-Mapes Complete Manures Contain the Highest Grade Materials 
and the Most Soluble ar J Valuable Plant-Food Forms Known 
E • 
No. f Pure Peruvian Guano Rectified £y our special treatment to improve its solubility, WITHOUT 
ACIDITY), nitrate of potash, carboroj of potash, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, etc., etc. 
Without knowledge of the sources or g.^ racter of the materials used in making a mixed fertilizer the 
chemist is unable to determine the plant food value Of the ingredients, particularly organic nitrogen, 
phosphoric acid insoluble, and all forms of potash. 
Extracts from latest Report of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for the year ending OCT. 31, 1904 
Official Number. 
*See note. 
11730 
11591 
11913 
12130 
4 4 
Ammonia. 
Found 12.17 
Guarantee 12. 
“ “ half strength (half Piaster)F ound 6.52 
Guarantee 6. 
Vegetable or complete for light soilst s “° ot,i Found 7.55 
Guarantee 6. 
11775 Mapes Top Dresser, full strength 
17757 
Tobacco Manure 
Found 
i 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
Average- 3 Samples, 
8.00 
8.14 
7.90 
8.01 
Phosphoric Acid. 
7.92 
8i 
4.08 
4i 
8.16 
JL 
5.68 
5.39 
5.35 
5.47 
Potash.* 
7.35 
6 1 
10.21 
10.50 
11.10 
10.60 
Guarantee 
•Ammonia total 12.17 insoluble (organic) 0.52. 
t *« “ 7.75 “ “ 0.61, 
Phos. acid total, 7.92, insol. 2.14. 
“ “ “ 8.16 “ 1.99 
Potash 6.51. 
“ 7.35 
All soluble. 
7.50 4.50 10 50 
The official report of the Connecticut Experiment Station for the year 1904 contains the analyses of over two hundred brands of mixed fertilizers 
(samples taken in the market). In this report of analyses the Mapes Manures above named are given the highest valuation of all and on the ordinary basis of 
figuring “ valuations no benefit is received by the Mapes Manures for the superior and more costly forms of Potash, Nitrate of Potash and Carbonate of 
Potash (eight cents instead of four cents per lb.) nor of the superior forms in Peruvian Guano. 
•At the present valuation of potash in these forms (8c instead of 7J4c) the ’‘valuation” of the Mapes Manure would be correspondingly higher. 
EXTRACTS FROM THE MAPES PAMPHLETS 
Page 14, Connecticut Station Report, 1904. 
‘•The Organic Nitrogen in these classes of goods (mixed fertilizers) is reckoned at the price of nitrogen in raw materials of 
the best quality,* 16 1-2 cents.” 
“ *This concession gives a dishonest manufacturer the opportunity to defraud the consumer, by ‘working off’ inferior or 
almost worthless leather, bat guano, and similar materials which ‘analyze well,’ containing up to 8 or 9 per cent of 
nitrogen, much or all which may be quite inert ; provided this inferiority is not discovered by the chemical examination. 
But since honest and capable manufacturers generally claim to use only ‘materials of the best quality,’ it would be unjust to them 
to assume that their fertilizers contain anything inferior. Farmers should satisfy themselves that they are dealing only with 
honest and with intelligent manufacturers.” 
Page 60, Connecticut Station Report, 1902: 
“ Tobacco Manures claimed to contain Potash as Carbonate or Nitrate.” “Since potash in these forms costs consider¬ 
ably more than in sulphate or muriate, it should not be valued at the same rate as in mixed fertilizers. It is not possible in 
most cases to determine by analysis whether the manufacturer’s claims are well founded, but assuming potash to be present in 
form of nitrate or carbonate and valued at 7 1-4 cents per pound, the valuations are as given:” 
“ Mapes Wrapper Brand would be $3?.79 instead of $35 34.” This is without any allowance for extra value for nitrate of potash. 
Page 59, Connecticut Station Report, 1902: 
“Mapes Top Dresser, Improved, half strength (mixed with equal weight of plaster), is stated by manufacturer to be made of 
nitrate of potash, nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, Peruvian Guano and plaster. Of course a valuation such as is employed 
here in the (Connecticut Report) does not represent, and is not intended to represent, the cost of plant food in chemicals 
which are exceptionally expensive or seldom used in commercial fertilizers ” 
Loss of Organic Nitrogen in acid soils. Extract from Bulletin No. 55 R. I. Station, Prof. H. J. Wheeler. 
This investigation has therefore demonstrated clearly that under such acid conditions, as have been shown to he of comparatively frequent occurrence 
in the State, practically one-half of the money Invested in the organic nitrogen of fertilizers may be lost to the purchaser. In view of the fact that the 
nitrogen of dried blood is the most effective, or, at least, one of the most effective forms of organic nitrogen known, it must be evident that the existence of 
such a degree of soil acidity as to reduce its assimilability one-half would have a tendency to seriously affect the manurial value of the nitrogen in the form of 
fish and tankage, which with dried blood, are the chief sources of organic nitrogen in the commercial fertilizers sold within the State. 
Acidity in Soils from Use of Superphosphates. Conversion of Phosphoric Acid 
(Water Soluble) into inert Forms in Unlimed Lands. 
Prof. TT. J. Wheeler, Chemist of the Rhode Island Experiment Station, in reply to the query about using lime on a crop to which a superphosphate has 
been applied, states: “Some of the most reliable writers and investigators oppose the use of superphosphates (acid phosphates) upon light sandy or muck soils 
unless they have been first limed, since the phosphoric acid tends to Increase the acidity and is liable to be largely wasted if the previous applications ox lime are 
omitted.” Again, “If lime is absent it would be expected that the phosphoric acid of the superphosphates would, in few days, enter largely in combination with 
iron and aluminum oxides, in which form plants usually obtain it with difficulty. When it enters into this combination it is also practically insoluble in 
carbonated water.” 
In the case of the light sandy soils, some the lightest, many are more or less acid. The Mapes Manures have been uniformly successful for many years 
past on these light soils and have brought them up to profitable fertility and with the use of very little if any farm manures. It is upon these light soils tnat 
often from truck and fruit growing the largest profits have been made. The large profits are the result of extra high quality, good carrying power of the 
product, and high average and fancy prices. The Mapes manures with these truck and fruit growers, during an experience of many years (some cases 
twenty years or over) have been found to suit their wants in every way. Reports of visits to their farms have frequently been in the leading agricultural 
journals. (1) We claim that these results are largely due to the special forms in the main ingredients that are supplied in the Mapes Manures. (2) Alto free¬ 
dom from objectionable acidity, either from free phosphoric acid or free sulphuric acid. On the contrary , by the presence of carbonate of potash, etc. in the 
Mapes Manures for Truck and Fruits these manures tend to CORRECT ACIDITY IN THE SOIL and bringabout a condition (alkaline' favorable to nitrification 
thus enabling the inert organic nitrogen of the soil to become soluble and active. (3) The phosphoric acid not liable to reve/sion to “inert forms” in the soil 
with coming in contact with oxides of iron and aluminum. (4) The very large proportion of nitrogen (ammonia) is not only soluble, for use as plant food, 
but unlike organic nitrogen, is ready for immediate absorption by the roots of the plant. (5) It is also free from the large waste liable in the case of 
organic nitrogen when used on acid soils. 
Special pamphlet and circulars sent free on the growing 1 of Celery (over $11,500, 31 acres); also on Strawberries, Truck, Small Fruit; Tobacco on Varied 
Soils; Fertilizer Farming Up-to-date igeneralfarm crops); Oranges and All Tropical Fruits in Florida; Top-Dressing of Lawns, Golf Links, Parks with the 
“Mapes Top Dresser Improved” (ammonia 12 per cent., phosphoric acid 8 per cent., potash, 4 per cent). The highest grade, the most soluble and quick acting of 
any made, fine, dry and free from odor. 
IN SENDING FOr; PAMPHLETS PLEASE STATE THE CROPS IN WHICH YOU ARE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED 
THE MAPES FORMULA AND PERUVIAN GUANO COMPANY 
143 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK 
