1905. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
277 
TRIMMING LOW-HEADED APPLE 
TREES. 
trees that split. I will only say that I 
know more about trees now than 60 years 
How Mr. Vergon Does It. 
Part II. 
Thinning the Tops. —In thinning out 
the tops of the trees (the limbs are up¬ 
right, or nearly so) there is not so much 
danger of bad results, and it usually does 
not need so much trimming. Much care 
should be taken if larger limbs are taken 
off from the body of the trees; you 
should see what the results will be 
before it is removed. It may cause too 
large an opening, and endanger the body 
of the tree by the sun, and a waste of 
space with no fruit. The screen of 
branches should be perfect as possible all 
around the tree. The screen should admit 
a free circulation of air and sunshine, so 
as to flicker through the foliage, checker¬ 
board fashion. This will cause the ap¬ 
ples to be of almost uniform quality. All 
wounds of any consequence should be 
covered with good paint made with white 
lead and linseed oil; for looks, a little 
lampblack will make it the color of the 
bark. It is very apparent to me that 
everything is in fa ,or of low-headed 
trees; more than one-half of the trim¬ 
ming is done from the ground, and fully 
one-half of the apples are picked from 
the ground, from trees that are 17 years 
o’d this Spring; spraying is facilitated in 
no small measure. The trunks of the 
trees are not exposed to the sun; we 
have not a flat-headed borer in the or¬ 
chard ; the trees withstand the storm bet¬ 
ter, for the harder portion of the storm 
rises over the tops of the trees. 
A Handy Pruning Saw. —The pruning 
saw on page 270, Fig. 11(5, we have used 
more than 40 years and never found any¬ 
thing worthy to take its place. (It is not 
in the markets.) We use nothing else, 
unless on trees two or three years old; 
a good pocket knife will answer the 
purpose. To procure it buy a first-class 
tenon saw 16 inches long, tvith not less 
than 11 or 12 teeth to the inch (will cut 
rapid and smooth). A machinist will 
cut the blade to one inch broad at the 
end, not including the back; have this 
cut to one-half its width, and you have a 
light saw, I believe the best in existence. 
It is best to have a vacancy of one tree 
to eight or ten acres of the orchard to 
burn the brush on—the ashes are conveni¬ 
ent for use. 
A Brush Drag —I have always claimed 
that nothing should be hauled out of the 
orchard except apples. To get the brush 
to the fire the brush drag is the thing, 
cheap and easily made. Four 2x4 scant¬ 
lings, 14 feet long, for the runners, sloped 
up on the front end; set them seven feet 
apart at front end, 10 feet at hind end, 
evenly spaced; set on edge; spike on five 
cross pieces, and six 1x4 boards nailed 
on top. A stake may be put on each 
hind corner, but not necessary. No one 
can afford not to have a brush drag, 
even if he has only a few acres of or¬ 
chard. 
Chaining a Split Tree. —To save with 
an iron cable a tree that is split, get lag 
bolts such as are used on telephone 
poles, of good length, not too heavy; 
better have two sizes to suit the branches. 
Have a blacksmith turn a hook of two 
inches, including the head of the bolt; 
bore holes in the large limbs opposite each 
other, up some distance; will be better 
leverage and have room to do the work. 
Don’t bore through the limb; turn the 
bolt in with a piece of fiat iron in the 
hook of the bolt; the hook should be 
left out so as not to come in contact with 
the growth of the limb for years to come. 
Put on two rounds of No. 9 wire over 
the hooks, the piece of iron in the cen¬ 
ter, and turn the cable tight as a drum. 
The cost is nominal. The hooks will 
never pull out if the holes are not too 
large, and no harm will come to the 
tree. I had several trees fixed in this 
way many years ago, and they are all 
right yet, and will be indefinitely. The 
question may arise why I should have 
ago. F. P. VERGON. 
Ohio. 
The “King Edward” Apple. 
J. L. O., Washington, D. G .—Are the state¬ 
ments made in this extract true, especially 
the one underscored? Is not King of Tomp¬ 
kins County the omy recognized “King” apple 
in this country? 
Ans.— The clipping contains an article 
of extravagant praise for the “King Ed¬ 
ward apple,” said to be originated by 
John Churchill, of Winslow, Me. Here 
is a sample: 
In passing through his nursery in July, 
1894, M’r. Churchill noticed that the short 
stem where a graft had failed had sent up 
a very vigorous sprout below the stump. It 
was almost black in color and gave signs of 
so much vigor that it was permitted to live 
as an experiment. From this side shoot from 
a tree where the graft had perished has orig¬ 
inated an apple that has brought millions of 
dollars to Maine. The fruit is short and 
bulging at the equator, giving it a shape like 
a pumpkin. Its color is dark red at the stem, 
shading through cherry and magenta to a 
bright pink at the blossom end. Until the 
end of January it is so hard that it will 
crack open like a ball of ice if dropped upon 
the floor. At this lime it is so unpalatable 
and sour that no animal will eat it. loiter 
it begins to grow mellow, and by March it 
has a fragrant tartness that is enjoyed by 
every one who tastes it. It makes excellent 
pies and sauces, while for English turnovers 
its quality is of the best. 
On referring the matter to Prof. W. M. 
Munson, of Maine, we have the following 
reply: 
I do not know Mr. Churchill .and never 
heard of the apple mentioned. It has 
never been shown at the meetings of the 
Maine State Pomological Society, and the 
largest growers in Kennebec County, in 
which Winslow is located, know nothing 
of the apple. The statement that “it has 
brought millions of dollars to Maine” is 
absolutely without a shadow of founda¬ 
tion. I am inclined to think the whole 
statement “made out of whole cloth.” 
Regarding your correspondent’s query, 
King of Tompkins County is the only 
recognized “King” at present. The name 
has been applied to several other varie¬ 
ties, as King Sweeting, King Tom, Jona¬ 
than (King Philip), Lady’s Fancy (ac¬ 
cording to Downing), and some others. 
w. M. MUNSON. 
Eucalyptus in Ohio; Black and Yellow Locust. 
G. L. G., Dayton, ().—Is the Eucalyptus 
tree hardy enough to grow for posts or 
timber in Ohio? What is the difference be¬ 
tween the Yellow and the Black locust? 
Dealers offer seeds of the Yellow, but not 
of the Black, and I want the best, as I wish 
to plant a large tract for fence posts. 
Ans.— There are many species of Eu¬ 
calypti, mostly natives of Australia, but 
a few kinds grow naturally in the East 
Indies. Some are valuable timber trees 
when they can be grown, but none is 
hardy enough for the climate of Ohio. 
Eucalypti in considerable variety grow 
well in California and some of the 
Southern States, where they are little ex¬ 
posed to frost. Yellow and Black locust 
are popular names for the same tree, 
Robinia Pseudacacia. Seeds are gener¬ 
ally sold as those of the Yellow locust. 
Don’t Give U 
There is a cure for Spavins, Ringbones 
Curbs, Splints and all other forms of lame¬ 
ness. It has been used all these years by the 
best horsemen, breeders and trainers and it 
never fails. That is their testimony on 
KENDALL’S 
SPAVIN CURE. 
Brooklyn, Conn., Jan. 10,1904. 
Dr. B. T. Kendall Co., Enosburg Falls, Vt., 
Gentlemen:—I would like you to send to my 
address your “Treatise on the Horse and his Dis¬ 
eases.” I use Kendall's Spavin Cure and know 
its goodness as I have cured two Bone Spavins 
on two different horses and know it is the best of 
anything I ever tried or heard of. 
Very truly yours, 
A. M. BUTLER. 
-I 
Price 91; six for 95. As a liniment for family use 
it has no equal. Ask your druggist for KENDALL’S 
SPAVIN CURE, alse "A Treatise on the Horse.” 
the book free, or address 
PR- J- KENDALL CO., Enosburg Falls, Vt. 
COLUMBIA 
Guaranteed 
Two Years 
WONDERFUL 
BUGGY OFFER 
Now Buys 
4^4^ Our Great 
COLUMBIA SPECIAL 
Top Buggy on 
30 0AYS’ 
FREE 
TRIAL. 
Its equal else¬ 
where would 
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than gtoO.OO. 
fully describes it and 250 
other styles of pleasure 
and business vehicles and harness, at lowest factory 
prices. There is as much difference beticeen “Columbia" and 
other makes of buggies as between mushrooms and toadstools. 
buy the tried,proven and endorsed kind; they cost 
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Columbia M’fg & Supply Co. 80 ^:*" *; c - 
OUR FREE CATALOG 
*DEATH TO HEAVES 
NEWTON’S Heave, Cough, Dla- 
temper and Indigestion Cara 
A veterinary specific for wind, 
r ..^.throat and stomach troubles. 
Strong recommend* $1.00 per 
can. Dealers. Mail or Kx. paid. 
The Newton Remedy Co.» 
Toledo, Ohio. 
The WAGON to BUY. 
Properly con¬ 
structed. Saves 
labor, annoy¬ 
ance and expense of repairs. 
STEEL WHEELS Notts': 
Your address on a postal will bring you free catalog. 
The Geneva Metal Wheel Co., 
Box 17, Geneva, Ohio. 
FARMERS 
HANDY 
WAGON 
Low steel wheels, wide tires, make 
loading and handling easier. We fur¬ 
nish Steel Wheels to titany axle, to 
carry any load. Straight or staggered 
spokes. Catalogue free. 
EMPIRE MFG.CO., Box 70 F Quincy, III. 
32 YEARS SELLING DIRECT 
We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world sell¬ 
ing to consumers exclusively. r 
We Have No Agents 
but ship anywhere for ex¬ 
amination and approval, 
guaranteeing safe deliv¬ 
ery. You are out noth¬ 
ing ifnot satisfied as to 
style, quality and 
price. We make 200 
styles of vehicles and 
No. 723(£. Driving Wagon with % Inch 65 styles of harness. 
rubber tires. Price complete $56. As Our large Catalogue la No. 307. Fine Canopy TopSurrey. Pricecom- 
good as sells for $^5 more. FREE. Send for It. plete $103. As good as sells for $30 more. 
Elkhart Carriage (Sb Harness Mfg. Co., Elkhart, Indiana. 
AT TWO-THIRDS RETAIL PRICE 
W hen you buy a carriage or harness from our factory yon give us two-thirda 
the sum you would pay the dealer. The remaining one-third is your profit. 
We are the only house in the state of Ohio selling direct to the customer who 
actually manufacture the vehicles and harness they offer for sale. Wecan 
and do sell a high grade class of work at a great saving to the purchaser, and 
our liberal guarantee carries with it abundant evidence that prices are not 
offset by reduction of quality. Weansolutely refund money to any dissatis- 
J le<[ 'instome r who purchases a carriage or harness from us and pay freight 
liotlnvays. Write for free catalogue showing styles and explaining our plan. 
W e have thousands of testimonials from satisfied customers. 
THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO. 
You Can’t Get Cheated 
on Split Hickory Buggies 
ft First —Because they are made by a concern with a reputa- 
WW W J* tion to protect that is founded on honest material and work¬ 
manship and honest and fair treatment of all customers. 
Second —Every piece of material in a Split Hickory Buggy is guaranteed 
for two years. 
Third —Every Split Hickory Buggy is sent out on a positive, definite 30 
Days Free Use Plan, backed up by an absolute agreement on our 
part to take back any buggy at our expense if it is not satisfactory to 
the purchaser, refunding every cent of the purchase price. Our Two 
Year Guarantee gives you better protection than if you came to our 
factory to order your own buggy and watched the process of its man¬ 
ufacture from the time the hickory is split from the log until it reaches 
the shipping room, where the finished buggy is crated for shipment 
to your station. 
This Guarantee 
places upon 
our shoulders 1 
the entire responsibility of building you a 
first-class buggy. If we were called upon 
to be constantly repairing and replacing de¬ 
fective parts the profit on a buggy would soon 
be eaten up in these repairs. That’s the reason 
we are so particular in the selection 
of all material, and that is why we 
pay more for our material and throw 
out every piece of hickory 
that shows the least sign 
of knots, wind-shakes or 
Imperfections of any 
kind. That is also the 
reason that it pays us to 
split the hickory from the 
log instead of sawing it, 
which is an expensive 
operation and causes a 
great deal of waste, but in 
the long run it is economy, 
mm 
Hi 
and that is also why we employ skilled labor at skilled labor wages in every department. 
That is why we equip every buggy with long-distance, dust-proof axles made of the best 
quality refined steel, use nothing but oil-tempered springs; the upholstering, every thread 
of it, all wool 16-oz. fast color broadcloth; box frame easy riding spring cushions; full 
length tops made water-proof and very durable; why every weak point Is braced and 
reinforced; shafts, the best quality double braced with heel and corner braces; and that 
is also why it costs us twice as much for the painting as the ordinary painting, because 
it is painted by the old-fashioned oil and lead process, with all wood-work carried 100 
days in pure oil and lead, and every Split Hickory Special Top Buggy is furnished with 
16 coats of painting, each coat rubbed out and thoroughly dried before the next is applied. 
These Are Some of the Reasons Why Our Split Hickory Special 
Top Buggy is the most popular buggy in the U. S. today. These are also the reasons 
that where one buggy is sold others follow. The price is S50 and it is sold on 30 DAYS 
FREE USE PLAN. You can buy buggies cheaper than $50, but not of the kind or 
quality of our SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL TOP BUGGY. We are not competing with 
a shoddy class of goods. You do not want that kind of goods if you want to make a good 
investment with your money. It is not economy to buy a cheap article because the 
price is low when there is no value attached to it. 
It is worth something to know that The Ohio Carriage Miii. Co. has a record 
for fair dealing with thousands of buggy users all over the United States and its refer¬ 
ences are the leading banks and business houses of Cincinnati. 
Let us send you our Free 1905 Catalogue, it is said to be the handsomest and most complete 
buKuy catalogue ever sent out by a carriage manufacturer. It is absolutely free, contains 192 pages 
of buggy and harness information and you ought to have it to post yourself on the best that is made 
iu the buggy and harness line and uold at money-saving prices direct from the factory to you. Write 
for our catalogue today. v\ e will uend it postage prepaid promptly on receipt of your inquiry. 
THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., (H. C. Phelps, Pres.) 
STATION 290 CINCINNATI, OHIO. 
