1005. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
123 
CHEAP PROTECTION FROM FROST. 
One day during the severe Winter of 
1903-4, a farmer happened to be in a tin- 
shop, and noticed that the solder was kept 
in a molten state with a charcoal fire. His 
potato cellar was threatened with frost, 
and it was not convenient to set up a 
stove in it. He took home five bushels 
of charcoal, and placing a shovelful of 
live coals in an old iron pot, he filled 
it with charcoal. In a short time the 
kettle was intensely alive with coals, and 
the iron was red hot. What a heat came 
from it, and no smoke! Frost had to 
stand back when confronted with a red¬ 
faced, hot-breathed tiling like that. Each 
bushel of charcoal thus used saved many 
times its bulk of potatoes. I have seen 
open fires of dry pine kindled on a cellar 
bottom, but the soot-laden smoke will 
penetrate nearly every part of the house. 
Steuben Co., N. Y. claric m. drake. 
R. N.-Y. —Work on a great building in 
this city was held up recently by the cold 
and snow. A storm covered all the frame¬ 
work and walls with snow. A large 
number of air pipes or hose were fitted and 
warm air was blown through them at high 
pressure. In this way workmen cleared 
the walls by blowing the snow into the 
cellar. There great fires were built which 
melted the snow and the water was 
pumped out to run away through the sew¬ 
ers. When the walls were cleared it was 
still too cold to lay bricks. Screens were 
provided for workmen, and each man was 
given a small charcoal stove which kept 
his mortar warm and enabled him to keep 
at work through the cold weather. 
CO-OPERATIVE FARMING. 
In talking with a young man of my ac¬ 
quaintance recently he proposed a scheme 
which I have never heard of before, and 
asked my opinion. The scheme is for 
five men to purchase and stock a farm of 
from 1,000 to 1,500 acres, and then each 
of them to take a department under bis 
control, and push it to its best limits, one 
man to take the dairy, make all the butter 
from the cream, and have a general over¬ 
sight of the cows; another to have charge 
of all the stock, cows, horses, swine, sheep 
and poultry; another pay particular atten¬ 
tion to fruit growing; another to have 
charge of the farm and garden, its crops, 
etc. The fifth to be the general manager 
and salesman, also to look after the buy¬ 
ing of supplies. The question was asked, 
“Would it pay?” Starting with 50 cows, 
six horses, 10 brood sows, 50 hens, and 
20 sheep, the cost of equipping such a 
place would be approximately $7,000, in¬ 
cluding implements necessary to carry on, 
but excepting the land, which would vary 
according to the locality. This scheme, of 
course, would necessitate the hiring of 
considerable help, and it was proposed to 
have all the necessary buildings centrally 
located, with such houses as would be 
sufficient for the owners and help in the 
central group, and all connected with tele¬ 
phones. Could this be done with $15,000, 
and do you think it a feasible plan? 
Massachusetts. a. b. c. 
R. N.-Y.—We shall be glad to have 
opinion or experience regarding this prop¬ 
osition. _ 
DEER IN EASTERN CONNECTICUT. 
A family of deer—buck, doe and fawn— 
have been living here in Willington all 
Winter. This morning, January 5, one 
came down the road, walked slowly past 
my house, then turned and walked back up 
the road. The doe and fawn have been 
up on the hill, where the village is, several 
times, digging fro7.cn turnips out of the 
garden of the postmistress. C. T. Pres¬ 
ton threw out some hay from his barn 
window, and the deer came and ate it 
the same as domestic animals. I saw the 
buck in the lot back of my henhouses; he 
is a big fellow; I should think he would 
weigh 400 pounds. I thought that family 
was all there were about here, but a few 
days ago Mr. Whitford and his daughter 
drove past, and on the lot next north of 
my house there were four bucks, playing 
like young steers, locking horns, etc., Mr. 
Whitford sat in his sleigh and watched 
them about 10 minutes. The big buck let 
me walk up to within eight or 10 rods 
of him, looking right at me all the time, 
before he trotted off. Early in the Win¬ 
ter my granddaughter was riding our 
horse Ben up and down the road for 
pleasure when she saw three deer; she laid 
down on the horse’s neck and got within 
three rods of them before they started 
off. She put in chase of them, but they 
went over fences and walls where she 
didn't dare follow. Whether they will 
do any damage to corn and other crops 
this Summer remains to be seen. The 
Connecticut law does not allow them to 
be killed. geo. a. cosgrove. 
BUILDING A FIREPLACE. 
Fig. 54, a section of chimney and fire¬ 
place, shows how the fire brick should be 
set to make a narrow throat toward the 
front of the fireplace. This throat or 
opening should extend across the entire 
width of the fireplace from side to side, 
but should be quite narrow; not more than 
two or three inches wide. This has the 
effect of making a strong draft at the 
front and will not allow any smoke to get 
past it. If the whole size of the flue is 
left open some of the smoke is almost 
sure to roll out, as the flue gets enough 
draft without making a very strong pull 
at any one place. The effect of narrowing 
the opening into a flue has the same effect 
as using a nozzle on a hose; it gives more 
force where it is wanted. In a flue a cer¬ 
tain amount of air is continually rising; by 
narrowing the opening a strong draft is 
caused through the opening. This sketch 
also shows the way the sand box is sup¬ 
ported under the brick hearth. The sand 
box is supported by pieces of 2 x 6 spiked 
to a joist and let into the chimney. I he 
hollow foundation of chimney is. used as a 
storage place for ashes. This is a great 
convenience, as the fireplace may be 
cleaned in a moment by moving the iron 
plate and sweeping the ashes into the hole. 
The clean-out door at the bottom is large 
enough so that a common shovel is used to 
get the ashes out. A fireplace should have 
a flue in the chimney separate from that 
used for furnace or stoves. An inside 
chimney, that is. one built in the middle 
of the "house, always has a better draft 
than one built into the outside wall, as it 
is kept warmer. An outside chimney often 
does not draw well when fire is first start¬ 
ed, but does better after it becomes warm. 
Fig. 53 is a rough free-hand drawing 
showing how the fireplace in our house 
looks from the front. The inside is lined 
with fire brick set in fire clay mortar. 1 he 
other brickwork is of gray pressed brick. 
The arch is almost straight and rests upon 
two pieces of channel iron which are let 
into the wall on each side. The andirons 
and crane are the handiwork of an old 
blacksmith who worked for me at the 
time the house was finished. 
Minnesota. J. m. drew. 
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THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO., 
Columbus, Ohio. 
32 YEARS SEELING DIRECT 
We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell¬ 
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