1005. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
845 
SOME CALIFORNIA THRASHING 
METHODS. 
I recently read in Hope Farm Notes 
the advice to use flails or clubs for thrash¬ 
ing sunflower seed. This brings to mind 
some of the thrashing methods I saw in 
my recent trip to California. For large 
crops there the power thrasher, fitted 
with electric lights, holds the lead, but 
for small crops I saw some more primi¬ 
tive methods being used, which were 
quite interesting. For small lots of seed, 
such as a crop of sunflower, onions, etc., 
the heads were spread on large pieces of 
canvas and crushed out with the farm 
roller. For beans the dried plants (bush 
type) were spread in a circle, and a light 
wagon with two horses on head and two 
more hitched behind was driven around 
the circle to thrash out the seed. On the 
Lima bean ranches, a level smooth floor 
is made with a plank drag, the bean 
vines thickly spread to a depth of a foot 
or more and a disk harrow driven repeat¬ 
edly over the vines to thrash out the 
beans. So universal is this method that 
disk harrows are at a premium at this 
season of the year, and I was told that 
it is almost impossible to borrow one, as 
they are bespoken two and three deep in 
advance of the thrashing season. Of 
couse the soil is hard and dry at this 
season, and the beans are readily swept 
up from the thrashing floor of earth and 
cleaned in an ordinary fanning mill. An¬ 
other point which will probably interest 
you is that all wire fences seemed to be 
in excellent condition, probably due to 
the dry climate, and the railroads are 
fenced with wire right across the top of 
the barest and most desolate mountains. 
E. D. DARLINGTON. 
THE LADYBIRD AND THE SCALE. 
Many readers will remember that several 
years ago the Department of Agriculture 
Imported from North China specimens of a 
ladybird beetle which lived upon scale insects. 
It was fondly hoped (hat this insect would 
breed and thrive in this country and spread 
so as to help control the San Jose scale. 
The following report shows how these hopes 
have been blasted. 
in the very orchards where it was doing 
its best work. As a consequence all the 
beetles starved, or their numbers were 
greatly reduced. The local stock of lady¬ 
birds in Washington practically disap¬ 
peared with t’’e gradual extermination of 
scale food and by the action of parasites, 
and while colonies were sent out from 
the South for a time longer, the effect of 
spraying operations soon made it almost 
impossible to collect there for distribu¬ 
tion, and the Department has discon¬ 
tinued attempting artificially to extend the 
range of this imported beetle. There 
seems, however, to be little doubt that 
the beetle has maintained itself in many 
districts in the South, and its usefulness 
will probably increase from year to year. 
It so closely resembles a native species, 
Chilocorus bivulnerus, that even an ex¬ 
pert cannot distinguish the adult insects, 
although in the larval stages the two can 
be separated. The imported insect is a 
much more prolific one than the native 
species, having three or four broods a 
year instead of one or possibly two in 
the case of the native insect. It will be 
seen from this experience that spraying 
and ladybird colonizing or work with 
other natural enemies does not get on 
well together. Furthermore, the interests 
of commercial fruit growing necessitate 
spraying to keep the fruit clean. Natural 
Maple Sugar Makers 
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One man can operate any 
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until Spring. 
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prices. 
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Evaporator Works, 
Warren, Ohio. 
Stylish 
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Latest styles, newest 
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from factory to user at 
factory prices. 
Kalamazoo Axle Runners. 
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Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Co., 
Box 220, Kalamazoo, Mich. 
THE 
COLUMBUS 
Gas and Gasoline 
Engines. 
Simple, effective, 
easily started and 
adjusted. 
Columbus Machine Co. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
Send for Catalogue 
No. 62. 
WONDER GASOLINE ENGINES 
Lightest in weight. Fewest 
working parts. Simplest in 
construction. Anyone can 
set it up and learn to run it 
in lu minutes. About one- 
lialf price of other engines 
of equal power. Yon can 
try it free. Write to-day. 
R. M. COHN WELL CO.. 
444 So. Salina Street. 
Syracuse, New York, 
Cider Machinery—Send for Catalogue to Boomer & 
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St.,Syracuse, N.Y. 
Greatest Wood-Sawyer on Earth 
Does more work, saws more wood 
and makes more money than any 
other outfit at twice its cost 
Send for Catalogue MU . 
Stoddard Mfg. Co. . Rutland, Vt. 
100 Gallons 
30 Feat 
1 Cent 
Name. 
Town. 
F airbarvks-Morse 
Domestic Water Supply 
Provides all the conveniences of city water 
works at moderate cost 
Gas, Gasoline or Kerosene Engines for all purposes 
from 2 h. p. up. 
Cut out complete advertisement and send to 
FaLirba-nks, Morse (Si Co. 
Morvroe St. Chicago, III. 
Please send me Illustrated Catalogue No. W 598 
Gasoline Engines. 
I may want.h. p. to_ 
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A Never Failing Water Supply, 
The Asiatic ladybird enemy of the San 
Jose scale (Chilocorus similis), when 
first imported, gave great promise of use- 
• fulness in the little experimental orchard 
under our control on the Department 
grounds, and multiplied enormously, and 
a great many colonies were sent out both 
to northern and southern regions. The 
next year, unfortupately, a native fly 
parasitic on ladybird larvae began to at¬ 
tack the imported beetle in the Wash¬ 
ington colony, and nearly exterminated it. 
In the meanwhile, however, the beetle had 
obtained very promising foothold in sev¬ 
eral orchards in Georgia, multiplying in 
one orchard in a single season from a 
few individuals to some 30,000 or 40,000. 
A great many additional colonies were 
sent ’out during 1903, both from Wash¬ 
ington and from Georgia. None of the 
colonies sent to the Northern States, that 
is, north of Washington, became estab¬ 
lished nor gave any useful results, and 
subsequent experience has confirmed the 
belief that there is little likelihood of 
marked usefulness for this beetle for the 
northern fruit regions. It is possible, 
however, that if it becomes well estab¬ 
lished in the South, it will gradually work 
north and develop a northern race, as 
have many other insects which have slow¬ 
ly extended their range from the South 
northward in this country. At the time 
that this beetle began to demonstrate its 
probable considerable usefulness in Geor¬ 
gia and elsewhere in the South, the prac¬ 
tical value of the lime, sulphur, and salt 
wash became fully established, and all 
commercial orchards were regularly sub¬ 
jected to spraying operations with this 
mixture. The result was that the scale 
food of the imported beetle was almost 
completely destroyed, and this was true 
WELCOME HOME ! 
enemies will at best only mitigate the evil, 
and now that an effective and fairly in¬ 
expensive tree wash for this scale has 
been discovered, we are strongly recom¬ 
mending everyone who has any orchard 
interests of value to spray regularly rath¬ 
er than trust to control by natural 
enemies. l. o. Howard. 
Chief of Bureau. 
CEDAR RUST ON FRUIT. 
Every year we are asked what connec¬ 
tion cedar trees have with apple disease. 
A bulletin from the Nebraska Station 
(Lincoln), has discussed this matter. A 
disease known as Cedar rust has two 
stages of growth. During the Summer 
it appears on the foliage, twigs and fruit 
of the apple—some varieties showing it 
more than others. During the Fall and 
Winter the germs of this disease infest 
the foliage and twigs of cedar trees, 
where it appears as the well-known “cedar 
apples,” or small brown knots. When 
warm weather comes these knots grow 
out into thread-like tubes, which grow 
into large, sticky tongues of an orange- 
yellow color. From these spores are car¬ 
ried to apple trees, so that the disease 
lives its life of Winter upon the cedars 
and Summer upon the apples. The most 
practical remedy is to cut down the cedar 
trees which grow near apple orchards. 
It was found in Nebraska that a number 
of varieties, including Wealthy. Jonathan 
and Missouri Pippin are quite inclined 
to Cedar rust. 
wun aosoiute saiety, at small cost may be baa by using 
Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and 
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine. 
Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu¬ 
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. 
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 
30 years ago being still in active service. 
Send stamp for “ C4 ' Catalogue to nearest office 
RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO., 
35 Warren St., New York. <*' 239 Franklin St., Boston 
40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 234 Craig St.,West, Montreal,P.Q. 
40 North 3th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitta St., Sydney, N. S. W. 
Teuiente-Key 11, Havana. Cuba. 
DeLOACH PATENT 
Avoid imitators and infringers and buy the Genuine. Saw 
Mills. 4 H. P. and up. Shingle, Planing, Lath and Corn 
Mills; four Stroke Hay Presses. Water Wheels. 
Catalog free. We pay the freight. 
DeLOACII MILL M’F’G. CO., Box 303. Atlanta, Ga. 
WE GUARANTEE 
2-Roll, 
4-Roll, 
and 
6-Roll, 
Diwn o< Mounfef. 
Write to-day /or 
/ret Catalogue, 
APPLETON 
that under the 
same conditions 
. „ . as to power and 
speed applied, condition of corn, etc.. 
The Appleton v 
Corn Husker 
will do more and better work thSB any other ma¬ 
chine of like character and corresponding eizo „n 
the market, that it is simpler in construction; easier 
In every way to operate; easier and safer to feed and 
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proof or those claims is sent tor the asking We 
make also a complete line of sweep and tread horBe 
powers, shelters, ensilage and fodder cutters, feed 
grinders wood saws, windmills, etc. itcinember 
that Appleton quality Is the staudardof excellence. 
TILE DBAIHED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE — 
Carries off surplus water; 
.... . admits air to the soil., in¬ 
creases the value. Acres of swampy land reclaimed and made fertile. 
- 1 V/® 1 ," 1 LI® meet* every requirement. We also make Sewer 
'TW 1 1 P e \ Ke , d and Fire Brick,Chimney Tops,Encaustic Side Walk Tile,etc. Write 
for what you want and prices. JOUK H. JACKSON, 76 Third A™., ijbaoy, N y. 
DON’T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES 
.T- , _°- n - e * cyl ; m '" en S‘?. cs (.revolutionizing gas power. Costs Less to Buy_and_Less to Run. Quickly, easily started. 
tionary or traction. 
UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE 
“THE MASTER WORKMAN.” 
. . a two-cylinder gasoline engine superior to 
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an 
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