i nos. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
563 
FARM AND DAIRY NOTESl 
Cow with Caked Udder. 
I have a cow with a caked udder since the 
last of January, having tried different cures, 
but without effect. What would you advise 
me lo do? Will she be all right again when 
she comes in shortly ? w. b. 
Croswell, Mich. 
If the udder is hard I should dispose of 
tiie cow in some way, as 1 have not known 
of one coming around all right after it had 
been hard so long a time. Bathing with 
hot water and vigorous rubbing has been 
the most efficient cure that we have tried. 
The sooner one takes the trouble in hand 
after it is discovered, the quicker will re¬ 
lief come. After these cases become 
chronic they are hard to cure. When the 
udder is not hard after garget troubles we 
have known several cows to come around 
all straight; have now in our barn a cow 
that we bought with three teats, but she 
has had four perfect teats since she came 
fresh with us. 
Ration for Milch Cow. 
How can I make up a ration for a milch 
cow with the following feeds? Wheat, bran, 
white and brown middlings, dairy chop, dis¬ 
tilled malt, then dried; cornmeal, oil meal, 
clover hay. Cotton-seed meal, gluten meal, 
hominy, corn distillers' grains, are not for 
sale. w. j. f. 
If we grew the cornmeal named in this 
list we would make a mixture of three 
parts each bran, and cornmeal and two 
parts oil meal, feeding six to eight pounds 
per day on an average to medium-sized 
cows weighing about 800 pounds. We 
would give them all the clover hay they 
would eat up reasonably clean. If the 
cornmeal must be purchased we should 
prefer a mixture of two parts bran mid¬ 
dlings, two parts malt and one part oil 
meal, with clover hay as above. Cotton¬ 
seed meal, gluten and the corn distillers 
grains ought to be for sale in your local¬ 
ity, and cheaper than they can he bought 
here. Your feed dealers ought to be la¬ 
bored with by farmers to keep the highest 
class of feeds. 
Crain Ration for Cows. 
I would like a little advice in regard to a 
proper and profitable grain ration for my 
cows. Mr. Manchester is not in favor of 
using cornmeal where it has to he purchased, 
but in my case corn is one of my very best 
crops, and I cannot very well dispense with 
it. My farm is new, quite a large part of it 
being as yet covered with briers, small oak 
saplings and large pine stumps, which I am 
pulling out as fast as I can and clearing the 
land for good farming. As yet I do not have 
very much hay, only for my horses, and have 
to use corn fodder for my main feed for cows 
in the Winter. I would like to know what 
is best to mix with cornmeal to make a good 
balanced ration for cows giving milk. My 
practice has been to use wheat bran, equal 
parts by weight, but it is expensive, costing 
here $25 per ton: cotton-seed meal can be 
bought in Jackson, 120 miles away, for $27 : 
linseed meal about the same. I have no silo; 
would it pay me to get one for only four to 
six COWS? E. H. 
Stanton, Mich. 
Corn fodder alone fed dry does not make 
the most palatable ration, but where you 
keep only four to six cows I should hard¬ 
ly recommend a silo, as the silage from the 
the ordinary-sized silo would hardly be 
used fast enough to prevent considerable 
spoiling. I would advise using a cutter 
and putting enough hot water on a pile 
sufficient for a feed twelve hours before 
using, and cover with sacks or blankets to 
soften the fodder, and put.it in such shape 
that the cows would eat it better. The 
price of cotton-seed meal is not unreason¬ 
able, and I believe you can afford to feed 
it. Certainly if we raised the corn as you 
do we should feed cornmeal. The price 
given for bran seems higher than it ought 
to be, as it has retailed for $25 or less 
here for the past year, and must he hauled 
hundreds of miles farther from the pro¬ 
ducing section than at your place. It is, 
however, almost a necessity to a healthy 
ration, and I would try to use a little at 
least. A mixture of three parts cornmeal, 
one part each bran and cotton-seed, feed¬ 
ing five to nine pounds daily to the cows, 
depending on quantity given, etc., with 
what fodder they will eat, will make a good 
ration. Can you not grow some oats and 
peas to cut for fodder, or saved and the 
grain ground and straw fed as is many 
times done? The early-cut oats and peas 
cured would give a roughage feed highly 
appreciated with the corn fodder and it is 
a good milk producer. If you could in¬ 
crease the dairy to 10 or more cows, with 
some young stock, a silo would help you 
immensely, and with a little each equal 
parts cotton-seed meal, bran and corn- 
meal, I believe you could produce milk 
much more easily at less cost. 
H. G. MANCHESTER. 
PLAN FOR A HOGHOUSE 
Can you give me plans and suggestions 
for a hoghouse? I want a building about 
10x30 or 32 feet, so it will be large enough 
for three good roomy pens; also to have 
room for a good sized arch with kettles for 
cooking vegetables, feeding, etc., and for heat¬ 
ing water for butchery and such work. I 
want second story high enough so we can 
have room for storing corn on one side (corn- 
crib) and feed bins on other. I am not 
decided whether to use cement for floors, es¬ 
pecially where hogs sleep. I am afraid it 
will be too cold and damp for them on ce 
ment. Why would it not. do to cement, it 
all with rough top so hogs cannot slip, and 
then put plank over cement for sleeping 
pens, bedding 4x4 in cement, when laid to 
hold (he plank? Also, what kind of feeding 
troughs are best, iron or those made of 
plank? If latter, how made and how deep 
Would it not be well to have trough in one 
pen shallow for small pigs? 
Victor, N. Y. l. g. l. 
As three pens are wanted, I would have 
the building stand north and south, and 
put the pens in the south end, and one 
on east or west side, joining an end pen. 
L. G. L. can determine on which side he 
prefers this third pen. The end pens will 
be of good size, 8x12. Let the end pen 
adjoining the side pen be 8x14 feet. This 
will give an opportunity to put the feed 
in all pens from the corner where they 
all meet. The sleeping part of the end 
pens should be in south end; for the 
other pen in the end farthest away from 
the end pens. The space left lying at 
north end of side having two pens, six 
feet, and that north of single pen at end 
on east side can be used for putting in 
furnace, and for butcher room. I would 
put the furnace in the six-foot space, us¬ 
ing as much across the end as needed. 
The remainder of vacant space I would 
use for mixing feed, and as a run for 
the young pigs when they begin to eat, 
and are fed apart from their dams, and 
at butchering time use it for that purpose. 
I would put up this building in such a 
way that it can be easily put to other 
uses for stock. When the pens are put 
in, make the panels interchangeable, so 
they can easily be put in place if they are 
once taken out. If you want to feed large 
hogs the pens can readily be changed to 
one. The way these pens are put in, an 
outside pen can be built for each one, 
and this- should he done, and much of the 
feeding be done outside. In fact, get 
young pigs on the ground as soon as 
possible, or at least give them the chance 
to have their choice. 
Now as to the cement floor. I would 
cement the whole floor, the furnace and 
butchery, as well as the pig stalls. First, 
secure perfect drainage for the soil under 
and around the building. If planks are 
used over the cement, they are sure to 
be damp. I would slope the floor of the 
pens toward the room where the feed is 
prepared, and the young pigs fed. This 
will keep the back part of the pens dry. 
The cement floor should be well covered 
with straw in the nest part of the pens 
at any rate In finishing the floors of 
the pens, use a wooden trowel to float 
with; this will leave a rough finish by 
bringing the sand to the top, whereas a 
metal trowel will bring the cement to the 
top, and leave a smooth finish. I would 
have a cement wall around the whole 
floor excepting at the doorways; this 
wall to be at least four inches above the 
floor. I like a flat-bottomed, wooden 
trough, say 10 inches wide, and four deep, 
and as many feet long as desired. For 
young pigs make it smaller in every way, 
but after the same plan. I have had no 
experience with iron troughs, but am sure 
they cannot be as convenient as wooden 
ones, made to meet the present wants of 
the feeder. I would not build a very 
extensive furnace for cooking, for this 
work is seldom satisfactory as regards 
the feeding part, and never profitable as 
an investment. Build high enough to 
store grain, straw, and hay, upstairs. The 
latter will be convenient if other stock 
than hogs is kept in the building. By 
keeping the pens well bedded, there will 
be no use of a plank floor, and is, in 
fact, better without plank. 
JOHN M. JAMISON. 
Food Value of Milk. 
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P. D., Waymart, Pa .—What Is the value 
of the amount of animal food contained in 
a 40-quart can of separated milk, also a 40- 
quart can of buttermilk? 
Ans.—A ssuming the can of milk to 
weigh 85 pounds, the following figures 
will give a fair comparison: 
FOOD IN 85 POUNDS. 
Pro¬ 
tein. 
Fat 
Form¬ 
ers. 
Fat. 
Skim-milk . 
... 3 
4 Vi 
0.6 
Ruttermilk . 
2</ a 
4 >/. 
.08 
Cornmeal . 
t> 
53 
2.78 
Wheal, bran. 
10 
38 
2.1 
Oats . 
30 
3.3 
Clover hay. 
ti 
32 
1.0 
Green grass. 
»> 
8.4 
0.3 
When Chicks Die. —First year chicks were 
enclosed in run, but for the past two years 
the hens have had free range with their 
brood. This may be one reason why my 
chicks have been quite free from the con¬ 
dition referred to on page 54 1 >, excepting 
in one instance and that was the first year, 
when I lost quite a number of chicks that 
way. But as soon as I gave them free 
range, those that were not already affected 
pulled through all right. I think that in 
order to prevent this condition among chicks. 
I would advise free range with plenty of 
shade and water. I would also add a little 
copperas to their drinking water. 
Ohio. FRED KEYERLEBER. 
WARRINER'S 
HOLDS THE 
ANIMALS AS 
FIRMLY 
AS RIGID 
STANCHIONS. 
W. B. CRUMB, 73 Main St., Forestville, Conn. 
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24 Years’ Work—No 
Repairs 
Hours run. 1,200 
Pounds separated.... 1,080,000 
Turns ol'crank. 8,155,760 
Turns of bowl.1,152,000,000 
Oil used. 8 Quarts 
Time oiling. About 4 min. 
Time adjusting. None 
Repairs. None 
43 Years’ Work—75c Repairs 
Hours run. 2,150 
Pounds separated... 1,985,000 
Turns of crank. 5,652,070 
Turns of bowl.1,864,000,000 
Oil used.. 5% quarts 
Time oiling. About 7 min. 
Time adjusting. 10 min. 
Repairs. 75 cents 
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Toronto, Canada West Chester, Pa. Chicago, Illinois 
