122 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 17, 
er than you can from two lamps or kerosene stoves, such 
as they use for brooders. When the chicks get big enough 
to get along without heat we carry the burner to an¬ 
other house- and a new hatch of chicks, and if you are 
particular in building all parts will be interchangeable, 
and cause much less trouble than having to number 
THE BOY’S TROTTER (Not this Winter.) Fig. 50. 
every piece for certain houses. One is bound to make 
mistakes, but after you build one house the whole mat¬ 
ter will be plain and simple. floyd q. white. 
THE DEER ABOVE THE MAN. 
The Greenfield (Mass.) Gazette mention two cases 
where men have consulted lawyers to learn how to 
obtain protection from wild deer: 
The Ashfield man referred to seeks relief from a big 
wild buck deer that roams up and down the roads and 
across the fields around the big Ilall deer park, a tract 
comprising a number of old farms with perhaps several 
hundred deer. The buck evidently is attracted by the park 
deer, but he can't be driven, and if the gate of the park 
were left open in hopes that he would go in, the deer that 
are inside would escape. It is also said that he could not 
legally be driven in and confined in that way. This deer 
tears up and down the roads, frightening children, and the 
Ashfield man referred to is also afraid that the deer will 
come upon his horse in some narrow place and frighten him 
so as to cause an accident. The other complaint came from 
Leverett, where a man said that he found a doe and a fawn 
in his garden, and that the deer attacked him, evidently 
fearing lest he would injure her fawn, and that if he had 
not found an apple tree handy behind which he could dodge, 
he would have been in danger of getting hurt. The law¬ 
yers say that the law is rather peculiar in that there is no 
legal manner of hunting and getting rid of a dangerous 
deer. To pursue it within 10 rods is evidence of hunting, 
and that is subject to heavy fine. The game warden, they 
say, has no authority to kill deer. The lawyers think that 
in the case of the Ashfield deer, if the animal was driven 
into the park, there would be no complaint, although the act 
would be illegal. 
You will see it is dangerous being safe here, so we 
expect this Winter to see the freak legislator getting in 
some more of his fine work. Yet certainly there should 
be a law making the State liable for the damage done 
by wild deer (which are now protected by the law), 
to persons and teams, as well as to cabbages and vege¬ 
tables. 
And then it is anything but funny to see some grave 
and dignified judge fine some reckless auto fiend, who 
has deliberately put the lives of others in danger, scared 
teams, and broken our laws, a paltry $10 or $15. And 
then see him go for some farmer whose o-nly offense 
has been trying to protect his property from deer, which 
no one except the State claims to own, and who never 
feeds or cares for them except as they rob some farmer 
of his crop, and then their agent, not his, set the price 
of their feed. A fine example of justice and fair deal¬ 
ing our State sets to its people in this age of graft. 
Would they allow a private individual -to do business in 
the same way? If -not, why not? The automobilist 
with a license in his pocket tells people he meets: “I 
have a license to run on these roads, get out of the 
way or take the consequences.” The hunter will soon 
tell our land owners: “I have a State license to hunt 
anywhere in this State; mind your own business or you 
will get hurt.” And so the man out of a job who has 
made a failure teaching everything else- feels certain he 
could earn a good salary teaching country boys to love 
country life and the farm. H. o. mead. 
Worcester Co., Mass. 
BUDDING OLD PEACH TREES. 
If desiring to fruit a variety quickly, or a new or un¬ 
tried variety where the selling value of the fruit is not 
the only return desired, it is practical to rebud large 
trees. There is a good deal of work involved in chang¬ 
ing a large tree from one variety to another thoroughly, 
and we conclude from our experience that it is just as 
well to pull out such undesirable trees and replant. With 
trees three years old or younger I would consider the 
operation practical However, any sized tree, to be re¬ 
budded, must have good, thrifty shoots of present sea- 
pen’s growth, and these must be making new growth 
when budded over. In a young tree the operator may 
be able to get such shoots low enough down on main 
limbs, without much extra work in cutting back the top 
severely earlier in season to force such growth. In a 
large tree, in most cases, it would be necessary to cut 
back the top very severely before growth commences in 
Spring. Thin out the new growth sufficiently to get 
good shoots to febud. We like to have these shoots 
well down on the main limbs of the tree, so that the new 
top will be within easy reach from the ground. The 
actual setting of the bud and care of it afterwards is the 
same as any budded stock. The following season, w'hen 
the new buds are expected to grow, the remaining por¬ 
tion of the top not previously cut away may be removed. 
There is some risk in the new bud growth blowing out 
if left entirely alone at first, so that in pinching off the 
sucker growth that will start, one must use judgment, 
also in removing the whole top at one time. We have 
never tried grafting peach trees. j. norris barnes. 
VENTILATION FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
THE KING SYSTEM EXPLAINED. 
Stable Ventilation is Automatic Stock Feeding. 
Part II, 
The ventilating flue should have all of the essential 
features of a good chimney, and effort should be made 
to enable it to rise straight away from bottom to top 
without turns or angles, and especially should the 
carrying of it any material distance horizontally be 
avoided. The air should be admitted to the ventilating 
flue at the level of the stable floor so as to draw off that 
which is coldest and most impure, and from the level 
at which the animals arc taking their supplies. It is 
best also to have an opening into the ventilating flue at 
the level of the ceiling, provided with register or some 
form of closing valve, so that it may be opened when 
the stable is too warm and at times when the ventila¬ 
tion appears to be insufficient. 
The fresh air intakes should admit the supply at the 
level of the Ceiling, where during cold weather it will 
be first warmed by commingling with the warmest air 
of the stable before falling to the level of the floor. It 
a a a u 
should also be admitted by several small openings on as 
many sides of the stable as possible. These openings 
may be 4 x 12 inches the long way horizontal, and they 
should be provided with closing valves. The outside 
opening to these fresh air intakes should always be 
below the inside one, to prevent the escape of warm air 
on the leeward side of the stable. Where the walls of the 
stable are frame and double-sheeted the space between 
the studding is utilized as shown in the diagram, left 
side, but when they are of masonry they should be 
built in the wall as represented at right side of same 
diagram, using a wood box, conductor pipe or drain 
tile as a core built into the wall. It is very important 
to have these intakes well distributed on all sides so 
as to take advantage of the force of the wind to drive 
air into the stable; and so that there shall be no places 
in the stable where the air remains stagnant. Few and 
large ventilators and many and small intakes should be 
the motto. 
The ventilating flue may be made out of any material 
which will secure walls that are airtight and will remain 
so permanently. We know of nothing better than gal¬ 
vanized iron, made up either round or closely nailed in 
sheet form to a frame of studding, and for this the lighter 
weights will answer. If wood is used it is necessary 
also to use a thoroughly waterproof paper, and every 
pains must be taken to secure tight joints. The posi¬ 
tion of thq Y?nti!ator may be almost anywhere where 
it is least in the way, and it may, if properly built, even 
be placed outside as represented in accompanying dia¬ 
gram, where it stands in the angle formed by the L with 
the main building. In this sketch it is intended to illus¬ 
trate the importance of introducing air from all sides 
and it will be seen from the arrows how, even with the 
single ventilating flue, if it is efficient in its action, air 
must be drawn from all sides, and so the entire stable be 
ventilated. Whenever it is practicable to have the venti¬ 
lating shaft entirely within the barn this is preferable, 
as it ensures stronger draft and a length equal tt> the 
full height of the ridge of the barn is more readily se¬ 
cured. In the diagram showing air currents at A or B 
would be the ideal places for the ventilating shaft, if 
convenience would permit of it, because in either place 
it could rise through the ridge of the roof. It might 
also have been built into the side of the wall at C, and 
carried, either straight up through the roof, or bent 
from the eaves and then carried out through the ridge-. 
Two ventilating shafts might be used, but in my judg¬ 
ment a single one of sufficient size, at either of the 
places designated, would be found most efficient. Whefe 
a silo stands adjacent to the barn and an anteroom for 
throwing down the silage connects the tvVo it is some¬ 
times practicable to build the ventilating flue in this 
anteroom with one face opening into the stable, so that 
when the door leading to the silo is closed there is no 
chance for air to pass from the stable into the silo 
chute, or from the silo into the stable. 
It is very important that the ceiling of the stable shall 
be airtight, and that hay chtites be made in such a way 
that they may be thoroughly closed except when in list. 
It is sometimes possible to utilize the hay chute as a 
ventilating shaft, but it never should be depended upofi 
unless it can be built down to the stable floor and the 
hay taken out through a door which closes tightly, and 
even then not unless the openings through which hay is 
introduced are provided with close-shutting doors. But 
there are so many.difficulties in making this combination 
that it is only in exceptional cases where any effort 
should be made to utilize it. 
Wherever a stable gathers dampness and the air has 
an offensive, strong odor, noticed on entering it from 
the fresh air, the indications are strong that the change 
of the air in the stable is not sufficiently rapid. The 
moisture which collects on the walls and ceiling of sta¬ 
bles, especially when it does so to such an extent that 
it drips or stands in drops, should be taken as a posi¬ 
tive indication that the animals are suffering for lack 
of sufficient fresh air, and to line the stable in any 
manner which simply prevents the walls from becoming 
so cold, without in any way increasing the circulation 
of air, renders the stable positively more unsanitary, 
because the moisture which before was removed from 
the air and condensed upon the walls left the air of 
the stable that much drier, and so more sanitary. It is 
a common impression that basement stables are unsani¬ 
tary if they are damp, because they “draw moisture.” 
When this is true they are unsanitary, but not because 
they “draw moisture.” What dampness is on the wall, 
under those conditions, leaves the air of the stable that 
much drier; and to provide proper ventilation, if other 
conditions are wholesome, will make the basement stable 
reasonably sanitary. 
The mistake is sometimes made of providing the 
intakes in such a way that they are simply openings 
through the wall at the Ceiling, Such an arrangement 
will not answer; some, too, carry the aif from such 
openings along the ceiling to the center of the stable, 
leading the air from all sides into a perforated box, 
on the supposition that the cold air will drop down 
HYBRID AND TYPICAL ORANGE FOLIAGE. Fig. 51. 
See Ruralisms, rage 132. 
through the openings in front of the cattle. Such an 
arrangement is worse than useless, because it furnishes 
passageways through which the air may readily pass, 
under the pressure of the wind, in at the windward 
openings and directly through and out of the leeward 
openings, only a small portion of it circulating through 
the stable. Such an arrangement materially diminishes 
(he ventilation,. ' [Prof,] f, h, KlNGi 
