1905. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
457 
HANDY SEED SOWING DEVICE. 
Previous mention has been made of the 
inventive turn of mind which obtains in 
the average market gardener. Methods 
of intercropping where two or three crops 
can be taken from the same piece of 
ground, inventions of and improvement 
in labor-saving devices, and many handy 
tools of home manufacture are frequently 
evolved. The diagram below represents 
the necessary implements for sowing veg¬ 
etable seeds with neatness and dispatch. 
The flat is of the regulation size we adopt 
for growing one dozen tomato plants for 
Spring sales. It is the product of the box 
factory and can be purchased in quantity 
at a reasonable price. This size of flat 
provides a suitable medium for sowing all 
kinds of vegetable seeds, easily trans¬ 
ferred from warm to cooler conditions 
and in case of damping off no great loss 
is incurred. When sowing the seed the 
flat is loosely filled with soil to which a 
good proportion of sand has been added 
and leveled off with one sweep with the 
back of the pressboard. The soil is then 
pressed down one-half inch, as indicated 
by fit of the pressboard in width to the 
flat. The level stick is then used. This 
fits the flat the long way, and makes a 
drill, the bevel edge being greater than 
the depth of the pressboard. The seed 
is sown in these drills, which can be quite 
close together when the soil is light in 
texture, covering lightly with soil and 
repeating the pressing with board. One 
of the advantages in sowing all seed at 
the same depth and in transplanting from 
rows is that the operator can remove the 
seedlings much more quickly. We would 
suggest a trial of this device, the explana¬ 
tion being much more difficult than the 
experiment. 
—Francis Canning, in the American Flor¬ 
ist- _ 
INFLUENCE OF STOCK UPON GRAFT 
I cut from a Bartlett tree at least 12 years 
old some scions, and set them in a Flemish 
Beauty. The three limbs that united with 
the scions were allowed to grow, and there 
were no more grafts put in. The first crop 
of fruit from these grafts was of excellent 
quality, a Bartlett type with Flemish Beauty 
flavor, and ripened about a week earlier than 
Bartlett on same soli. It had very little 
more color than the Bartlett. In the next 
two or three years the fruit grew smaller and 
earlier, until now it ripens with the Lawrence, 
has a very high color, is much smaller and 
very much poorer tlavor. This fruit has been 
pronounced by Prof. Beach as different from 
anything he knows of. 'rite tree and grafts 
are still living. f. w. vail. 
New York. 
I read with interest the recent discussion 
in regard to the influence of the stock on 
the scion or bud. The superintendent of our 
State experiment orchard, Joe A. Burton, 
Mitchell, Ind., grafted a fruit spur of the 
native wild crab with a fruit spur of Yellow 
Transparent apple, to determine the effect of 
the stock on the variety grafted. The graft 
grew, developed a cluster of leaves, bloomed 
and set fruit; after the leaves had. become 
well set the leaves of the Yellow Transparent 
were taken off and the sap was elaborated by 
the foliage of the wild crab and conducted 
through the cell structure of the crab to the 
apple. The apple developed into a typical 
Yellow Transparent in size, shape and color, 
and those who tasted it said it was Yellow 
Transparent in quality. This experiment 
seems to show that the variety has the power 
to maintain its identity in the Individual 
cells. In this case the sap was carried and 
elaborated by the stock, and yet the variety 
was able in Its own cell structure to maintain 
its identity. c. m. hobbs. - 
Indiana. » 
About 15 years since I grafted a tree to 
Tompkins King. I should judge the tree was 
20 years old, strong and vigorous, but the 
fruit was as sour as vinegar, and very hard; 
in size about as large as the Baldwin, form 
and color more like Wolf River. The first 
fruits partook of the character of the stock, 
hard, sour and very unlike the King, but each 
successive year the quality improved, and 
after about five years the characteristic of 
the King predominated, and the tree bears 
more or less every year of fine large fruit. 
To my mind here is positive proof of the in¬ 
fluence of the stock over the graft, the strong 
over the weak, but as years passed this in¬ 
fluence was overcome by the rapid growth of 
the grafts, forming a new head to the tree. 
I have another case where I set Sutton 
Beauty grafts iu a Summer Strawberry apple 
tree. These grafts bore the past season. The 
fruit was not over one-half natural size, and 
set thick and in clusters, not unlike the 
Strawberry. This being the first fruit, I can¬ 
not say what the future may show, but I 
have a firm belief in the influence of the 
stock upon the graft when set upon large 
vigorous trees. In grafting small trees this 
influence would be overcome before they came 
in fruit, but use vigorous growing stock every 
time to insure vigor in graft. 
New York. Walter f. tabeu. 
A neighbor had quite a number of apple 
trees of the Roxbury Russet variety, and 
asked me to graft one of them to Baldwin. I 
took scions from a tree that bore large well- 
colored fruit, and set for him, but told him 
It would not prove satisfactory. When he 
got fruit from that tree they were a greenish 
yellow with large patch of russet on one side, 
small In size and not of good Baldwin qual¬ 
ity. About 10 years ago I took scions from 
a Transcendent crab and set in a small apple 
tree back of my barn. The tree was a seed¬ 
ling that came up in the mowing, and was so 
small that the two scions set made the top 
of the future tree. As the tree was too 
small to bear I cannot tell what its fruit 
would have been, but of this much I am abso¬ 
lutely sure; those scions lived and made the 
whole top of that tree, aud the fruit has 
hardly any resemblance to a Transcendent 
crab. It is larger, of just about the color 
of Yellow Transparent. It is a prodigious 
bearer of beautiful fruit. At least two-thirds 
of fruit set should be removed properly to 
thin. There is nothing of the astringent 
tang usually found iu a crab. The quality 
for canning or sauce is so far superior to 
Transcendent as to seem like a new fruit. 
If some nurserymen had this they would send 
it out as superior to anything in the crab 
apple line. I have grafted several trees from 
the original, and find the qualities perpet¬ 
uated. The crab tree stood about 25 rods 
from the one In which I set the scions, and 
there was not another crab tree within one- 
third of a mile. The crab had not been set 
long enough so the other could be a crab 
seedling. u. D. G. 
Asliburnham, Mass. 
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s 
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Send for free book of instructions. 
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191 Lafayette Ave., Detroit, Mich. 
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Newark Valley, N. Y. 
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