132 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
February 17, 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS 
Mk. Marti's Orange Hybrids. —Men¬ 
tion was made as long ago as August 9, 
1902, of hybrid oranges raised by G. Mar¬ 
ti, Houston, Texas, by hybridizing the 
hardy species, Citrus trifoliata, whicn 
thrives as far north as Boston, and bears 
profuse crops of small, sour, bitter and 
seedy oranges, without the slightest pro¬ 
tection on the Rural Grounds, and Sat- 
snma, a dwarfish variety of the kid glove 
or Mandarin orange, C. nobilis, bearing 
good-sized fruits of excellent quality. 
The hybrid bore oranges 2 Zz inches in 
diameter, with thin skin and sweet, juicy 
pulp, seldom containing seeds unless 
hand-pollinated, and hardy enough in tree 
to endure a temperature of two degrees 
above zero. As fas as we known this was 
the first account of the actual fruiting of 
Trifoliata hybrids, though reports of 
somewhat similar hybrids raised by the 
Washington Department of Agriculture, 
In' J. L. Normand, Marksville, La., and 
by a grower in Montauban, France, have 
since been published in The R. N.-Y. 
Mr. Marti has grown more hybrids, and 
sends interesting samples of the foliage 
of his seedlings for two generations and 
also, for comparison, leaves from the par¬ 
ent types. These are all shown much re¬ 
duced in size, in Fig. 51, page 122. Nos. 
3 and 4 are, respectively, leaves from the 
pollen and seed parents of the first gen¬ 
eration hybrid No. 1. This leaf is larger 
than those of either parent, and shows a 
tendency to become trifoliate, or divide 
in three leaflets like No. 4. No. 2 is a 
self-pollinated seedling of No. 1, and has 
the remarkable addition of another pair 
of leaflets, making five in all, while the 
relative form of each is much altered. 
Mr. Marti writes as follows: 
1 note a statement in It. N.-Y. of January 
fi, which interested me very much, since I 
had a quite similar experience, though witli 
a different family of plants. You say, refer¬ 
ring to those barberry hybrids: “Seedlings 
growing from these primary hybrids, however, 
vary to a most interesting degree, some t/oiny 
back or beyond the extreme type of either 
parent, etc.” Now, as to my experience in 
tlie same line, I sowed some hybrid orange 
seeds from a cross of the Kawashl orange 
on the Citrus trifoliata. The Kawashl is a 
Japanese Mandarin orange, closely resembling 
in growth, foliage and fruit the Satsuma, 
though not quite as hardy as the latter. Now, 
while the primary hybrids show a strong in¬ 
fusion of the tame orange blood, as you will 
see by the enclosed leaves, the seedlings 
thereof have a strong tendency to revert to 
the seemingly more prepotent wild species. 
Not only does it seem that Dame Nature re¬ 
sents this, to her, repulsive union, and re¬ 
stores with a bounce tlie* regular three leaves 
of the C. trifoliata, but even overreaches her¬ 
self and puts on some of those seedlings an 
additional pair of leaves, so as to make them 
even live-leaved. While 1 have raised thou¬ 
sands of C. trifoliata seedlings. 1 never be¬ 
fore have seen one with five leaflets. By 
examing the enclosed leaves you will see my 
statement verified. There appear to be phases 
in plant-breeding difficult to understand and 
theories thereon are all set at naught. 
The science of plant breeding is in its 
earliest infancy. We are still groping in 
the dark, and problems constantly arise 
difficult to solve with present experience. 
Enough has been done, however, to war¬ 
rant the supposition that if seedlings of 
this orange hybrid are continuously 
grown for succeeding generations without 
the intervention of foreign pollen, the 
type of C. trifoliata, shown in No. 4, will 
ultimately prevail, though occasional re¬ 
versions to forms like Nos. 1 and 3 
might be expected. The orange is a plant 
easily propagated by divisions, such as 
buds, grafts and cuttings, so that any de¬ 
sirable variety occurring during such de¬ 
velopment may be preserved and almost 
indefinitely increased regardless of the 
uncertainty of seed propagation. Nature, 
apparently, does not approve of many of 
man’s efforts to alter her course of pro¬ 
cedure, yet she generally provides a way 
for him to reap any real or fancied bene¬ 
fits that may arise from his efforts. For 
instance, civilized mankind prefers to 
dwell in houses rather than trust to scanty 
natural shelter, yet let man build himself 
a house, even of the most careful con¬ 
struction and of the most lasting mate¬ 
rials, nature resents it, and is ever busy 
pulling it down from the moment of 
completion, and if not met with continual 
repairs, will in time reduce it to ruins 
and finally to a mere heap of mold, brick 
or stones. By meddling with the smooth 
flow of transmitted energy or life force in 
plants we occasionally incite the produc¬ 
tion of forms highly useful to us, though 
unable to resist the silent pull of nature’s 
forces without man’s continual interven¬ 
tion in the way of careful culture and 
artificial methods of propagation. If left 
to themselves our present highly special¬ 
ized fruits, vegetables and cereals would 
doubtless perish from the earth, or go 
back to something near the original wild 
and weedy types. Under our fostering 
care plant development may proceed to 
unimaginable perfection, but with each 
tuuvard step increased vigilance is needed 
to keep that which has been gained. 
Let in the Sunlight. —At this season 
we may note all too rarely the occasional 
home-owner with courage and conviction 
sufficient to thin out or remove crowd¬ 
ed, misshapen or decrepit trees from 
about his dwelling More “nerve” is need¬ 
ed than might be expected in so simple a 
matter. In addition to one’s natural re¬ 
luctance to destroy the growth of years 
about every on-looker is sure to voice his 
disapproval. No matter how useless the 
trees—how dank and gloomy the shade— 
how forlorn and cheerless the broken 
limbs and diseased trunks, short of actual, 
immediate danger—the self-appointed critic 
who may never have planted a tree him¬ 
self seems bound to protest against clear¬ 
ing out with the argument that it takes a 
long time to grow trees about a house. 
This curious conservatism doubtless has 
its advantage in preventing the destruc¬ 
tion of useful trees, but also its unrea¬ 
sonable side when applied to special 
cases, and generally to certain kinds of 
overgrown or obstructing trees. Sun¬ 
light is the chief of earth’s blessings, 
and the greatest conservator of health 
and good spirits. No dwelling should be 
densely shaded at any season. Young and 
thrifty trees or vigorous full-grown spec¬ 
imens of the right kinds, in the proper 
situations, and at sufficient distances to 
cast partial shade during the heat of Sum¬ 
mer are indeed precious, and cannot be 
too highly valued, but crowded, old or 
broken trees, particularly of such trashy 
species as Soft or Silver maples. Box eld¬ 
ers or Carolina poplars may often be at 
once eyesores and nuisances to be abated. 
The ardent but inexperienced home¬ 
maker, in his desire for quick effect, is 
likely to plant too thickly of coarse or 
rapid-growing species, and he or his suc¬ 
cessor must later face the need of thin¬ 
ning out, or be deprived of a healthful 
share of sunshine. He must overcome 
his own reluctance to destroy the work 
of years and resist the pressure of ill- 
considered advice. Pictures of densely 
shaded farmhouses may appear very 
charming if the aches and pains, the de¬ 
pression of spirits and danger of lung 
troubles incident to gloom and dampness 
are overlooked, but every exnosed part of 
the actual home should be touched by sun¬ 
light at some time of day. Most of our 
northern country homes would he health¬ 
ier if bathed in full light all day, though 
nearby shade is very grateful, but south 
of Virginia nearby shade trees are quite 
necessary for comfort during the long, 
hot Summer. Plant trees about the home, 
hut preferably mass them for wind-breaks 
to the north or west. They should be 
more sparingly placed on the east and 
south, choosing attractive and durable 
species, and placing them so there will 
always be intervals of sunlight between 
the passing shadows as they sweep the 
dwelling. All trees have their merits, 
hut the brittle, soft maple that starves 
the grass on the lawn, or the gaunt and 
legvy Norway spruce that casts its gloom 
throughout the year should be used with 
great discretion and, as a rule, placed as 
far as possible from the buildings. There 
are scores of desirable kinds to plant; se¬ 
lections should be made from those locally 
successful, but no matter how attractive a 
tree may be in itself, if it casts gloom on 
the household it should be destroyed. 
Plant trees witli care and thought of their 
ultimate effect, and do not he slow to up¬ 
root those that have outlived their use¬ 
fulness. w. f. v. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page IS. 
' 
Monarch 
Hydraulic 
Cider Press 
Great strength and ca¬ 
pacity; all sizes; also 
gasoline engines, 
steam engines, 
saw mills, thresh¬ 
ers. Catalog free. 
Monarch Machinery Co., Room 161, 39 Cortlandt St., New York. 
Cider Machinery—Send for Catalogue to Boomer & 
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water St..Syracuse, N.Y. 
MRS. WINSLOW’S 
SOOTHING SYRUP 
has been used by Millions of Mothers for their 1 
children while Teething for over Fifty Years. < 
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays < 
all pain, cures wind colic, and Is the best < 
remedy for diarrhtea. 
TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE. 
PISO S CURE FOR 
CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS 
Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good. 
Use in time. Sold by druggists. 
CONSUMPTION 
GENUINE PERUVIAN GUANO 
Warranted Pure and Unadulterated. 
THE BEST SOURCE OF PLANT 
FOOD. 
Nitrate of Soda, Basic Slag, Potash Salts 
AND ALL 
Fertilizer Materials at Lowest Prices. 
Our 80 Page Book. Plant Food Problems, 
sent free of charge, if you mention The Rural 
New-Yorker. 
Our Agricultural Expert will test your soil and 
advise as to its proper fertilization, free of charge. 
We distribute fertilizing materials from New 
York, Boston, Mass., and Charleston, S- C. 
COE-MORTIMEK COMPANY, 
137 Front Street, New York City. 
P URE CANADA HARDWOOD ASHES 
The Best and Most Lasting Fertilizer. 
Good buyers know where to get good quality. Be¬ 
low is a sample of the orders I am now hooking: 
New York, June 16, 1905. My Dear Mr. Joynt— 
According to our conversation to-day, you may ship 
me 5 large carloads of ashes to Kensico, N.Y. I want 
3 carloads to spread on 40 acres of land that I intend 
to sow to rye tii is fall, and 2 carloads for our cemetery. 
Be sure you send me the Joynt brand. Very truly 
you rs. (Sgd.) Reese CARPENTER, Comptroller. 
KWWrite for price and information to 
JOHN joynt, L. B. 297, Lucknow, Ont. 
SAVE YOUR TREES 
from the Ravage of SAN JOSE, COTTONY 
MAPLE SCALE, PSYLLA, Etc. 
ALL YOU NEED IS 
“ SCALEGIDE,” Water, U&i2SS£ 
Simple, more effective and cheaper than LIME, 
SULPHUR and SALT. 
For sample, testimonials and price de¬ 
livered at your Railroad station, address 
B. G. Pratt Co.,11 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 
SALIMENE 
THE BEST REMEDY FOR 
SAN JOSE SCALE. 
Liquid or Powder Form. Circulars and price on 
application. 
MONMOUTH CHEMICAL WORKS, 
Shrewsbury, New Jersey. 
More Power Spraying outfits with 
onr 11 aixl 2k> H. P. AIK-COOLE1) 
Engines are used than all others com¬ 
bined. No water to freeze or carry. 
It is light. Write for Catalog 5 on 
Engines for Power and'Spraying 
11. H. deyo & CO., Binghamton, Now York. 
^Auto-Spray 
4 gal. tank, brass pump, operates by 
compressed air. 12strokes givepressnre 
to spray % acre. Auto-Pop Attachment 
cleans nozzle every time used; saves 
half the mixture. Rest line high grade 
sprayers, hand and power, in America. 
Catalog free. Good agents wanted. 
E. C. BROWN CO., 
28 Jay St., Rochester, N. Y. 
High Grade Brass 
Sprayers 
Single and double act¬ 
ing. Bucket, Knapsack, 
Barrel, Pumps, nozzles 
and appliances. 
Best and most complete pump 
sprayer line made. Catalog fr< 
BARNES MFC. CO,, Dept. 13. Mansfield, 
Denting Power Sprayer 
Self-contained, simple, light, pract¬ 
ical. Load it on wagon box or tun" 
wagon and attach hose and you are 
ready ror work. The Ideal outfit 
for orchardlsts and park 
managers. The only really 
efficient gasoline engine out¬ 
fit .at sells at a reasonable 
price. 
Everything in Sprayers 
Bucket, Barrel, Knapsack, 
Hand, Etc. outfits adapted 
to every purpose. Don’t buy 
till you Investigate the 
famous Deming line. 
Catalogue Free. 
THE DEMING CO., 
Dept. 200, 
SALEM, OHIO. 
-BOOK ON SPRAYING 
Send for a copy of our new book on how 
-tosprav. Contains valuable formulas, 
and also describes the PERFECTION SPRAY¬ 
ER— simplest, strongest, most powerful spraver ever 
invented. Don't buy a sprayer until you get this book. 
THOB1A8 PKPPLGR, Box 45, flights! own, N. J. 
Free Address On Alfalfa 
by N. C. Dunlap, Manager Watson's Ranch, 
Kearney, Neb., (the largest in the world.) will 
be furnished by the makers of the reliable, old 
Cahoon 
Hand 
Broadcast 
Seed 
Sower. 
Write now to 
GOODELL COMPANY. 
IA Main Street, Antrim, N. H. 
BH0DES DOUBLE OUT 
PRUNING SHEAR 
Cuts from 
both sides of 
limb and does 
not bruise 
the bark. 
We pay Ex¬ 
press charges 
on all orders. 
Write tor 
circular and 
prices. 
423 West Bridge St., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 
RHODES MFC. CO. 
Itls Worth While 
buy a machine that does the work 
right— that cleans its strainer 
automatically with a brush , 
mixes liquid mechanically so that 
ullage is never burned, but gets 
ts due proportion. 
Empire King, and 
Orchard Monarch 
do these things. They throw tineat 
■pray, are easiest to work and they 
never clog. You ought to know 
more about them. Write for in¬ 
struction book on spraying, form¬ 
ulas, etc. Mailed [free. 
FIELD FORCE PI MP CO., 
No. 2 11th 8t. , Elmira, N. Y. 
SPRAY OR SURRENDER 
that is the ultimatum that in¬ 
sects and fungi have served 
on every fruit-grower of 
America. If you do 
not heed the warning 
you will not get profits, 
from your orchards. 
Every man who sprays intel¬ 
ligently, at the proper time,, 
finds it the most profitable 
operation on the farm. 
Send for illustrated catalogue > 
of the ECLIPSE Spray Pumps 
and outfits. 
Morrill & Morley, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
SPRAYING FRUIT TREES. 
The question of spraying fruit trees to prevent tlie • 
depredations of insect pests and fungus diseases is 
no longer an experiment, but a necessity. 
Our readers will do well to write Win. Stahl Sprayer 
Co., Box 7UJ, Quincy, III., and get their catalogue 
describing twenty-one styles of Spraying Outfits and 
full treatise on spraying the different fruit and 
vegetable crops, which contain much valuable in¬ 
formation, and may be had free. 
BARREL SPRAYER "FREE! 1 
Write today to find out how to se¬ 
cure a Hurst “FITZ-ALL” Spray¬ 
er FREE; fits all sizes barrels and 
tanks. Sprays all solutions, has 
bronze valves, brass cylinder and 
plunger, strainer cleaner and three 
agitators. More economical, 
and easierto operate than any 
other sprayer on the market. 
I GUARANTEED for 5 YEARS. 
T [H-A IK \\ Special offeron first one in 
each locality, to intro- 
blilUk' 1 . \duce. Full information 
V: furnished. 
L. HURST MFG. CO. 
40/ North St., Canton, 0. 
Sprayers to Spray “everything ’’-($2 to $too.) Sent 
on todays’ trial. At wholesale where no agent 
HORICUM 
KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE 
Mn<le 
by 
HAMMOND’S SLOG SHOT WORKS, 
SOLD BY SEED DEALERS OF AMERICA. 
Grimm, Charcoal Tin, Honest Measure Syrup Cans. 
They do not leak and .ire better made than cheap Coke 
Tin Cans. Price $10.00 per 100 terms May 1st, next; $0.(0 
per 100 for cash with order, f. o. b. your station in 
lots of 50 or more. 
GRIMM SAP SPOUTS are guaranteed to produce 
one-fourth more sap with less injury to the tree. Gal¬ 
vanized east iron spouts should not be used. 
Sample Spout and Print “C” Free. Sample can, 14c. 
Grimm Spout No. 4. G. H. GRIMM, 
Rutland, Vt. 
s 
