Clafs II.] B I R 
ufelefs ones ; an attribute he gives to thefe fpe- 
cies, on a fuppofition they were almoft always on 
wing. Hardouin, a critick quite unbilled in na¬ 
tural hiftory, imagines them to be martins, the 
Cypfelli of Ariftatle *; but a little attention to 
the text of each of thole antient naturalifts, is 
fufficient to evince that they are very different 
* Lib. 9. c. 38. edit. Scaliger. p. 1067. 
D S. 
147 
birds ; the latter very accurately defcribes the 
characters of that fpecies of fwallow ; while Pli¬ 
ny exprefles the very manner of life of our Petrel. 
Nidificant in fcopulis. hse funt qure toio marl 
cernuntur: nec unquam tam longo naves, tamque 
continuo curfu recedunt a terra, ut non circum- 
volitent eas Apodes. lib. 10. c. 39. 
GENUS 
S P E G I E S I 
XVI. GOOSANDERS. 
The Goofander. Plate f&Be Male, 
T the Female. 
Goofander. IVil. orn. 335. 
Dun-diver, or fparling-fowl. Ibid. 
Merganfer. Briffon av. VI. 231. 
Tab. 22. 
¥ || H E S E birds frequent our rivers, and 
1 other frefh waters, efpecially in hard 
•vL* winters j they are great divers, and live 
on fifh. The male weighs four pounds : its length 
is two feet four inches $ the breadth three feet 
two. The bill is three inches long, narrow, and 
finely toothed, or furrated : the color of that, and 
the irides is red. The head is large, and the fea¬ 
thers on the hind part long and loofe : the color 
black, finely gloffed with green : the upper part 
of the neck the fame : the lower part, and under 
fide of the body of a fine pale yellow : the upper 
part of the back, and inner fcapulars are black : 
the lower part of the back, and the tail are afh- 
Raii Jyn. av. 134. 
Mergus merganfer, Lin. Jyft. 129. 
Mergus cirrhatus (foem.) Gefner av. 
134- merganfer 135. 
colored : the tail confifts of eighteen feathers : the 
greater quil feathers are black, the lefTer white, 
fome of which are edged with black : the coverts 
at the fetting on of the wing are black ; the red 
white : the legs of a deep orange color. 
The dun Diver , or female, is lefs than the 
male: the head, and upper part of the neck are 
ferruginous ; the throat white: the feathers on 
the hind part are long* and form a pendent cred : 
the back, the coverts of the wings, and the tail 
are of a deep afh-color : the greater quil feathers 
are black, the lefTer white : the bread, and middle 
of the belly are white, tinged with yellow. 
SPECIES II. 
The Scrula. JVil. orn. 336. 
Raii Jyn. av. 1 35 - 
Lefler toothed Diver. Morton North - 
ampt. 429. 
HIS fpecies weighs two pounds : the 
length is one foot nine inches ; the 
breadth two feet (even : the bill is 
:hree inches long, the lower mandible red; the 
The lefler Dun Diver. 
Merganfer criftatus. ? Brijfon av. 
VI. 237, 
Mergus ferrator. Lin. jyft. \ 29. 
upper dufky : the irides a purplifh red : the head, 
and upper part of the neck of a deep rud color ; 
the former adorned with a pendent cred : the 
throat white : the fore part of the neck and the 
bread 
