632 
TII K RURAL NEW-YORKER 
August 26 , 
FARMERS' CL UB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it Is not answered In 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.1 
Nitrite of Soda on Lima Beans. 
IT. A. T., Idle wood, .V. J .—I am growing 
about 3,200 feet of trelllsed Lima beans, 
• which at this writing are making superb 
headway : vines seven to nine feet, and full 
of blossoms; variety. Dreer's Improved. I 
fear the drain on the land will lie too great 
to mature the crop, especially as I have in¬ 
stalled the Skinner system of irrigation, and 
shall spray the patch on frosty nights and 
hold the crop well into October, '"lie land 
is light sandy loam very well fertilised with 
well-cured stable manure. I gave it one 
dressing of nitrate of soda about four weeks 
ago. Can I safely and satisfactorily apply 
the nitrate again, how often and' how strong? 
I am trying tlie nitro-culture on a part of 
the patch and on all my bush Limas. 
Ans. —You could use nitrate of soda at 
the rate of 75 pounds per acre, hut this 
would not be the most economical way to 
fertilize the beans. It is doubtful whether 
they need more nitrogen. We should use 
potash and phosphoric acid as well, as 
these minerals are needed to produce seed. 
Why not use a complete fertilizer con¬ 
taining four per cent nitrogen, eight of 
phosphoric acid and six or eight of pot¬ 
ash ? 
The Use of “ Cores and Skins " 
A. H. Chagrin Falls. O. —I want yon to 
see the enclosed', that recently came into 
my possession. “Apple cores and skins!" 
“Bleached chops!" It makes one cry out 
with Sergeant Buzfuz, “Chops and tomato 
sauce, good heavens, what next!” How long 
must a patient and suffering public 1 ' im¬ 
posed upon? Will our National Congress ever 
pass a pure food bill, and forever relegate 
such rottenness as this to the innocuous 
desuetude that it deserves, and its promoters 
along with it? 
Ans. —The note referred to is a quoted 
price from a St. Louis commission house, 
as follows: 
We offer, subject to being unsold, bleached 
apple waste (cores and skins) in sacks, SO 
cents pei' 100 pounds. Bleached chops, $1.10 
per 100. Also car of fair sun-dried apples, 
at 2’4 cents, all f. o. b., St. i/ouis. 
Up to a few years ago all the chopped 
apples went to France, and were used 
either by large manufacturers to make a 
cheap drink, something like cider, or by 
the housewives to brew a small beer. Of 
late years we sell considerable quantities 
of chops to Germany, where they are sold 
from the groceries to make apple butter 
and also for beer. Cores and skins are 
used entirely for jelly making, both here 
and all over the world, except wlu" they 
are old or fermented, when they are used 
for vinegar making. The jelly makers 
color and flavor the stock made from 
cores and skins, and furnish currant, 
peach, gooseberry or any other kind 
wanted, all from the same kettle. It has 
been stated that the French make a liquid 
from American cores and skins, charge it 
with carbonic acid gas, and send it back 
here as champagne. 
A Packinghouse Fertilizer. 
A. F. S., Canada. —I can buy what Is 
called packing-house fertilizer for $20 per 
ton. Analysis by the Dominion Department : 
Nitrogen stated as ammonia. S.S4 
Soluble phos. acid. 0.33 
Citric soluble acid . 6-39 
Insoluble acid . 3.32 
Total 10.04 
Potash. 0.35 
Moisture 6.75 
The bone and meat refuse of lard tank, 
is pressed to get all the moisture out of it, 
then dried, and ground and mixed with the 
blood and meat meal; the bone is not treated 
with acid or anything; no foreign mixture in 
the blood and meat meal. IIow would the 
above do for fertilizer for potatoes, vege¬ 
tables and fruit? Is anything required to 
add to it? How much to acre for good re¬ 
sults, soil sandy loam? Would the same do 
for food for hogs and poultry? The manu¬ 
facturers assure me that there is nothing in 
it in the least to hurt anything. I buy di¬ 
rect from the packing house. 
Ans.— This is a cheap fertilizer at $20 
per ton, but we would not use it alone. 
There is too much ammonia as compared 
with potash. It would give a fine growth 
of vine or stem, hut tuber and fruit 
would be deficient. By using 300 pounds 
of muriate of potash with a ton of this 
fertilizer you will have a much better 
mixture—1,000 pounds of this mixture to 
the acre. You will understand that all 
you need to consider in the analysis of 
the phosphoric acid is “citric soluble.” 
This means the proportion of the phos¬ 
phoric acid which is soluble in citric acid 
or weak vinegar, and is a fair measure 
of what the plant can utilize. We would 
go slow in feeding such tankage to hogs. 
Try it on a few first and watch them. 
Plowing a Small Field. 
IP. IP., New York City .—Some years ago I 
took possession of a farm of 33 acres, and be 
gan farming. I was of course an amateur. 
The lots were small, about two to three acres 
in extent, surrounded by high, rough stone 
walls, the bottom stones of which being large 
projected beyond the fence proper in numer¬ 
ous places two feet more into the lots. The 
farm had been originally covered with 
bowlders, and a former owner had used what 
stones he did not need for his ditches in 
fence building. We began by plowing around 
(lie tield, continuing until the center was 
reached. In starting one man drove the oxen 
or horses and another held the plow for the 
first two furrows, and then one man finished 
the jol). The next time we plowed this field 
we proceeded in the same way. The third 
time when we seeded down with rye and grass 
or grass alone we threw out two furrows and 
then plowed around as above, throwing the 
first furrow against the two thrown out from 
the fence. Our rotation was corn, oats or pota¬ 
toes and rye or grass in seeding down. The 
result of this manner of plowing was to leave 
a broad, deep dead furrow in the center of the 
field and also deep diagonal furrows to the 
ends of tills furrow from the four corners of 
tlie field. It also piled (lie dirt high up near 
tlie fences, requiring tlie harrow to lie run 
several times around the field near the fence 
to level as much as possible the ridge that 
was formed there before the seed was sown. 
1 left the pir.ee just as I was about to try a 
remedy for the above troubles. I Intended be¬ 
ginning my plowing in the middle of the field, 
throwing two furrows into the dead furrows 
(the center and diagonal ones) and then con¬ 
tinue plowing from center to outside of field. 
This it was hoped would level the whole field, 
including the ridge around the fences. By al¬ 
ternating the above two methods, plowing to 
the outside and to the center, the field would 
certainly maintain its original shape of sur¬ 
face. Why did we plow r around the fields? 
I think that we thought plowing around and 
around the field was quicker than plowing In 
lands. In fact, we knew nothing about plow¬ 
ing in lands. Mill jou describe the plowing 
of a field in lands, giving measurements, if 
any? Also give your opinion and perhaps 
that of your readers as to the best way to 
plow’ a field 
Ans. —The most practical way we have 
found for plowing land to do away with 
dead furrows and back furrows is to use 
the reversible sulky plow. Our fields are 
small, stony, hilly and surrounded by 
stone walls, yet upon these fields we are 
able to do better work with the reversible 
sulky plow than with any other plow we 
have tried. The land is left level. The 
plow has sufficient weight so that it holds 
to the ground better than a lighter plow 
would do. We have made some use of 
the hillside plow, but we have never yet 
found one in which the shape of the 
mold-board was entirely satisfactory, and 
as a result the plow does not pulverize the 
ground as it should do. We can, how¬ 
ever, highly recommend the sulky plow 
for this work. l. a. clinton. 
Conn. Exp. Station. 
Size of Transplanted Onions.— There 
has been some discussion as to the best 
size for onion plants that are to be trans¬ 
planted. Fig. 267, page 630, shows the 
size we like best at Hope Farm. We 
have used smaller plants, and larger ones 
as well, but if possible we would like them 
about as shown- The top is cut back and 
‘lie onion planted a little above the bulb 
in a small hole—the earth firmly pressed 
around it. There are many advantages in 
transplanting. By sterilizing the soil and 
using sulphur we can avoid much Onion 
smut, and by keeping the beds covered 
we have little trouble with maggots. 
Transplanting is really easier than hand 
weeding, and the onions grow to large 
size. 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
PEACH BASKETS 
2, 4, 6, 8,10,12,14 and 16 Qt. Sizes. 
PEACH GRATES 
Six Basket Georgia Carriers. 
Picking Baskets 
Made of Oak. Smooth and Durable. 
Write for Quotations and New Catalogue. 
COLES & COMPANY, 
109 and III Warren Street, 
NEW YORK. 
Established 1884. Telephone 3751 Cortlandt. 
POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANTS. 
MAXIMUS, MEAD and over 20 other choice varieties 
now ready. Descriptive list with instructions howto 
care for so as to get berries next June, sent on request. 
KARNES BROTHERS NURSERY, 
Box S, Yalesvillc, Conn. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTSiiu'eSTom™,; 
plant 1900 $1.00 per 100. List free. 
KEVITT'S PI. A NT FARM, Athenia, N. J. 
Potted Strawberry Plants 
Garden Tools, Spray Pumps, 
Spray Mixtures. Booklet free. 
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J, 
FRUIT TREES 
A full list of all kinds. Small Fruits. Strawberry 
Plants a Specialty. Ornamental Stock. California 
Privet and Fancy Stock. We will send a fully illus¬ 
trated Catalogue Free. Address all communications 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
CHOICEST FRUIT 
and Ornamental Tree*, Shrub*, Rime*, 
Plant* and Hulb*. Catalogue No. 1 freo to 
purchaser* of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. 
No 3 free to buyers of Holland and other 
Bulbs, Hardy Plant* and Vines. Koici, 
Fern*, Palm* and Greenhouse Goods in 
Try us Will give you a square deal and 
guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited. 
62 years; 44 greenhouses; 1200 acres. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. 
BOX 13, PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 
BUDS! 
general 
PEACH, APPLE, PEAR, PLUM. 
Buds ready July 1st. Send for list to-day. 
Harrisons Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Md. 
K FRUIT BOOK 
shows in NATURAL COLORS and 
accurately describes 216 varieties of 
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬ 
bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
PURE 
GRASS SEED. 
Mr. GEORGE M. CLARK, Ihe Grass 
King, in his booklet on Hay Crops, refers 
to us as furnishing PURE SLED. On 
thanking him for the reference,he replies: 
“ I have found, by careful t st, that 
your seed is pure, and I am only too glad 
to recommend it to my friends.” 
We Handle Only the 
VERY HIGHEST GRADES 
Both as to Purity and Germination. 
We carry a full line of all cultivated 
and natural foreign and domestic sorts. 
Write us, stating kinds and quantities 
wanted, and we shall quote prices. 
Farmers are invited to consult us as to 
mixtures for permanent meadows and 
pastures. Our long experience enables us 
to recommend the species most suitable 
for any soil and situation. 
Y e have been over 100 years in business 
in New York. Catalogues free. 
J. M. THORBURN & CO., 
30 Cortlandt Street, New York. 
S EED WHEAT “INVINCIBLE.”—Has proved heavy 
y'elder, strong straw; very hardy; the practieal 
farmer s variety, fJ.50 bu.: 5bu. ormore $1.25. Sacks 
free. Cash with order. Geo.M.Talleot.Skaueateles.N.Y 
SEED WHEAT—DAWSON’S GOLDEN CHAFF 
Best Bald Wheat grown. I offer choice recleaned seed 
from a heavy yielding crop at $1.25 per bushel f. o. b, 
Bags, 15 cents. Bags free with five bushels or more. 
CHARLES BUCHAN, Stanley, N. Y. 
BEST SEED WHEATS 
Always come from the famous Maplewood Seed 
Wheat Farms. Always pure, clean, highest vitality, 
thoroughly regraded. Some wonderful new ones this 
year. Our Catalogue No. 15 tells all about them; how 
and why they come to ho the best. Cost but a postal. 
Get it. now. 
Maplewood Seed Wheat Farms, Allegan. Mich. 
LJ A I — Crimson Clover Seed, 
■ CL $5.50 per bushel; Cow 
Peas. $1.75 bushel. J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
Selected Winter Rye 
Carefully graded and free from weed seeds, $1.00 per 
bushel; five bushels or more. DO eents Bags free. 
HEATON ORCHARDS. W. Kingston, R. I. 
DANSY Mine Perret, Genuine; gold medal. Hardy 
1 White Welsh Onion: all kinds of seeds for florists 
and market gardeners. BEAULIEU,Woodlinven, N.Y. 
GOLD COIN SEED WHEAT for sale: 
$ 1.10 
per hush, f.o.b, 
here; hags extra. Yield 33 bushels this year. Also, 
O. I. C. PIGS. J. D. DATES, Ludlowville. N. Y. 
PURE MEALY SEED WHEAT. 
J905 Crop, $1.20 per bushel, f. o. b. car; bags free. 
Recleaned, free from rust and weevil. 
G. G. GRISWOLD, Madison. Lake County, Ohio. 
CRIMSON GLOVER 
price of seed on roquest. 
The great soil improver. Valu¬ 
able also for early green food, 
grazing and hay crop. Speeiaj 
circular freo, also samplo and 
HENRY A. DRKKR, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penna* 
HAIRY VETCH. 
Bushel, GO pounds, $6; 
Two bushels, $10. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, 
DANSVILLE, N Y. 
DWYER S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and 
P rorl nrp a Full Crnn ir» IQOfi Some of the flnest berry patches in America owe success to 
r,UUUtC d run m our vigorous stock. Pot-grown plants have been our specialty 
for many years. If you want fruit next season, order now. We have a full line of FRUIT AND ORNA¬ 
MENTAL TREES, PLANTS, VINES, ETC., for Fall planting—all grown on our home grounds and 
guaranteed healthy and true to name. We also do LANDSCAPE GARDENING in all its branches 
Oureatalogne mailed free. Write now. T. J.DWYER& COMPANY, 1’. O. BOX 1, CORN WALL,N.Y 
Grown STRAWBERRIES 
We shall have our usual supply of fine plants ready about August 1. Plants set out In August 
will yield a good crop next season. A list of the best varieties with correct descriptions mailed 
on requfbt. 05th Year. 
ELLWAWCER A BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. 
Ue^ron^^cale^Jikw^n^Choic^Varietles. 
Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries 
MYER Si SON, IJridg-eville, Del. 
Thoroughbred High Quality Apples. 
The growing and breeding of finest types of high quality Winter Apples is our special line. Our select list 
r r f FiY-V?, s .'■ interest the careful grower who is working for the production of the BEST APPLES IN 
1 H B \\ ORLI) Our new TREE BREEDER ready soon, is free. 
THE TREE B EliDERS. ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y 
TREES 
8l5 PER IOO FRFIfiHT PAIR A I>ple, Pear ' Plum, < berry, Peach and Carolina 
rnuun I > HIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated. 
Allkindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Rememberwe beat all other reliable 
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y. 
OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT 
0O nn* York Imperial and 56 other leading varieties of apples, embracing over 200,000 trees bred to 
U U UUU bear and yield results; also a full assortment of Peach, Pear, Cherry, Plum and Quince trees, 
Grape Vines, Currants, and other small fruits. Roses and Shrubbery. Stock the very best, and prices the 
lowest. No scale or disease. If you are going to plant one tree or Ten Thousand this Fall, don’t fail to 
write us before placing your order. Catalogue and price list mailed on request. 
THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., Confluence, Penn. 
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