1905. 
929 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
THE AMERICAN TUBERCULOSIS 
EXHIBITION. 
A gruesome but unique and interesting ex¬ 
hibition was that of the National Association 
for the Study ancl Prevention of Tuberculosis 
and the Tuberculosis Committee of the New 
York Charity Organization Society ot New 
York, held November 27 to December 9 in_the 
American -Museum of Natural History, 77th 
street and Central Park West, New York 
City. It was planned as an educational 
feature in aid of the present very general 
campaign against human tuberculosis or con¬ 
sumption, and showed by means of models, 
charts, photographs, diagrams and anatomical 
specimens all the phases of the dread dis¬ 
ease, its prevention and treatment. Meet¬ 
ings were held at intervals during the ex¬ 
hibition for the general public, and special 
ones for physicians, public school teachers 
and workers in the mechanical trades for the 
purpose of discussing the best means of con¬ 
trolling and diminishing tubercular affections. 
The exhibits included models of tuberculosis 
hospitals and sanatoriums in various cities. 
States and foreign countries, together with 
sanitary appliances in bewildering number, 
such as fresh air tents, window beds, couches 
and sputum receptacles. Some were very in¬ 
genious, others plainly practical and econ¬ 
omical. The inexpensive expectoration cups 
to be carried everywhere are much to be 
commended. The various tents, beds, and 
couches for sleeping in the open air and by 
open windows during cold weather were 
particularly interesting. There were number¬ 
less views of unsanitary homes in city and 
country, and models of some of New York's 
infamous “lung blocks,” built under the 
tenement laws of 1S87, said to be the most 
unwholesome human habitations ever con¬ 
structed in a civilized community. One 
model was of a block in which 4,000 persons, 
belonging to 700 families, lived. This gave 
22 families to a building, and an average of 
about four families to each 14 rooms, many 
without windows. The buildings are so 
crowded that there is practically no light or 
decent air at any time except in the rooms 
opening ou the streets. There were also 
models of improved and ideal tenement blocks, 
some in actual existence. The advantages of 
country life and the work of city school 
gardens were shown in many ways, but es¬ 
pecially by the aid of photographs. There 
was an extensive collection of physical train¬ 
ing appliances. 
The numerous charts and diagrams, some 
on a large and elaborate scale, gave a most 
impressive idea cf the ravages in various 
parts of the world of civilization's most 
destructive disease. It appears the colored 
race is everywhere out of the tropics the 
greatest sufferer, but even among the whites 
tuberculosis is more prevalent than any other 
known disease. The Association does not be¬ 
lieve that any remedy has yet been discovered 
with special power over (lie disease, and 
only recommends in its leaflets and publica¬ 
tions general sanitary and preventive meas¬ 
ures. The very emphatic sign “Don't spit 
on the floor” pervaded the exhibition. This 
might have been amplified to “don't spit any¬ 
where where tubercule bacilli may be set 
free.” 
The collection of tubercular lungs and 
other human organs was ghastly but highly 
instructive, fine could note the injury wrought 
by dust and foul air of cities, mines and 
woikshops. as the disease usually started at 
some point where the lung had been injured 
by inhaling gritty dust and foreign particles. 
A cheering note was given in preparations of 
healed lungs from formerly consumptive 
persons who had died of other diseases, show¬ 
ing how nature at times overcomes severe 
tubercular infections, if aided by a good 
constitution and sanitary living. There were 
cultures of various disease germs, including 
the true Bacillus tuberculosis, of which there 
were shown enough to infect a city. The 
preparation of tuberculin was well shown. 
The methods of spreading the infection by 
coughing, sneezing and spitting without sani¬ 
tary caution and by means of house flies, were 
very vividly illustrated. Little or nothing 
was evident in the entire exhibition to con¬ 
nect human consumption with bovine or cow 
tuberculosis. Evidently the Association does 
not believe there is any special connection. 
_ w. v. F. 
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE. 
Structural Steel. —The mills turning out 
this material are very busy, the demand for 
bridge and other building work being un¬ 
usually large. The total tonnage for the 
year is estimated to be 1,200,000 tons. 
Wool Prices. —Recent sales at the T/ondon 
auctions showed the following figures : 2.700 
bales New South Wales, scoured, at 20 to 
00 cents, greasy, 15 to 30; 400 bales New 
Zealand, greasy, 12 to 25; 200 bales South 
African scoured, 35 to 45 cents. The Boston 
wool market is only fairly active. Recent 
prices are; Michigan tine unwashed, 20 to 
27; Ohio and Pa., unwashed delaine 29 to 
30 ; Territory, fine, 22 to 23. 
Inferior Holly. —Gatherers of this dec- 
orathe material have made the mistake of 
shipping a lot of poor stuff that can hardly 
be sold. At a time when buyers were willing 
to pay $3 per case for choice holly one of 
the P. R. It. piers was piled high with a 
lot that was offered at 50 cents per case 
with no takers. It was largely scrubby 
brush with few berries and spotted leaves. 
Some was sold for 25 cents per case. 
Preserving Sweet Cider.—“I have some 
cider which I wish to keep sweet. IIovv 
shall I handle it?” e. k. 
Vermont. 
The most satisfactory way we have found 
is to filter the cider through a fine cloth 
to remove all the pomace. Then put in a 
porcelain kettle, heat slowly and boil about 
five minutes. Put in glass cans or botles 
and seal the same as fruit. The heating 
destroys the germs of fermentation, which 
would otherwise multiply and burst the cans. 
The special knack with this process is to 
iearn iust when to remove from the fire, as 
the least boiling it has the nearer natural 
the flavor. 
Fruits.'—T he holiday trade makes a de¬ 
cided boom in demand for oranges and apples. 
'The quality of the oranges on hand now is 
much superior to the unripe fruit received 
a month ago. and meets a proportionately 
better sale. The general range of prices is 
not changed, though scattering sales of the 
top grades of all varieties are made at from 
50 cents to $1 above figures quoted. Straw¬ 
berries from Florida have run down as low 
as 30 cents per quart, not because of a sur¬ 
plus, hut on account of their being soft. 
These strawberries at their best are none too 
good, and I do not understand why the soft 
ones should sell at any price. Grapes. 
Catawaba and Niagara are retailing at 30 
cents and up for four-pound baskets. They 
keep quite well until the first of the year, 
though an occasional decayed one will be 
found Of course this must be selected and 
carefully handled fruit. Cranberry prices 
hold up well, sales at $14.50 per barrel for 
best Cape Cod being noted. 
Troubles for Importers. —Judging from 
the complaints of dealers the law covering 
correct labeling of canned goods and similar 
food stuffs is being finite thoroughly enforced, 
the customs authorities having sent back to 
Europe during the past few weeks large 
guantities of improperly labelled goods. This 
"makes the shippers and importers wrathy, as 
thev evidently thought that Uncle Sam would 
not insist upon a technical observance of the 
law, at least for some time. There may be 
features of this act which are far fetched 
and red-tapey, but the quickest way to bring 
about any needed modification of the law 
is to enforce it rigidly. Of course it will 
not add to the popularity of any canned 
goods to state that they are packed in 
cottonseed or peanut oil instead of olive 
oil or contain copper as coloring matter, 
yet buyers have a right to know these things, 
even though they have been buncoed about 
them for years. This law would be particu¬ 
larly mischievous and unjust if only laxly 
looked after, as the goods of well meaning 
manufacturers who complied with it could 
scarcely compete with others of the same 
grade which had escaped analysis and were 
under a more favorable label. 
Looking Into Investments. —A large pro¬ 
portion of the so-called securities which 
country people are asked to buy by mail 
order brokers cannot face even the first two 
or three searching questions that a prospect¬ 
ive investor should ask. The common sense 
caution that one would use in buying a pair 
of shoes would lay these risky stocks to 
one side. There are secrets in many busi¬ 
nesses, which for trade reasons it would not 
be good policy for even the stockholders to 
know, hut as a rule these are not things 
that a person lias to know to get a fan- 
idea of the dollars and cents side of the 
business. But this secrecy excuse may be 
so handled as to cover up things that an 
investor ought, to know. What is the capital 
stock? Has it all been paid in? What are 
the salaries of officers? Do they have extra 
allowances? Does the system of bookkeeping 
permit, stuffing the expense account with 
unitemized charges? IIow are bills O. K.’d? 
Are outstanding accounts permitted to drag? 
IIow is the cash account handled, and can 
every item l>e traced to some tangible source? 
What has been the output of the business 
for the past five years, what the expenses 
and what dividends have been paid? What 
were the itemized resources and liabilities 
as shown by the the last trial balance? 
These are a few general questions applying 
to practically all lines of business and touch¬ 
ing the vital points. If one had direct, 
answers to all of them and such other 
special questions as would be readily sug¬ 
gested bv the branch of business in mind, he 
would then have no more data than would 
be thought necessary in buying a farm. 
Cold turndowns are likely to be the replies 
to some of these queries. How absurd that 
a man should insist on knowing anything 
definite about a stock before putting his 
money into it; leave it all to the judgment 
of the financiers ! One can meet such treat¬ 
ment satisfactorily by keeping his money in 
his pocket and looking along the line for 
something not frfraid of being investigated. 
Ground Bone with Lime. 
As iime causes acid phosphate to revert, 
what can I use with lime, to take its place? 
Is it advisable to use any fertilizer when lime 
has been applied after plowing. o. d. t. 
Town Hill, Pa. 
As we have often explained, fine ground 
bone can be used with lime. “Reverting” 
means a chemical change by which soluble 
phosphoric acid unites with lime so as to be¬ 
come less soluble. The phosphoric acid in 
bone is in this “reverted" form, yet the hone 
is an organic form and slowly decays in the 
soil. Lime will have little influence on the 
potash in fertilizer. Some forms of nitrogen 
would be set free by lime, but when both are 
worked into the soil this nitrogen will be 
held. Except when acid phosphate is used 
there need be little fear of using lime with 
fertilizers. 
Pasturing Cow Peas. 
1. Does it diminish the fertilizing power 
of a crop of Crimson clover to pasture it 
down in the Fall? I have it five or six 
inches high, and it would make good pasture. 
2. Does it make any material difference in the 
fertilizing effects of a crop of late cow peas 
if thev are not plowed under till Spring? 
Does it make any material difference if they 
are not plowed under at all? Would the 
working of them into the soil by a disk 
harrow in May do any good towards having 
another crop of them when left unplowed 
under till Spring? mc k. 
Berkeley Co.. W. Va. 
1. It depends somewhat upon what stock 
you use. Hogs, sheep or beef cattle would 
take away from the field only what they 
carried in their bodies. In 1,000 pounds of 
live beef there are 27 pounds of nitrogen, 
two of potash and 20 of phosphoric acid. 
In the same weight of hog. 20 pounds nitro¬ 
gen, two of potash and nine of phosphoric 
acid. Dairy cows would take more—what 
the milk contains and also the manure voided 
awav from the field. 2. There is probably 
a slight loss when cow peas are left on the 
surface of the ground over Winter. Some 
leaves are blown away, and small quantities 
of nitrogen escape. The loss is slight, how¬ 
ever. No great difference will be noticed if 
the vines are not plowed under, but worked 
with a disk harrow in the Spring. This is 
now often done in Delaware, and good re¬ 
sults are reported. Cow peas usually do 
better when one crop immediately follows 
another, because the peas depend upon certain 
bacteria which multiply in the soil when the 
crop is grown year after year. 
Fertilizer Analysis Explained. 
Will you give definition of following terms, 
applying to commercial fertilizers? “Moist¬ 
ure at 212 degrees Fhr., not exceeding 10 
per cest” ; “Potash (K 2 O) water soluble not 
less than five per cent.” reader. 
Florida. 
Some of the analyses printed on fertilizer 
bags need a key to he understood. “Moist¬ 
ure at 212” means the amount of water 
found in a fair sample of the mixture when 
heated to that temperature. All substances 
contain more or less water. For example, a 
ton of well-cured hay contains about 300 
pounds of water, while a ton of wheat or 
of corn will carry 275 or more. Heating at 
a high temperature will drive most of this 
water away in the form of steam or vapor. 
To realize this weigh a wet and soggy piece 
of wood, then bake it in the oven and weigh 
it again. The loss in weight represents the 
amount of water driven off by the heat. 
Thus this analysis means that when heated 
to 212 degrees there should not he more than 
200 pounds of water in one ton of the fer¬ 
tilizer. Usually the buyer accepts the bags 
or barrels as marked, and makes no effort 
to weigh them to see whether he gets full 
weight. In buying ordinary stable manure 
by the ton we pay for 1,500 to 1,G00 pounds 
of water. Where this manure is bought in 
carload lots we have often seen men with 
a hose pouring on water so as to make extra 
weight. “Potash K 2 O” means the form in 
which this element is used by plants. The 
metal potassium cannot be kept in its pure 
state under ordinary conditions, K 2 O means 
two parts of potassium combined with one 
part of oxygen, which gives il such form and 
character that it can he held and used for 
feeding plants. This combination is called 
potash, and the analysis means that in one 
ton there are 100 pounds of it. 
Feeding Values of Dent and Flint Corn. 
IIow much more feeding value is there for 
horses, in yellow flint corn, than in the 
solid dent varieties, white or yellow? 
Town Hill, Pa. o. d. t. 
On the average there is little difference in 
value between flint and dent. About one 
per cent of protein is the average in favor 
of the flint varieties. Some varieties are 
worth more than others, and the soil and 
climate also make a difference. 
Rotted Manure for Grapes. 
Shall I use fresh manure on my grape¬ 
vines, or manure which lias been lying in the 
shed for some time? Manure is from horses 
and cows, in which there is some kainit and 
land plaster with peat moss. j. l. w. 
Overbrook, Pa. 
We would wait till early Spring and use 
the well rotted manure. If this sheltered 
manure has been kept reasonably moist it 
will lie fine and in good condition for feed¬ 
ing the vines. If it is desired to mulch or 
cover the ground around the vines the fresh 
manure will answer—put on now. 
“Do you think that the automobile will 
displace the horse?” asked the conversa¬ 
tional young woman. “It will,” answered 
the nervous young man as he gazed down 
the road, “if it ever hits him.”—Washing¬ 
ton Star. __ 
For the land’s sake, use BoWker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
PAR O ID 
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v y . v/ . v'v 
ooFir^iQ 
You will save money and get a 
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Spark, water, gas, heat and cold 
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Don’t take an imitation. 
Send for a free sample and book of build¬ 
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F. W. BIRD & SON, Makers. 
E. Walpole. Mass. 
Chicago. Ill. 
MPI p ■ Established 1817. 
■■ ■ originator, o/roofing kit in mry roll 
9 CORDS IN 10 HOUR9 
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168-164 E. Harrison Street, Chicago# Illinois. 
QUICK ICE CUTTING 
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7K, 9 and 1014 inches deep. Have patent clearing 
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season. Ames Flow Co., 64 Market St„ Boston, Mass* 
G 
OOD, big “mealy potatoes 
can not be produced with¬ 
out a liberal amount of Potash 
in the fertilizer—not less than 
ten per cent. It must be in the 
form of Sulphate of Potash of 
highest quality. 
“Plant Food” and “Truck Farming” are two practical 
books which tell of the successful growing of potatoes and the 
ether garden truck—sent free to those who write us for them. 
Address, GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau St., New York 
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imowm 
III - 
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Book No. 1700 
NITRO- 
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the wonderful 
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