1605. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
883 
means 50 cents a ton. By the time these 
Canadian ashes get here we must pay nearly 
$10 for them! 
As Others See Us.—O n page 811 I men- 
Hope Farm Notes 
Fbobi^ms.-—M oney made or tlo^TcSl^i 
saved (the same thing) m these uajs note j ias ca u e( j 0 ut some of the most 
utilizing wastes. In New York City news- amusing letters I have ever had. No subject 
papers and sticks are picked out of the gar- seems to he more popular, and at the same 
F aiJei , .... . time no object more unpopular, lbe Ohio 
Page and used as fuel in running an elect!n. man pjmself comes hack and says that I try 
plant. The saving to the city amounts to ( 0 ma k e a hero out of him. Well, it looks 
$34 a day from this one source alone. On 
every farm there are wastes which might be 
saved. We have had a good many at Hope 
Farm, which I hope to cut out this Winter. 
We try to have every field covered with 
some living crop through the Winter. Rye. 
if nothing else can be seeded, will save us 
quite a little nitrogen. As I have tried to 
explain before, the soil contains considerable 
soluble nitrogen during the Fall months. 
This is because the organic matter in the 
soil is decomposed quite freely during the 
warm weather of late Summer and early 
Fall. If there are no living crops to use thi 
nitrogen much of it will be leached away 
and lost. 
In former years we have lost much nitro¬ 
gen in our liquid manure. As the liquids carry 
the the only part of the manure that is 
thoroughly digested of course they contain 
(he most soluble nitrogen. I regret to say 
that at one time holes were bored in the 
stable to let liquids run away. No more of 
that! Those holes are plugged up and we 
use- sawdust freely back of the cows. If 
we had no sawdust I would have horse ma¬ 
nure put there in order to absorb these 
liquids. We have also lost some value In 
past years by having the manure piles un¬ 
covered. We ought to have a cement floor 
under the manure pile, but haven't got to 
It yet. With old boards and trash we con¬ 
structed a rough shelter over the pile, and 
thus keep the rain from leaching through it. 
The hogs work it over and keep it fine and 
open. Where sawdust is used for bedding the 
manure seems more likely to “firefang" than 
when well mixed with straw. ' Some water 
should he added, and we pour the slops from 
the house over the pile. In Summer these 
slops are poured in a small peach orchard 
near the house. In Winter I would utilize 
such slops either in the manure pile or by 
mixing with sawdust or coal ashes. It will 
be seen that we do not plan to haul the ma¬ 
nure every day or week. For such crops 
as we shall grow next year—onions, berne 
and garden stuff—it is better to have the 
manure thoroughly rotted and fine. This fer¬ 
menting in the pile improves the manure 
about as steaming or even the use of acid 
improves grodnd bone. Fine manure is much 
better than coarse for spreading, because you 
can harrow it in so as to have the soil thor¬ 
oughly filled. Again, where we use sawdust 
as if he had some of the stuff used in man¬ 
ufacturing heroes—though the making of 
such must often be done away from home. 
For example this man says : 
“My daughter is home, and always finds 
time enough to read Hope Farm Notes. In 
reading about this good man you talk about, 
she thought he was awful nice, but when 
she found it was her father why she did not 
think that was such a great thing. Ft you 
see because they are used to it they will take 
it as a matter of course—as it really is !" 
Now there is true human nature in that. 
My own daughter Is young yet. and possibly 
she might see some chances for becoming a 
hero in Father, but her mother could tell 
other stories. If I found a man whose 
wife openly called him a hero I think I 
should be afraid of one or both of them. 
Those people who are always right are un¬ 
comfortable to their associates, to say the 
least. Shakespeare says: “How use doth 
breed a habit in a man !” I will say again 
that the housekeeping habit is a great thing 
for a man to acquire, though the women 
folks will certainly take it as “a matter of 
course” and give plenty of chance for kitchen 
jobs. 
Farm and Home.—A t one time I reported 
only one young hen turkey. As the flock 
developes we find four hens which, with the 
old one, will give us a good start next Spring. 
The largest gobbler had less to lie thankful 
for than we did on Thanksgiving Day and 
we have sold another. These white birds are 
great favorites. I never had any poultry 
that pleased me more. I want to know how 
long a turkey will remain profitable, and 
many other things about them. Most of the 
answers must he dug out h.v experience. .Tack 
found this so with the hens. In spite of 
books and good advice he had to lose many 
chicks in order to learn how to find more. 
After much discussion and figuring 
we decided to heat the new house with hot 
water. This costs more than other Systems, 
hut I like the way it operates. The chief 
advantage over steam seems to be the fact 
that with a low fire you can make the house 
comfortable on a day that is “chilly" without 
being really cold. With steam you must have 
a good fire In order to drive the steam over 
the house. We hope to make our little place 
comfortable, though we all regret leaving the 
old stone house. . . . The weather con¬ 
tinues fine with us, and the Fall work is 
pretty well finished. As I write some of the 
strawberries are still without their Winter 
overcoat, hut we will dress them up in time. 
The spraying is not quite finished, hut other¬ 
wise the trees are ready for Winter. . 
When Seymour started out to sell apples 
there were some tricks of the trade to he 
learned. First he went around to the hack 
door, asking if apples were wanted. There 
was not much trade In this. Then he noticed 
that others took samples of the fruit along. 
So lie began to carry a basket with him. and 
trade picked up at once. It makes much 
difference with people when the goods are 
spread out before them, and when you are 
selling seconds it pays to pour the apples 
it is better to rot the manure perfectly, since J,? just * what Ihe 11 ?* huy^T’' iTyon^donMt 
this overcomes the acid In the sawdust. On yo „ ' w jji carry, in her eyes, lots of small 
a large farm where there are many head of fruit and rot specks or worm holes right on 
your face. Ought not to sell such fruit? 
When people are anxious to pay 25 cents or 
more per basket for it what are you going 
to do? Rut be sure you class if properly ! 
stock It would be better to haul the manure 
out frequently. With us the object is to get 
this manure as fine and soluble as possible. 
Hen manure is useful on a garden farm. 
Being about four times as rich as ordinary 
stable manure it is “great stuff" for onions 
or quick-growing crops. We have dropping 
boards under the perches, and use sawdust 
and road dust freely. Our plan is to scrape 
off the droppings twice a week and spread 
them out thin under a shed. When one thin 
layer is made we shall scatter muriate of 
potash over the manure, and so on through 
the Winter. In the Spring it will he well 
dried and fined, and scattered over the field 
where we are to grow onions and straw¬ 
berries. The old plan of using plaster under 
the roosts does not suit me. It leaves the 
manure in chunks, and experiments show 
that this plan—famous in old days—Is not 
the best. The weakness of our plan is that 
we do not add any phosphoric acid to the 
manure, and this element is badly needed. 
Some hen men overcome this by using finely 
ground phosphate rock under the perches. 
I expect to use acid phosphate when I put 
the manure on the opion field. Strange how 
the new drives out the old. For years I ad¬ 
vised plaster under the roosts, largely be¬ 
cause the scientific men said it was the right 
thing. They have dug a little deeper into 
science, and found that plaster is not best 
and experience seems to support their science. 
We use considerable wood for fuel, and the 
wood ashes are carefully saved and scattered 
over the field where onions are to be grown 
next year. The furrows were left rough on 
this field. It is sour, having been water¬ 
logged for a number of years. We put all 
the lime we had on if. and now the wood 
ashes will follow. They contain ope-third 
their weight of lime, and I believe that Fall 
and Winter is the best time to use that—• 
except when the ground is covered with snow, 
or when water runs over it. Coal ashes are 
sifted and the half-burned coal taken out 
for use in the heater. The clinkers are 
first-rate for piling around the young trees. 
The fine coal ashes can be mixed with those 
from wood fires for spreading on some land, 
or put in shallow boxes or barrels to absorb 
slops. Of course we have a standing rule 
that no vines or weeds shall he burned. This 
is a mulch farm, and all such things are 
needed around trees, or to cover strawberries. 
The Lima bean vines this year were cut from 
the poles, spread over the strawberries and 
anchored down with manure. When old 
Mai'or died the bide was taken off and the 
carcass cut up. While the weather holds 
pieces of the meat can he hung on a string 
in the henhouse, so that the hens can jump 
up and peck at it. The larger bones are 
buried beside apple trees. It is possible to 
soften or “reduce” such hones by packing 
them in layers of moist wood ashes, but it is 
a slow job—not very satisfactory. We shall 
do all we can to save every ounce of fertility. 
There will be need next year of all we can 
get bold of. We have a chance to buy a 
small quantity of wood asbes at 10 cents a 
bushel This Is a fair bargain for our coun¬ 
try Seymour savs that in Canada they are 
sometimes sold at one cent a bushel, which 
At one corner a group of hoys ran out with 
the old refrain : 
“Mister, give me an apple!” 
Being a good-natured man Seymour gave 
them some fruit and went after trade. \\ hen 
he came hack at least 50 boys were helping 
themselves to apples. Talk about the spread 
of bacteria—here you have an illustration 
of it ... The children are hard at 
work in their school. Aunt Emma is teaching 
them while Mother gets her sewing done 
and puts the new house In order. T am glad 
that these little folks are packing knowledge 
away in an orderly way and so it will stick. 
h. w. c. 
KEEP WARM! 
Don't risk comfort, health and life itself 
by going through the cold drives ot another 
winter without 
The Standard Carriage Heater, 
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Notice the sloping shape of the Stnnuara 
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Stylish 
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Latest styles, newest < 
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Make an elegant sleigh of your buggy, quic k. easy, 
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RED-CROSS M EDI-CABINET 
Style M. 
Convenient, roomy, safe. For a hundred reasons an 
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WILDER'S 
[ SELF-ADJUSTING STEEL LATCH] 
stanchion meets the demand for a safe, 
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STAN.CHION 
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CUTTING ‘ViSF 
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THE 
SMITH 
Great Western Apron 
Manure Spreader 
enncinc all kinds of manure, straw stack bottoms and commcrcial fertilizer rtgard- 
SPREADS less of their condition. Spreads as much In a day as 15 men m far and 
largest load in 2 to 4 minutes. Makes the same amount of manureR»Jfood 
produce better remits; makes all manureflne and immediately availabloforplAnttO' 
kmu nil Ainu S m E nilfC forms a hopper, holds all hard chunks in contact 
NON-BUNCHABLe RAKt with beater until thoroughly pulverized. 
rum ECO H DDAM i3 one continous apron, (not a J A apron) therefore always readyto 
ENDLESS ArnUN load. You don’t have to drive a certain distance to pull it back 
into Dosdtto^ftereach l«ui or wind it back by hand; it is a great advantage in making long hauls. 
■ iipup a a Ml A ArinillA about our Endless Apron to break and cause tiouble, 
THERE IS NO GEARING it is always up out of the way of obstructionsas it 
does mtt extend below axle. Spreads evilly from start to finish and cleans out perfect YJ ^eam 
■ i Ann aim tun MTC keeps manure away from beater wbile loading, pre- 
HOOu AND END GATE vents choking of beater and throwing out a bunch 
whtm starting and acts as wind shield when spreading. It has a graduating lever and can be regulated 
STRENGTH AND DURAdILIIT considered in a manure.spreader. TheGreat 
GWRflHtt 
mexftK It tells how to apply manure to secure oestresults. 
SMITH MANUFACTURING CO. 
163 Harrison Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
