824 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
November 18 , 
SOIL STERILIZATION. 
The accompanying diagrams, repro¬ 
duced, with their descriptions, from the 
American Florist, will interest those who 
wish to use steam in soil sterilization. 
The invention of R. W. Cartter, of West 
Springfield, Mass., is of simple design and 
can be made of common zinc pipe or tin, 
some 2J4 inches in diameter, with holes 
punched at frequent intervals throughout. 
Six or seven runs of such pipe united 
throughout and banded together a foot 
apart can, if arranged in from 10 to 15- 
foot lengths, be handled conveniently. Of 
course, one end must be open for connec¬ 
tion. This form of apparatus provides a 
cheap method for the operation. It is evi¬ 
dent, however, that a considerable vol¬ 
ume of steam is required, although little 
pressure is needed. Another incident in 
the operation of this form of apparatus is 
the fact that in sterilization the soil will 
have to be stacked over the pipes, so as to 
get the full benefit of the expenditure of 
steam. Some operators stack up to the 
amount of two feet of soil by placing 
boards around to hold in place. The 
steam is then turned on until the whole 
mass is well sterilized. The soil is then 
spread out and the apparatus moved on 
and the plan repeated. This method 
means considerable labor in shoveling the 
soil, but otherwise it is cheap and remark¬ 
ably effective 
The invention of Sargent presents a 
feasible method to overcome the expense 
incident to the removal of the soil. As 
will be seen in the illustration, harrow¬ 
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like prongs about a foot in length extend 
from the pipes above and are perforated 
with small holes. The prongs are pressed 
in the soil and a strong pressure of steam 
is used. The entire apparatus is made of 
one-inch iron pipe and should be well 
banded together, so the wear and tear of 
moving and forcing in the ground does 
not impair the arrangement. It is also 
well to have an oilcloth sheet to spread 
over when at work, so that escaping steam 
may help serve the purpose of sterilizing. 
Various other methods are in use and 
consist mostly of individual inventions or 
preferences, but hold mainly to the "two 
styles explained. The soil is usually ster¬ 
ilized in the early Fall after the crop of 
cucumbers or tomatoes is past and in 
preparation for the early planting of let¬ 
tuce. A barrel is sometimes used for ster¬ 
ilizing; zinc pipes two inches in diameter, 
well perforated, well tapering to point, 
will, with a small head of steam, do the 
work satisfactory. 
A necessary warning is the stimulation 
the plants receive when growing in ster¬ 
ilized soil; the growth will be much quick¬ 
er and soft, and to avoid the dissatisfac¬ 
tion of such growth often resulting in 
coming balloon-headed, the night temper¬ 
ature must be considerably reduced, say 
eight or 10 degrees lower than ordinarily 
applied. This does not keep back the 
crop, but counteracts the stimulating in¬ 
fluence. 
PEACHES FOR EASTERN NEW YORK 
R., Rockland Co., N. Y .—Next Spring I 
wish to plant a small peach orchard of 300 
trees, but am at a loss to know which are 
the best varieties to market in my home 
town. I want the best and most suitable 
for this locality, Rockland County, of early, 
midseason and late varieties, beginning 
about August and giving a continuous suc¬ 
cession to about September 15, after which 
it is difficult to sell peaches in our local 
market, except in small quantities. My 
trade prefers a yellow peach, and for the 
midseason and late varieties they must be 
freestone. 
Our experience with varieties ripening 
earlier than Mountain Rose and Cham¬ 
pion has not been satisfactory. I should 
begin with a few Waddell, followed by 
Champion, Elberta, Chairs Choice and 
Stevens Rareripe. E. w. barns. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
A list of peaches for Rockland County 
would not differ much from what is 
grown here by the best growers, named 
in the order of ripening: Mountain Rose, 
Champion, Carman, Elberta, Waddell, 
Willett, Stevens, Reeves Favorite, Sal- 
way, Ray. This last requires better 
treatment than many, but gives good re¬ 
sults when suited. All will depend more 
or less on the soil, care and not the least, 
the man to make a success. N. H. 
I am planting almost no yellow peaches 
to ripen before the Elberta season, which 
begins here about September 12. We 
want no more Admiral Dewey, Alexander, 
Triumph or Crosby, and no Reeves un¬ 
less of a very profitable strain. Crawford, 
Early and Late did well as usual with 
us this year, and 1 think well of the Yel¬ 
low St. John and Niagara, but wish to 
see more of them before planting heavily. 
The white peaches certainly lead in the 
season mentioned; Carman, Waddell, 
Mountain Rose, and Champion preferred. 
Rockland Co., N. Y. s. b. huested. 
Renewing a Massachusetts Orchard. 
II., Concord, Mass .—On the hillside sloping 
to the southeast, in the rear of my house, 
there have been apple orchards for the great¬ 
er part of the last hundred years. Last 
year I had the few trees then standing, but 
of very little value, removed. The field this 
year has been planted with corn. But I wish 
another orchard on it, and I shall be 
grateful for answers to the following ques¬ 
tions: Would I better set out trees this 
Fall, next Spring, or cultivate the field an¬ 
other year? If the latter what would I bet¬ 
ter plant or sow? Would it be well to sow 
clover and plow it in for fertilizing the 
ground? Can I advantageously plant peach 
trees between the apple trees, which will be 
at least 40 feet apart? Which are the best 
six varieties of apples for this region? I 
prefer apples for Fall and Winter use rather 
than Summer apples. 
A ns. —There is no reason why a new 
orchard should not succeed upon the 
land in question, if it is properly fitted. 
If the trees must be planted this Fall or 
next Spring a liberal amount of stable 
manure must be applied and plowed un¬ 
der, or if applied to a hoed crop next 
season it will give good results. If plant¬ 
ing need not be done for a year I would 
suggest the following treatment for se¬ 
curing the necessary organic matter (hu¬ 
mus )in the soil. This Fall, as soon as 
possible, sow with rye. 1 his will hold 
the soil in place, take up the nitrogen 
found in the soil and supply a fair 
crop to turn under about the middle of 
May. Then 1 would sow peas and oats 
to be turned under about August 1, this 
tp be followed by peas and barley, which 
will grow up to November or later, cover 
the ground during the Fall and Winter, 
and be ready to turn under the following 
Spring. If it is desirable to plant the 
trees next Fall the peas and barley may 
be turned under in the Fall. This treat¬ 
ment is inexpensive, supplies a large 
amount of organic matter, and puts the 
land in the best possible condition for the 
growth of young trees or any other culti¬ 
vated crop that may be planted between 
them. Fall planting is advisable when 
mature trees can be obtained before the 
middle of November, but I would not 
plant later than this in New England. 
Peaches may be grown among the apple 
trees if the land is high and not too heavy, 
but a northern or western slope would 
be better. On low land little profit may 
be expected from the growth of the 
peach. Forty feet is about right for 
small-growing trees like the Wealthy, 
Hubbardston, etc., but 50 feet would be 
better for the Baldwin, Gravenstein, King, 
etc. If peaches are not planted upon the 
land double-thick planting, 20 x 20 or 25 
x 25 feet, is advisable with the present 
low price of apple trees. For profit in 
New England I would plant for Fall, 
Astrachan, Wealthy and Gravenstein. For 
Winter the Baldwin, Hubbardston, R. I. 
Greening and Roxbury Russet. 
S. T. MAYNARD. 
FARMERS' INSTITUTES IN NEW 
YORK STATE. 
List of Farmers' Institutes to be held in 
New York State 
during December. 
1905. 
Place. 
CODXTY. 
Date. 
Red Creek . 
.. Wayne . 
Dec. 1-2 
Newfield . 
. .Tompkins . 
_ 1-2 
Pavilion . 
. .Genesee . 
Union Centre . 
It room e .. 
.. .. 4 
Darien . 
.. Genesee . 
... 4 
Duanesburg .... 
..Schenectady .. . 
_ 4-5 
Williamson . 
. . Wayne . 
_ 4-5 
Jacksonville . . . . 
.. Tompkins . 
_ 4-5 
Deposit . 
. . Broome . 
Marllla . 
..Erie . 
5 
Lincoln . 
.. Wayne .. 
6 
Bowmansville . • • 
... 6-7 
. . . 6-7 
Bainbridge . 
..Chenango .- 
. .. 6-7 
Dsperanee . 
.. Schoharie . 
6-7 
Webster . 
.. Monroe . 
. . . 7-8-9 
Watkins . 
.. Schuyler . 
_ 8-9 
Walton . 
. . I tela ware. 
... 8-9 
Gallupville . 
. . . 8-9 
Elba . 
. .Genesee . 
_ 8-9 
Preston Hollow . 
..Albany . 
_ 11 
Orchard Park ... 
. .Erie . 
... 1 1-12 
Hilton . 
. . Monroe . 
... 11-12 
Tyrone . 
Downsville . 
.. Delaware . 
... 1112 
Medusa . 
. .Albany . 
12 
Andes . 
. . I )p 1 h ware . 
... 13 
I’ekin . 
13 
Norton Hill .... 
13 
Kendall . 
. .Orleans . 
. . .13-14 
Manchester . 
..Ontario . 
... 13-14 
Pendleton Centre 
..Niagara . 
... 14 
Windham . 
..Greene . 
14 
Ilaleottsville .... 
..Delaware . 
. . .14-15 
Johnson's Creek . 
..Niagara . 
Oak Hill . 
. .Greene . 
. .. 15-16 
Rushville . 
. . Yates . 
. . .15-16 
Gilboa . 
.. Schoharie . 
... 16 
Davenport . 
..Delaware . 
, ... 18 
Wolcott . 
. .Wayne . 
Bristol Springs . 
..Ontario . 
... 18-19 
Medina . 
..Orleans . 
. . .18-19 
Sharon Springs . 
..Schoharie . 
. . .18-19 
Schenevtis . 
.. (ttsego . 
()swego . 
. . (tswego . 
. .. . 20 
Ionia . 
..Ontario . 
20 
West Laurens . . 
..otsego . 
... 21 
Holley .. 
..Orleans . 
. . . 20-21 
East Worcester . 
. .Otsego . 
.. . 20-21 
Morris .. 
.. Otsego . 
21 
South West Oswego.Oswego . 
. . . 21 
Clifton Springs . 
..Ontario . 
21 
Hannibal . 
. Oswego . 
99 .«>•{ 
Seneca Castle ... 
.. (tntario . 
99 ,9.9 
Edmeston . 
..Otsego . 
99.*} 3 
Gilbertsville .... 
..Otsego . 
99-23 
Spencersport . ,. 
. . Monroe . 
. . .22 23 
“Rush Market Reports" in “Rush Time” 
mean greater profits for you. 
WILLIAMS FARM TELEPHONE 
is for BUSINESS. Pays for itself in a short 
time. Gives permanent service. You can build 
your own lines—we furnish telephones and all 
line material. Write to-day for complete infor¬ 
mation. The Williams Telephone & Supply Co-. 
78 Central Avenue, Cleveland, O. 
TELEPHONE 
Facts for Farmers 
Send for free hook 102-A. It contains 
telephone facts that are money-savers 
Stromberg - Carlson Tel. Mfg. 
Co., Rochester, N.Y., Chicago,!!!* 
FOR FARMERS’ LINES 
Buy from the manufacturer. Build 
your own lines. Book of instructions 
for 10c.in stamps. Write nearest office. 
THE NORTH ELECTRIC CO. 
152 St. Clair St.,Cleveland, O. 
440 Maine St., Dallas, Texas. 
850,000 
GRAPEVINES 
100 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, A-e. Best root¬ 
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c. 
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FRED0N1 A,N. Y. 
FRUIT TREES THAT GROW 
and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock. 
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS 
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30 
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and 
free catalogue without delay. 
Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. 
DEAUI.IEU'S HARDY White Onion, Welsh On- 
ion, my specialities. 3 kinds cabbage seed, L. I. 
grown; forcing radish and lettuce, French seeds. 
You know very well that France produces the best 
seeds imported; Dahlias, etc. BEAULIEU, Wood- 
haven, Long Island. N. Y. 
WANT f rom :i -000 to 5,000 apple trees, two years 
If HlV I old. Mostof them Johnson’s Fine Winter, 
balance Bon Davis and Winesaps. Give lowest cash 
price. J. H. RANKIN, Stuarts Draft, Va. 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
THE TEST 
of a Range Is In, 
the Baking 
You’ve seen the' 
Sterling Exhibit. 
SILL STOVE WORKS 
Rochester, N. Y. 
m 
D 
ERCK/m/S TREES 
Are as good as the best. 50 years'in 
business is our guarantee. 
Catalog Free. 
P. J. BERCKMJWS CO.. Inc., 
Fruitland Nurseries. AUGUSTA, GA. 
460 acres in Trees and Shrubs. Established 1856. 
ALFALFA HAY 
Car lots. J. E, 
TYING & BROS.. 
Mechanicsburg.O. 
Harrison’s -|ygL 
Fruit Trees Wm 
Plant select stock, your reward ■( ''JfuMpMn 
will come. Nothing that’s only YL 
ordinary ever goes out from 
Harrison’s. 
YYc Want the Trade of People 
Who Want the Best. 
We cover the field of Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum 
and Shade Trees. Also Grapes 
an< ^ Strawberries—over 1,000 
acres. It pays to get acquaint- 
ulfmt' w *th Harrison trees. 1905 
I*' 1 " it/ jvgcatalog goes free wherever in- 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, 
'•■i*'ty.fi* Box 29, Berlin, Md. 
* 
1 
A All and other FRUIT TREES at whole- 
* r n|iN sale prices. Circular free. R. S. 
■"****■■ JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley. Del. 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET. 
This most popular hedge plant, as well as all other 
kinds of ornamental and general nursery stock. 
Catalogue FREE. Address. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Higlitstown,|N, J. 
SAN JOSE SCALE 
and other INSECTS killed by 
GOODS 
Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3 
Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment 
Stations. This soap is a Fert ilizer as well as an Insecti¬ 
cide. 5'1-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel, 
2701b.,3?4cper .b; barrel,4251b..3Hc. Send for booklet. 
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 
939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
TREE PROTECTORS 
75c. per IOO- $5 per IOOO 
Send for free samples and testimonials. 
Do not wait until Rabbits and Mice 
ruin your trees. 
WRITE US TO-DAY, 
Hart Pioneer Nurseries, 
Fort Scott, Kans. Box 73. 
BARTLETT PEARS 
these as well as all kinds of Early A DDT T7Q 
have paid well this season. We TAF 1 1_/L5 0 
have a fine stock of both : also a full line of Nursery 
stock. Catalogue free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
RUBY RED RASPBERRY. 
This grand berry has again proven itself to he the 
best for profit. A fine stock of plants for Fall setting 
for sale. Price list ami circular upon application. 
C. (i. VEL1E & SON. 
Valley View Fruit Farm, Marlboro, N, Y. 
APPLE 
and other FRUIT TREES at whole¬ 
sale prices. Cat. free. Freight paid. 
MITCHELL, BEVERLY, OHIO. 
KFRUITBOOK 
shows in NATURAL COLORS and 
accurately describes 216 varieties of 
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri- 
’ bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
HOYT IS AT THE HEAD 
With a large and most complete stock of 
Fruit, Forest, Ornamental and Evergreen 
Trees. Vines, Shrubbery. Roses, California 
Privet, Asparagus and Berry plants. 200 
acres in cultivation with Nursery Trees. 
This stock is healthy and fine. Send us 
your list of wants and let us price it. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for our 
FREE Catalogue. Address, 
THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., 
NEW CANAAN, CONN. 
TREES 
pep inn FREIGHT PAID A PP le - Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina 
rCn IW, rntlHnl rHIU Poplars, healthy, true to name ami fumi.-ated. 
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable 
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery,Box 10, Geneva, N.Y. 
THOROUGHBRED HIGH QUALITY APPLES. 
The BEST KINDS and the BEST TREES in the world. If this is what you want, drop a line to 
ROGERS OKT THE HILL. 
Tire Apple Breeder, _Dansvillo, TNT. Y. 
PRATT’S ** SCALECIDE” Petroleum 
Guaranteed to Kill San Jose Scale Without Injury to the Tree. 
Prof. John B. Smith. Entomologist New Jersey Experiment Station, writes of “ 8 ’ALECIDE;'’ “I be¬ 
lieve that applied at the right time and in a thorough manner, this is as good, if not a better remedy, for 
this pernicious insect, than any we have up to the resent time.” 
Add one gal.' • SGALEelDK ” to 20 gals, of water, etir, and it Is ready for use, no boiling. Price 50 cents 
per gal. in barrels, 10 gal. cans, $6,00; 5 gal. cans, $3.25; lgal- oans,$1.00. Be sure to get the BEST and the 
CHEAPEST. For circulars address B. G. PRATT COMPANY, 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
