —Take the air from the outside. 
It will give a better draft, and is purer. 
One great advantage of a hot-air heater is 
that it gives a supply of pure air from out¬ 
side. The steam and hot water heaters 
keep the air “cooked.” 
Geared Windmill for General Work. 
J. H. R., Stuart's Draft, Va .—I want a 
windmill pump to pump water out of a 75- 
foot well, also want to saw wood and rip out 
plank, as I am going to build a large house, 
thinking it would help out the carpenters. 
After building I thought 1 could use the 
power for cutting feed. Can I get such a 
windmill? What is the probable cost? Lo¬ 
cation is on a hill, over 200 feet elevation. 
Ans. —In some locations where there is 
a strong and steady breeze large geared 
windmills are quite useful. They will 
pump, saw wood and grind feed, although 
of course their work is not steady. A bul¬ 
letin issued by the Wisconsin Experiment 
Station at Madison will interest you. 
While geared mills are still in use we 
think’ the gasoline engines are taking their 
place. We shall be glad to have experi¬ 
ence from readers. 
A Massachusetts Hay Farmer. —My farm 
of 100 acres is a good hay farm. I have one- 
third of it in grass or hay; cut 80 tons now. 
I am taking up a pasture, and when I get ii 
seeded down it will cut 100 tons or more, if 
fertilizers and chemicals will do what they 
represent. I have used a great quantity of 
cotton waste mixed with manure, so my land 
is in good condition to try chemicals and 
fertilizers. I used last year a formula that 
I got from the experiment station at Am¬ 
herst, Mass., which was muriate of potash, 
125 pounds; phosphate of slag, 400 pounds ; 
nitrate of soda, from 200 to 300 pounds. I 
used about 500 pounds per acre last year with 
good results. Then I bought a mixed fer¬ 
tilizer and used the same per acre with good 
results. I shall do the same thing another 
Spring. I do not expect to compete with Mr. 
Clark. h. s. n. 
Fitchburg, Mass. 
HOYTS NURSERIES 
have a reputation for First-Class Stock 
and Fair Dealing extending over half a 
century and maintained by three genera¬ 
tions. We have more than 500 acres—the 
largest nursery in New England. A full 
assortment of Fruit Trees, Shade Trees, 
Plants, Vines and Ornamentals. 
No order too large or none too small to receive 
personal attention. Write us about your needs 
for spring planting—Advice in selections and 
Catalogue—Free. 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., 
New Canaan, Conn. 
ter Apples, over 
wants and get prices. 
The Apple 
is the mainstay in fruit, for all 
raisers. Plant for the future. 
Get right stock. Our trees 
unapproached ; Ben Davis, 
Gano. Baldwin, Wine Sap, 
etc. Summer, Fall and Win- 
100 varieties. Tell us your 
The Peach. 
beautiful golden yellow, delicious. 
Best for market, most prolific. All 
the choice varieties. We propagate in 
the greatest peach climate of the 
world. Trees always pleace. Ask for 
free 10 06 catalogue of all fruits. 
Harrison’s Nurseries, 
Bo* 29, Berlin, Md. 
We urge that great favor¬ 
ite, Elberta. Large, 
WSTMICHIGAN T/tFF.S 
GRAPES mil CURRANTS 
The fruiting is for many years. Get the best varieties. 
Let me suggest McKinley Crapes and Red Cross Cur¬ 
rants. They are uniform heavy bearers of choicest fruits. 
I furnish plants of my own growing, superb stock. Also 
all the other leadiag varieties. Strawberries, Raspberries, Black¬ 
berries sod the finest collection of field grown, 2 year old Roses ever 
offered. Send for my new catalog. 
Allen L. Wood, Wholesale Grower, Rochester, N.Y, 
WE OFFER A FINE STOCK 
of the following trees and plants: 
The New Rush Hybrid Chinkapin. 
Paragon, Ridgley and Japan Chestnuts, 
) ’apershell Peca ns, Japan Chestnuts, 
Grapevines, Roses, etc , etc. 
Send for free Catalogue. 
SUMMIT NURSERIES, Monticello, Florida. 
R 
UPRIGHT AND CLIMBING 
i tn great variety. Full line of 
l trees, flowers, fruits described 
in our new catalog. Write for a 
copy,then send us an order — 
you’ll like what you buv of us. 
GROVER NURSERY CO., 
71 Trust Bldg , Rochester.H.T. 
CARDEN 
PORCH 
TRELLIS 
Have Hundreds of Car Loads 
of Fruit and Ornamental 
Trees, Shrubs, Boses, Plants, 
Bulbs, Seeds, choicest new 
' and old. Mall size postpaid, 
safe arrival and satisfaction 
1 guaranteed, larger by ex¬ 
press or freight. The best are 
cheapest. Try us. Elegant 
168-page catalogue free. Send 
for It and see what values we 
give for your money. 51 years, 
44 greenhouses, 1,000 acres. 
TUE STORRS & HARRISON CO., 
BOX 225, PAINESVILLE. OUIO. 
Mention 
this 
paper 
EVERGREENS 
.forest trees, nursery grown and hardy 
everywhere. All sizes for all purposes, 
at lowest prices. 50 bargain lots, all 
first class, prepaid, |1 to 810 per 100. 
Catalogue and bargain sheet free. 
0. Hill, Evergreen Specialist, Dundee, III. 
TREES 
SHRUBS 
ROSES 
The largest and most com¬ 
plete collections in America, 
including all desirable nov¬ 
elties. Illustrated descrip¬ 
tive catalogue free. Gold 
Medal —Paris, Pan-American, 
St. Louis. 102 prizes New'York 
State Fair, 1904. 
ELLWANGER & BARRY 
Mount Hope Nurserie*, 
Drawer 1044- I, Rochester, N.Y. 
Established 1840. 
are **l»rccl for bearing.’* That’s why wc 
cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing 
trees. It also imsiires stock true to name and 
variety. Over three million trees—913 acres. 
All new and standard varieties of Apple, 
Peach, Pear, Plum, Quince, etc. Also orna¬ 
mental trees and shrubs. Mo sell dlrrft at 
whoIcBRle prices. Illustrated catalogue free. 
WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES, 
Box 54, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
FRUIT TREES. 
A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality 
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees, 
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty 
of dealing Direct with the Farmers. 
Write for Price List. 
CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry* O 
THE GREAT HERBERT RASPBERRY 
Originated at Ottawa, Can., now on the market for 
the first time. Tested for 14 years, has proved the 
hardiest, most productive, and best all-round berry 
inexistence. The notes for 19U4 from Central Kx 
peri mental Farm, Ottawa, are; “Very strong grower, 
good crop, fruit large to very large, bright to deep 
red. moderately firm, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, good 
flavor, good to very good quality; promising from 
all points of view. Should be quite firm enough for 
shipment. Yield from 12 plants,6U baskets of fruit.” 
For further information, writ*, 
W. J. KERR, Nurseryman, 
Kenfrew, Ontario, Can. 
GRAPE VINES 
CnrranU, Gooseberries, Black¬ 
berries, Raspberries, Straw¬ 
berries. Price List FREE. 
Send 2o stamp for illustrated descriptive catalog. 
T, S, HUBBARD CO. Fredonia, N. Y. 
:, Peach Trees and 
Strawberry Plants. 
We have them by the 100,000, to¬ 
gether with general lino of nur¬ 
sery stock. Prices low; quality 
best. Write for new 1905 Catalog. 
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, 
Chattanooga. Tennessee. 
rTWO IH8LLIORH 
Strawberry Plants 
Free from disease and in the most thrifty grow¬ 
ing condition. Guaranteed true to name and va¬ 
riety. No grower can produce anything better. 40 
different kinds. Also a few thousand Peach Trees, 
Elberta and other leaders. Positively no scale or 
other disease. 20 page catalogue free. Write to¬ 
day. It’s sure to save you money. 
J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, Md. 
PEACH TREES 
A full line of varie¬ 
ties, new and old 
A 1* V U K T K K E S , 
Summer, Autumn and Winter Varieties. 
QUINCE TREES nr* scarce,' 
but we have them. Get our FREE descriptive Cata¬ 
logue. JOS. H. BLACK SON & CO., Hightstown. N. J. 
80 VARIETIES 
best NEW and 
Standard Straw'by. 
ltas’by, Grape and 
Blk’by plants. Vigorous, Heavy Rooted, ami 
True to Name. High quality and Low Prices. 
Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. Price List FREE. 
A. U. WESTON & CO. 
K.F. 1). No. 8 Bridgman, Mich. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
1.000 a nfl lin. t.nlncr 
50 varieties 
at #1 per 
1,000 and up. Catalog Free. 
R. E. ALLEN, Paw Paw, Midi. 
1,000,000 CLIMAX 
and other varieties of Strawberry Plants, true to 
for price list and description. 
JOHN W. GREEN, Bridgeville, Del. 
JK FRUIT BOOK 
shows in NATURAL COLORS and 
accurately describes 216 varieties of 
fruit. Send forour liberal terms of distri- 
’ bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
Strawberry Plants 
We have been growing and selling plants in this 
town 33 years, and are now offering 92 varieties 
which are describ'‘d in our 1905 catalogue. Our 
plants were never finer. You will also get other in¬ 
formation that is not obtainable elsewhere—a dis¬ 
cussion of “The Pedigree Question” by 20 
experienced growers, pro and con. ~Send postal for it. 
M CRAWFORD CO., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio 
25,000 LOGANBERRIES ing fruit; entirely new 
and novel. Fine catalog. W. N. Scarlf, New Carlisle, tt 
DOUBLE THE STRAWBERRY CROP 
No extra expense for new plants or fertilizer. Full story in catalog—lifetime experi¬ 
ence of largest fruit-grower in America. To old friends and new wanting Berries, 
Peaches, Plums, Asparagus, Rhubarb, etc., it’s free. J. H. HALE, SO. GLASTONBURY, CONN. 
TREES 
$5 PER 100. FREIGHT PAID. and Carolina Poplars. Healthy, 
true to name and F uinigated. All kindsof trees and plants at low wholesale 
prices. Remember we BEAT all other reliable Nurseries in Quality and 
price. Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva. N. Y. 
BARTLETT—SECKEL—BOSC- 
Bred from selected bear- 
_ _ _ lng parents. The three 
greatest, high quality business pears. Why risk time and money on doubtful varieties? There are no 
better pears than these, Our Tree Breeder (Free) will tell you about the safest and the best trees, and 
recommends safe kinds only. We offer you SAFETY', and “ You can rest vour minds at ease, in planting 
the ROGERS TREES.” 
The Tree Breeder. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE. N. Y. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW Best Standard Varieties 
Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants. Asparagus Roots and Seed 
Potatoes In assortment. All stock warranted high grade and true to name. Forty-page Cata- 
ogue with cultural instructions, Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich. 
TREES AND PLANTS 
Our FREE CATALOGUE wl.l save yot 
Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties. 
Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries. 
you money. MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del. 
DO YOUR FRUIT TREES BEAR TRUE TO NAME? 
A problem confronting Fruit Growers and Farmers throughout the Country, and a serious one 
to solve. I have studied the question many years and cau give you valuable information. Send for 
my FREE Catalogue. Fifty Fruit Trees FREE with early orders. 
MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. 
