1905. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
375 
Hardwood Ashes as Substitute for Lime. 
J. Q., Richford, Ft.—Would good hardwood 
ashes answer In the place of lime if sown on 
ground before sowing Alfalfa? 
Ans.—Y es, provided you used enough 
of them. An average sample of wood 
ashes contains about 650 pounds of lime 
to the ton. You should use at least twice 
as much of wood ashes as of air-slaked 
lime. 
Turkestan Alfalfa. 
•J. H. II., Steubenville, O .—Can you tell me 
if Turkestan Alfalfa has any advantages 
over the common Alfalfa? I thought of sow¬ 
ing a part of field of each, side by side, but 
would like to know more about the Turkestan 
Alfalfa before trying it. 
Ans.— Our impression is that the Turk¬ 
estan Alfalfa has proved superior in the 
Far West, where the climate and soil are 
very dry. In the more humid climate of 
the East we think the common Alfalfa 
has proved equal if not better. 
Fumigating a Dwelling. 
R., Albion, N. Y .—I wish to learn the best 
method of fumigating a dwelling, some of 
the inmates having been afflicted with scarlet 
fever. Would you advise the burning of sul¬ 
phur? Is it necessary to burn it in every 
room? Would it rid the house of insects 
also? 
Ans.— We would not trust to sulphur 
in such a case, but would burn the for¬ 
maldehyde candles sold at most drug 
stores—using them according to direction. 
This is expensive fumigation, but it is 
sure. For killing insects the fumigation 
with cyanide of potash mentioned on 
page 178 is effective. 
Nitro-Culture” and Buckwheat. 
J. S., St. Johns, Canada .—Would buck¬ 
wheat be benefited in the same way as beans, 
peas or clovers by the use of nitro-culture, 
and be as useful as clover for plowing under? 
Ans.— No, the “nitro-culture” would 
not help the buckwheat directly. This 
“culture” contains the germs which work 
on the roots of certain plants, such as 
clover, peas and beans. So far as is 
known at present these germs work only 
on the plants which carry their seeds in 
pods—either large or small. These plants 
are called “legumes.” • Grain, like wheat, 
rye or buckwheat, would not be helped by 
“nitro-culture,” since the germs do not 
work on its roots. We have found buck¬ 
wheat a good green manure, though not 
as good as clover. 
Water Glass in Crystal Form. 
A. S., Boonville, N. C .—I cannot buy the 
solution of silicate of sodium or water glass 
here, but can buy the powder. Can you tell 
me what amount of the powder should be 
dissolved In water to form a solution to pre¬ 
serve eggs? Where should the vessels be kept 
that contain the eggs? 
Ans. —We have not used dry or crys¬ 
tal silicate of sodium, and understand it 
is somewhat difficult of solution. One 
pound of crystals to 12 gallons of water 
is practically a three per cent solution, 
and is equivalent to a 10 per cent dilution 
of the standard water glass or silicate of 
sodium solution, which contains 30 per 
cent of the dry chemical. This has been 
repeatedly demonstrated to preserve eggs 
perfectly. To be on the safe side, we 
would use one pound crystals to 10 gal¬ 
lons of water, and try to dissolve the 
chemical in a smaller quantity of boiling 
water, afterwards making up to the re¬ 
quired amount. The vessel containing the 
eggs should be kept covered and in a 
cellar or other cool place. 
Adding Chemicals to Manure. 
IF. C. L., Gleasondule, Mass .—What chem¬ 
icals should be added to barn manure to make 
a well-balanced fertilizer for general use on 
corn and garden vegetables? (live figures per 
ton or cord of manure. Sulphate of potash 
preferred to muriate if as good in this com¬ 
bination. Manure is kept under cover; horse 
manure used in gutter back of cows, and slops 
from house, including night soil, etc., emptied 
on the heap. 
Ans. —An average barnyard manure 
contains 10 pounds of nitrogen, six of 
phosphoric acid and 13 of potash. As a 
result of many experiments with chemical 
fertilizers, it appears that on the whole 
the safest proportion of plant elements on 
the average soil is about two parts of 
potash and 2 parts of phosphoric acid 
to one of nitrogen. There are of course 
some soils where less of one of these ele¬ 
ments would be needed, also some crops 
which would yield well with a lower pro¬ 
portion. Those who use most fertilizers 
and with best results will agree that the 
proportion named is most economical in 
the long run. We see that stable manure 
gives only about half of one part of 
phosphoric acid and less than part of 
potash to one of nitrogen. We may add 
19 pounds of phosphoric acid and seven 
pounds of potash to make the proportion 
fit. This could be done by adding 15 
pounds muriate of potash and 125 pounds 
of good acid phosphate to each ton of 
manure. On our own soil, and with the 
crops we grow, we should add more pot¬ 
ash and less nitrogen. It is not necessary 
to mix the chemicals with the manure. 
They may be spread on the ground by 
themselves after the manure has been 
plowed under. The sulphate of potash is 
as good for this purpose, except that 
when mixed with the manure the muriate 
will probably preserve the manure better. 
Manure in a Dry Country. 
rwr - — 
O. 11'. M. D., Great Falls, Mont .—We throw 
the manure from the barn into a pile outdoors 
and probably once a month haul it on to the 
land and let it lie in piles (small). The 
climate here is very dry ; the manure simply 
dries out and would be blown away if it were 
not held down with dirt. Do we lose the 
value of it by this method? It does not fire- 
fang, as the piles are too small. 
Ans.— It is not likely that nitrogen is 
lost by this method. That would be the 
only element of plant food likely to es¬ 
cape. It would be necessary to have a 
certain amount of moisture in order to 
start and carry on fermentation. Potash 
and phosphoric acid are lost from manure 
by leaching. 
Ashes or Fertilizer. 
Please advise which Is better to apply to 
a bearing orchard (pastured by sheep and 
hogs), 55 bushels (1*4 ton) spent tanbark 
ashes, or 400 pounds South Carolina bone 
and muriate of potash mixture, analyzing 11 
per cent phosphoric acid, 10 per cent potash, 
the cost being the same? If the land needs 
lime, will the lime in the ashes be as good 
as the same quantity of slaked stone lime? 
The above orchard has not been cultivated 
for 10 years and is running to Brown sedge. 
May not the lime in the ashes be soluble for 
this, as I have read in agricultural literature 
that where good lands run to the sedge they 
need lime? Is this true? 
Ans.— This gives a fair comparison as 
to the plant food in the two substances: 
Phosphoric 
Nitrogen, acid. Potash. I,lme. 
300 lbs. ashes. .35 .45 .750 
400 lbs. fertilizer. .. .44 .40 .... 
The advantage is with the ashes. There 
is less phosphoric acid, and this not 
so available in the ashes, but there is 
more potash, and a fair dressing of lime. 
The lime in the ashes is as useful as that 
in slaked lime. We should consider the 
sedge as an indication that lime is needed. 
For the land's sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
PURE LOCUST BEAN MEAL RICH IN SUGAR nND> 
PURE FLAXSEED WITH T HE OIL ALL IN IT 
ALBUMENOUS AND TONIC 
NO I 
bee 
Recon 
^^thou 
DIRTY MOLASSES, MILL FEED OR REFUSE 
beet Food for Stock at quarter the coat of Stock 1 
Recommended by Agricultural Experiment Stations _ 
k thouaanda of Farmers. Write lor (imples and priced. 
HE BARWELJ. MILLS,Waukegan, III, 
'»* A 
k<m»i 1 . 
land 
/ 
First Lessons in Picture Making P fc. 
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book of instruction for. beginners in the Study of 
Amateur Photography. Price 25 cents. Address 
OLIVE E. MILLER, 409 Seminary Ave., Chicago. 
IT DOES THE TRICK I SF“-‘ P * 
SPECIAL. 
This axle runs easier than any other, and requires 
no attention, It’s ~\7^T ondcr." 
STANDARD BALL AXLE WORKS, LANCASTER, PA. 
DIRECT TO YOU Price*. 
We are not jobbers or assem¬ 
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U. S. BUGGY & CART CO., 
B 627 Cincinnati, O. 
BUGGY SUPPLIES 
MADE TO ORDER 
Tops, cushions, storm 
fronts, wheels,axles,springs 
everything for a buggy. Sold 
direct from factory at factory 
prices. Saves middlemen’s 
profits. Free Catalogues. 
Cleveland Top Co., Dept A-46, 
THE UNITED FACTORIES CO., Cleveland, Ohio, 
These Men’s shoes 
are high in every 
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Their price does not 
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MADE OF CHOICE LEATHERS 
In many styles to satisfy every taste. 
If not found do not accept some 
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HUCKINS, TEMPLE & WOOD 
Only Makers - BOSTON 
Extension Axle Nuts 
Cure wabbles and make old buggies run like 
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HARDWARBSPECIA LTY CO., Box 643,Pontiac, Mlch # 
Write fo-Day 
for 
. our big 
free Harness catalog Which 
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Single harness, $ 4.lOiip 
Double “ 12.45111) 
Pony “ 9.45,1 ( > 
Men’s saddles, 2.48 up 
Boys’ 
Ladles’ “ 
and a big and 
line of fly nets, 
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4.25 up 
complete 
lap robes, 
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get our harness entnlog before buying 
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HARNESS 
We sell custom made oak-tanned leather harness direct to the 
individual at factory prices. And we warrant it to be the best 
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THE KING HARNESS CO., 0 Lake St.,Onego, Tioga Co., N.Y. 
60-DAY TRIAL OFFER 
WRITE US 
ABOUT IT! 
WYOMING RUNABOUT, No. 250 R. 
EX CASH 
All the latest improvements. Strictly first-class material and finish. Manufactured in New York 
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ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
t WE’LL PAY THE FREIGHT 
and send 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tir. on . $7.25 
With Rubber Tire., $16,00. I mfg. wheel* H to 4 In. 
treed. Top Buggiei, $28.75: Harness, $8.60. Wrlto for 
catalog. Learn how to bnydlreet. Repair Wheel. $>.60. 
W agon Umbrella FIU££-W.R. BOOB, Clnclaaatl. Q, 
Only half usual quantity neces¬ 
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MadebyPrattFoodCo.,Phila. Over 30 yea rs old. 
THE SWINGING STEEL STANCHION 
KEEPS COWS CLEAN. 
Cheapest, Strongest and Best. The 
only Stanchion having guide to protect loose 
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place and locking. Sold at wholesale in 
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^/752 for Your 
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If You Act Nov/I 
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THE MODEL CARRIAGE Jk HARNESS CO. 
171 W. Sixth St-, Cincinnati, O. 
s 
AVE YOUR BACK 
Save time, horses, work 
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Low wheels, broad tires. No 
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5AW MILL MACHINERY 
THE 
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RUBER0ID 
Is and has been for 
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THE STANDARD PAINT CO., 
Sole Manufacturers, 
100 William St., New York 
