1905. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
875 
STREAKS IN BUTTER. 
What is the cause of streaks in butter? 
Is it due to salt not being thoroughly worked 
in? e. s. l . 
Madison, Ind. 
In spite of some recent experiments by 
the Geneva Experiment Station, I believe 
one of the most frequent causes of streaks 
in butter is due to lack of a thorough 
distribution and dissolving of the salt. I 
would advise the questioner to write the 
Station for the bulletin on the above. If 
the weather is cold, and the salt 10 to 20 
degrees colder than the butter, it will be 
very slow to dissolve, and so being un¬ 
evenly distributed, the butter will show 
light spots or streaks where there is no 
salt to deepen the color. As evidence of 
this, take two pounds of butter from the 
same churning, salt one, and leave the 
other unsalted, and note the difference in 
color. 1 find it wise to salt the butter 
granules in the churn; in cold weather 
the temperature there is much warmer 
and more uniform than on the worker. 
I also warm the salt. Another good 
general rule is always to wash the but¬ 
ter with water as warm as can be used 
and keep the granules in form. Some¬ 
times insufficient working is the trouble. 
As a rule there is liability to work too 
much rather than too little. The above 
suggestions followed will do away with 
unnecessary working. All that is needed 
is to get the buttermilk out—and this can 
best be done in the churn by proper 
washing—and then compact the butter to 
about the grain of fine steel. 
Improper ripening and temperature of 
the cream may be another cause. Or the 
cream may have in it too large an amount 
of casein or skim-milk. This is most 
likely to occur in cream raised in the shal¬ 
low pan, or with some form of deep set¬ 
ting. Sometimes in the pan the cream is 
exposed too long to the air, and it be¬ 
comes dry, and will not churn into but¬ 
ter. '1 his can be prevented by laying a 
piece of manilla paper over the pans, or 
the cream can be strained through a wire 
cover. Sometimes the la’ter is difficult 
to do. I have answered the above ques¬ 
tion in a general way, because I do not 
know what method the questioner fol¬ 
lows in handling her cream from cow to 
churn. If she feels that any of the above 
does not meet her case, and will write 
more in detail as to methods and difficul¬ 
ties, I may be able to give more detailed 
information. edward van alstyne. 
HOW THEY SHIP LIVE STOCK. 
We make a specialty of Berkshires, and 
have but little knowledge of shipping any 
other kind of stock. Of course, hogs should 
be crated in every instance. We take an 
accurate measurement of the animal, and 
have the crate made so as to give a reason¬ 
able amount of room for comfort. If the 
hog is to go any distance, we have a trough 
in the crate and a chute, for convenient feed¬ 
ing and watering, and send with it enough 
feed for two meals per day. I am disposed 
to think that expressmen give reasonable at¬ 
tention to stock, especially if it is not too 
much trouble. We aim to make crates as 
strong as possible out of light-weight materi¬ 
al, as the cost of shipment is often a matter 
of financial Importance to the buyer, particu¬ 
larly on long distances. c. E. staiile. 
Gettysburg, Pa. 
I have found it profitable to ship by ex¬ 
press, not in amount paid out, so much, but 
saving larger animals, such as cows in 
milk, from injury; for instance three fresh 
cows I bought less than 00 miles away were 
shipped by freight. They were 60 hours in 
car, irregularly milked, fed and watered, and 
a week after are not fully over the trip. 
Froperly crated and by express could have 
been shipped after morning milking, and com¬ 
fortably housed and milked same evening, 
at a cost of not over 25 per cent extra. In 
my figuring, a profit to me, am I right? All 
our crates are built from as strong and tough 
lumber as possible, as thin as consistent with 
safety. In blustery or cold weather, the 
crates are covered with old burlap sacks. 
It pays! Feeding, watering and care depends 
on the leisure and tender mercies of the 
express messengers, who as a whole give 
the best care in their power. The trouble in 
sending feed along is we have to pay express 
rates on it. I like the crate a reasonably 
close fit; space to move around Is bad. 
Pittsburg, Pa. n. r. shannon. 
If we ship by freight we always send a 
man in charge, having supplied the necessary 
feed before starting; but for single animals 
either large or small for any distance we 
consider shipping crated by express altogether 
the better way. We simply put them In a 
strong crate, allowing them room enough to 
lie down. The express company wll care for 
them in transit. This is much quicker, and 
usually as cheap when you take into con¬ 
sideration the man’s time and expenses re¬ 
quired if we ship by freight. I have shipped 
animals weighing from 100 to 2,000 pounds 
by express long distances, and have never 
had an accident. We remember shipping one 
that weighed over a ton to Illinois, on which 
the express was about $50; but you see that 
is cheaper than it would have been to ship 
by freight, taking into consideration the 
expenses of an attendant, t. a. mitchell. 
Weedsport, N. Y. 
I have shipped sheep and hogs almost 
everywhere in the United States. For sheep 
I make crate of light material, large enough 
so they lie down or stand up comfortably, 
but not wide enough so they can turn round. 
Leave space between slats at front end far 
enough apart so that sheep can stick nose 
through; then take some old or new gunny 
sack and tack over front end of crate. Nail 
solid at bottom, then nail up one side of 
crate to top, then begin at bottom of crate 
and nail sack so as to leave quite a bag 
between crate and sack; then fill the sack 
as full as possible of fine clover hay. If 
to go a long distance construct a box in 
front end of crate and fill with cabbage, 
beets or turnips, or anything green ; this will 
answer for anywhere in the United States. 
Fort Recovery, O. noah denny. 
Washed In 1 minute 
Connt the pieces — notice the dif¬ 
ference— and you’ll understand why the 
one who has to do the cleaning prefers the 
simple Sharpies Tubular. 
There are other advantages just as much 
in favor of the Tubular. Write today for 
catalog V-153—it tells you all about the gain, 
use, and choice of a separator. 
The Sharpies Separator Co. 
West Chester, Pa. 
Toronto, Can. Chicago, III. 
A Big Difference 
One minute’s Washing as compared to 
at least fifteen. Wouldn’t you like to save 
at least fourteen minutes twice a day? 
One minute with a cloth and brush cleans 
the absolutely simple Sharpies Dairy Tubular 
Cream Separator bowl shown in the upper 
picture. It takes fifteen minutes to half an hour 
with a cloth and something to dig out dents, 
grooves, corners and holes to clean other 
bowls—one of which is shown in lower picture. 
Washed In 15 to 30 minutes 
EXPERIENCE WITH FREEMARTINS. 
On page 771 E. W. W. mentions free- 
martins, and you ask for experience. I have 
had four pairs of twin cattle in the past few 
years. The first pair were both heifers and 
both raised calves. The last three pairs were 
each male and female. Of the first two I 
castrated each male and found conditions 
normal and perfect although neither heifer 
would breed. Of the last pair I saved the 
bull for service, but he met death by acci¬ 
dent a little under one year of age. so I 
do not know as to his breeding qualities. 
Ills twin sister Is on the place now, just past 
two years and has not bred so far. 
Michigan. r. h. mc ardle. 
On page 771 you ask for the experience of 
dairymen with “freeraartius.” In August, 
1901, we had a cow give birth to twin 
calves, a bull and heifer. When about 15 
months old it was discovered that the heifer 
only had two teats, and she was killed for 
beef. A careful examination revealed the 
fact that the organs of reproduction were en¬ 
tirely lacking, although there was no out¬ 
ward indication of anything unusual. 
Ruth, N. Y. b. h. c. 
Western Morgan Horses. —Many of your 
readers, I am sure, are interested in Morgan 
horses, but perhaps our New England brother 
will be somewhat surprised to know that in 
Missouri we are raising this strain of horses, 
of the finest and most approved type. I 
send a newspaper picture of two Morgan 
horses, sold a few days ago, for $2,750. They 
were bred in Columbia, Mo., winners of the 
roadsters pair championship at the World’s 
Fair, 1904. If we ever worship a four-footed 
animal, it will surely be a Morgan; full of 
spirit and ambition, endurance almost with¬ 
out limit, courageous as a lion, fearless and 
intelligent; gentle and loving as a child, 
with faultless form and action, he is every¬ 
where caressed and loved by women, and 
receives unstinted praise and admiration 
from men. r, q. l. 
Sedalia, Mo. 
BEATS THE 
Grindstone 
Ten Times Over. 
Grind any tool, knife to mower 
sickle, with the 
Practical 
Grinder. 
3,000 revolutions or 
carborundum wheel 
per minute. Greatest 
abrasive known. No 
pressure needed, does 
not draw temper or' 
heat tools. Every 1 
home needs it. Write 
for price and circu¬ 
lar. A few Rood 
agents wanted. 
ROYAL MFC, CO., 228 C, Walnut St., Lancaster, Pi 
A 
A Leffel Engine 
The stand-by wherever steam 
is used. Steam is the 
only dependable power. 
I.etfel Engines adapt it 
to farm uses. Horizon- 
lal. Upright, Portable. 
Famous for quick 
steaming on little fuel. 
Power when wanted, 
all you- want. He- 
fore 3 
power 
book, Power 
omy and E I 11 c 
ency. Mailed free. 
Write for It. 
The James 
Leffel ft Co., 
box 160, 
Springfield, Ohio. 
iHelght ONlC 
50 In., 
By this plan the N utlonal Sep¬ 
arator earns its own cost faster 
than you need it. Money refunded 
•ny time if machine fails to keep 
our promises. Write for full partic¬ 
ulars about this plan. The 
NATIONAL 
Separator skims to a trace; 
easiest to run, simplest to clean, 
most durable. Write for Book 50, 
which tells why. Agents wanted. 
The Hastings Industrial Co., 
General Sales Agents, 
La Salle A Lake Sts. , Chicago. | 
Manufactured by 
Katlonal Dairy Haehlae Co., 
Newark, N. J. 
Climax Carrier. 
CREAM IS MONEY 
HOW TO SAVE MORE OF IT 
It matters not whether you are sell¬ 
ing your cream or making it into but¬ 
ter at home, the more you have of it 
the greater your dairy profits will he. 
This fact is self-evident, yet many 
cow owners are daily wasting one- 
half their cream by the use of the old 
fashioned gravity setting process of 
skimming milk, and at the same time 
Feed, Ensilage, Litter. 
A stable help thnt saves labor. Brings feed from 
silo or bin to manger, carries manure from all 
stablings to same pile or dumps on wagon. Easy 
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel. 
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit 
any stable plan. Write for descriptive circular. 
Warsaw-Wilkinson Co., 
60 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y. 
H B » 1 a ■ oioe i r mine, r o xi n a . 
0 0 0 0 Built onco for all. Best 
preservers,most durable, 
models of convenience, 
cheapest in the end. We want agents. Special torms 
to granges and fanners’ clubs. INTERNATIONAL, 
SILO COMPANY, Box 52, Jefferson, Ohio. 
No More Blind Horses 
sore eyes, BARRY CO„IowaCity. Iowa, have sure auro 
wondering why their cows do not pay 
better. A DE LAVAL CREAM 
SEPARATOR would stop this 
waste and double the cash returns 
from the cows. If you own three or 
more cows you cannot afford to he 
without a DE LAVAL machine. 
It will lessen your work and expenses 
fully one-half and double your profits. 
By purchasing a DE LAVAL at 
once and using it through the coming 
winter season when butter prices are 
highest it will more than half pay for 
itself before spring. Every day’s 
delay in purchasing a DE LAVAL' 
means a loss of just so much money 
to you. Do not put it off but write 
to day for illustrated catalogue and 
name of nearest local agent. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
7 4 Cortlandt Street I Randolph & Canal Sts. 
NEW YORK | CHICAGO 
Farmtr’s Favorite 
Feed Cooker 
Is the model for cooking feed 
and best adapted to water heat¬ 
ing. apple butter and sugar 
making, etc.—a score of uses. 
It's mode to last. Weight 
greater than any other cooker 
of same low price. Write to¬ 
day for circular. 8 ent free on request. 
L. R. Lewis, 12 Main St. Cortland, N.Y. 
GRIND FINE OR COARSE 
all feeds, ear com, with or with¬ 
out husks, all grains, with the 
KELLY 
DUPLEX 
Grinding Mills 
Speediest, easiest running, most du* 
table mill made. Four sizes. Espe¬ 
cially adapted for gasoline *n«Mnes. 
Use 2 1 percent less power than any 
Others. New double cutters, force 
feed, no choking. 
Lime St, Springfield, Ohio 
15 DAYS 
FREE 
a. TRIAL 
E 
MILL is the best for your use—that it 
will do all sortsofodd jobs, bigorsmall, 
we will send you oue on 15 days free 
trial. If it doesn’t do your work better 
and cheaper than any other mill you 
ever heard of, and if it isn’t all we 
claim for it, send it back at our expense. 
Our freecataloguesbows the many ways 
the Monarch is superior to other mills. 
SPROUT, WALDRON &. CO., 
P. O. Box 263 Muncy, Pa. 
SAWS1 
ANY WOOD 
IN ANY POSITION 
ON ANY GROUND 
— — — _ — , 4 In to S ft. Through 
1 Man *' ith * Folding Daoi- O MEN with ■ 
■ Inull Sawing Machine Defllo a. Cron*.cut Saw 
8 to 8 corda dally Is the usual average for one man. 
■ HUNS RASY gk SAWS D0W5 
U No TURKS 
Our 1906 Model Machine saws faster, runs easier and will last 
longer than ever. Adjusted in a minute to suit a 12-year-old 
boy or the strongest man. Send for catalog showing latest 
Improvements. First order gets agency. 
folding Sawing Mach. Co., 158 E. Harrison St., Chicago, ill. 
NEW HOLLAND 
Feed Mills 
are sold away below any 
other standard mills. 
Why not save the differ¬ 
ence? Do all sorts of ear 
corn and grain grinding 
and they last. Fine meal 
makers. Elevator and 
bagger if wanted. Three 
styles, four sizes. Let us 
send you one to try free. 
You are sure to like it, but we take the 
cnances. We bargain for return at our expense 
if not pleased. Write us if you want the fastest 
cutting Wood Saw made. Booklets free- 
NEW HOLLAND MCH. CO„ 
Box IIS. New Holland, Pa. 
