i72 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
March 3. 
first spraying with Bordeaux Mixture may be omitted. 
This practice is now being followed by some New York 
apple growers. 
SUMMARY.—It seems to me that the experiments 
thus far performed warrant the conclusion that lime, 
salt and sulphur is a fairly good fungicide, nearly as 
good as Bordeaux Mixture; and that when it is used 
against the scale we may expect it to take the place of 
an application of Bordeaux Mixture that would have 
been given at that time. G. f. warren. 
POLLINATION OF FRUIT TREES. 
There are many fruit trees which, though blooming 
freely, fail to mature their fruit. This is mainly due 
to their being self-sterile. Especially so is this true of 
the plum. To make such trees fruitful I have devised 
the following method: When the first blossoms begin 
to open, take pint or quart botttles, fill them with water, 
and secure them to the branches of the barren tree. 
Then take branches from trees of a different variety, 
or varieties, of the same blooming season as the barren 
tree and insert them to full depth into the bottles. The 
blossoms on the pollenizing branches will open and re¬ 
main in bloom as long as those of the barren tree. This 
is also a very easy and convenient way of producing 
cross-bred seedlings. The advantages of this method 
over that of grafting or budding in fertilizers are sev¬ 
eral. There is no time lost in waiting for the fertilizers 
to develop, as in case of grafted or budded ones. There 
is no injury done to the parent tree. If the resulting 
seedlings, or the pollenizers are not satisfactory, other 
pollenizers may be tried the next year. As many pol¬ 
lenizers may be used without lessening the bearing ca¬ 
pacity of the tree. The fertilizing branches may be 
transported from a distance, as late bloomers from the 
South to meet the early bloomers of the North. Early- 
blooming varieties may be kept in cold storage for the 
later ones, or late bloomers may be forced to njeet the 
early ones, etc. I have produced as high as 75 per cent 
of seedlings showing the parentage of the pollenizing 
branches. J. w. trinkle. 
Indiana. __________ 
POWER SPRAYING OUTFITS. 
During the past few years great development has been 
made in power sprayers. We have often been asked to 
show how these sprayers are operated, so we show this 
week a number of machines. There are many different 
kinds. A gasoline sprayer is shown at Fig. 66. This is 
one of the newer machines. As will be seen, the en¬ 
gine is placed close to the tank so that litttle power is 
lost. When not in use the engine can be used for saw¬ 
ing wood, cutting fodder or similar work. A steam outfit 
used by Albert Wood of Orleans Co., N. Y., is shown at 
Fig. 70. This gives excellent satisfaction. Both of these 
outfits are heavy, require a large team to haul them, and 
make a tough haul in soft ground, but they do good 
work, and blow out the spray as wanted. The heavy 
weight of these powers has led to the introduction of 
another type, in which compressed air or gas under 
high pressure does the work. Fig. 69 shows one form. 
Mere we have two strong tanks. One is filled with the 
spraying material and the other connected with it, into 
which air is pumped at high pressure. The force of this 
compressed air blows the liquid out of the other tank 
not unlike a great pop-gun. The tank shown in the 
picture was partly filled with compressed air, but the 
air pump was not strong enough to give the desired 
power and so gas was used to finish the job. The sin¬ 
gle tank shown at Fig. 67 is a homemade contrivance 
which has done good service. It is, as will be seen, 
mounted on two wheels with rude poles for shafts. In 
use this tank is filled about two-thirds full with spray 
liquid, and then charged with gas. At first an effort was 
made to generate this gas on the farm, but now the 
liquid gas is bought in “drums” or steel tubes. Con¬ 
nection is made between this tube and the tank by 
A SMALL FRUIT SUGGESTION. Fig. 77. 
means of a rubber tube, and enough of the gas let in to 
give the pressure. These gas tanks are quite satisfac¬ 
tory. They are light, easy to handle and seldom out of 
repair. Fig. 68 shows a hand-pump outfit very useful 
for work in vineyards, while Fig. 65 is a simple, home¬ 
made contrivance by means of which two large barrels 
give “a 100-gallon tank.” 
PEACH YELLOWS. 
Yellows must be reckoned with by the peach grower 
as one of the troubles he will have to fight. Its cause 
is not yet known, and no cure for a true case of 
yellows has yet been found. Growers who have not 
studied the symptoms of this trouble often class all 
trees with a yellow foliage as “yellows” trees, and 
then say that with proper treatment a large number of 
yellows trees will recover. Yellow foliage is only one 
symptom of the disease, and the one least dependable. 
Probably the first symptom of yellows shown in trees 
A BUSHEL OF ELBERTAS—THE BUSINESS PEACH. 
Fig. 78. 
old enough to bear fruit is a premature ripening, 
coupled with a red-spotted appearance of the fruit, or 
when fruit is cut showing red rays or streaks radiating 
from pit to skin. This is one of the most certain in¬ 
dications of yellows, and is often shown by only a peach 
or two, or the fruit upon a small branch during the 
first year of the trouble. Later developments of the 
disease show a yellow'ish cast of foliage, and the second 
year most of the fruit upon the tree ripens prematurely, 
and is insipid and worthless. The so-called broom 
sprouts are also a sure indication of the disease, espe¬ 
cially its later stages. They appear as tufts of thin, 
wiry shoots, or single shoots, upon any part of trunk 
or branches, and have the peculiarity of always striving 
to assume a perfectly upright position. See Fig. 74. 
Plant pathologists have found no cause for the dis¬ 
ease, and in the early history of yellows in western 
New York some growers lost two or three plantings, 
in trying to cure or combat the trouble by some system 
of fertilization or culture. But as no cure for the 
trouble was found gradually among the best growers 
the practice of cutting out all diseased trees came into 
vogue, and results soon indicated that where this prac¬ 
tice was followed up in the most thorough manner 
and yellows trees taken out on the first indication of 
disease, the loss was gradually reduced and brought to 
a minimum. To-day we find that the best peach grow¬ 
ers, who have been in business any length of time, are 
following this practice with success, unless there are 
neglected adjoining orchards. Anyone who has watched 
the progress of the yellows in an orchard for a term of 
years is soon convinced that in some way it spreads 
from an affected tree to adjoining healthy ones. Buds 
taken from yellows trees and inserted in healthy trees 
invariably transmit the disease, if the bud grows. 
The question is often asked if it is possible successfully 
to reset a young peach tree where a “yellows” tree has 
been removed. Mr. Hale, at the recent meeting of the 
New York State Fruit Growers’ Association said: “No” 
most emphatically. The practice is followed by many 
of the best growers of western New York, however, 
with but slight loss from yellows in the reset trees, al¬ 
though the percentage of loss is larger than in new 
plantings, even when extra precautions are taken. In 
western New York to-day “little peach disease” prom¬ 
ises to be as destructive as yellows, but is controlled by 
the same methods. Without question if the destroying 
of all “yellows” and “little peach” trees in the first 
stages of disease was practiced the loss from these dis¬ 
eases would be much reduced. b. d. v. b. 
REMAKING AN OLD LAWN. 
What is the best way of laying out a worn-out lawn with 
out plowing, and the best fertilizer to use? What is the 
best way to get rid of the large white worms that destroy 
lawns and grass, and having done this, how shall the lawn 
be brought up again? c. f. f. 
Charles River, Mass. 
Heavy applications of fine old stable manure at 
the rate of at least 20 tons to the acre is the best means 
of restoring the fertility of worn-out lawns. The ap¬ 
plication should be made in Winter or early Spring, and 
may be raked off after a few heavy rains, and a mixture 
of Red-top and Kentucky Blue grass seeds, equal parts 
by weight, sown at the rate of five bushels, or 70 pounds 
to the acre. It would be well also to apply at this time 
a good complete chemical fertilizer, such as market gar¬ 
deners use for potatoes and early vegetables, at the rate 
of 1.500 pounds to the acre of lawn, and thoroughly 
scratch over the surface of the soil with rake or har¬ 
row to cover the seed and incorporate the fertilizer. 
Fertility may be kept up in succeeding years by annual 
dressings of stable manure put on in Winter, or applica¬ 
tions of nitrate of soda and wood ashes, 200 pounds ni¬ 
trate and 2.000 pounds ashes to the acre, both broadcast 
in Spring before rains. There is no practical way to rid 
your lawn of white grubs or worms except plowing it 
and frequently cultivating the soil for a season or so. 
The grubs may be somewhat controlled by fertilizing 
enough to promote a heavy growth of grass, and dis¬ 
couraged by frequent heavy rolling. The most destruc¬ 
tive white grub is the larva of the May beetle, living 
for three years on grass roots in the soil. It is pos¬ 
sible that after the present brood has matured and 
emerged in beetle form you may not again be seriously 
troubled. The best treatment is liberal fertilization of 
the soil to promote vigorous growth of grass. 
Trees 
FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL 
Evergreens 
Shrubs Roses 
Hardy Plants 
All the Best and Hardiest Varieties 
Largest and Most Varied Collections in America 
ELLWANGER & BARRY 
Nurserymen—Horticulturists 
MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES 
Established 1840 
ROCHESTER NEW YORK 
Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue (144 
pages),also Descriptive List of Novelties 
and Specialties with beautiful colored 
plate of the New Hardy White Rose 
FRAU DRUSCHKI mailed FREE on 
request. 
DO YOU WANT THE EARLIEST 
TOMATOES IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD? 
Dreer’s Earliest Cluster, 
THE EARLIEST TOMATO IN EXISTENCE 
O 17 A I Y A X utt A HP the rural new-yorker 
VV TI/jl X says in issue of October 7th, 1905: 
“This is indeed an extra early kind. Our plants ripened their first 
fruit six days before ‘Earliana,’ set at the same time. The plants 
are rapid and strong in growth and are still in good vigor Septem¬ 
ber 23. The quality of the ripe fruits suited us better than any of 
the very early kinds. If we grew early tomatoes for market we should 
be inclined to put in a good breadth of ‘Dreer’s Earliest Cluster.’ ” 
DREER’S EARLIEST CLUSTER 
is the earliest Tomato ever introduced, also the most productive and best 
in quality of all extra early varieties. It is of good size and a bright red 
color, making an exceedingly handsome appearance. The plants are of 
quick and healthy growth, and fruits ripen fully a week ahead of “Spark’s 
Earliana’’; crowns ripen in three to five days while the “Earliana” re¬ 
quires at least ten days. The tomatoes grow in large clusters (see illus¬ 
tration), as many as ten to twelve fully ripe tomatoes can be picked at 
one time from some clusters. It will prove a money-maker to every 
MARKET GARDENER WHO GROWS IT THIS YEAR. 
Price of Seed: Pkt. 15 cts.; 14 oz., 30 cts.; 
oz., 50 cts.; lb., $1.50. By mail postpaid. 
DREER’S GARDEN BOOK for 1906 offers many choice new’ things 
this year—224 pages, 6 colored plates and hundreds of fine photo-en¬ 
gravings. Order some of the Tomato Seed offered above and ask for a 
copy of this book which will be mailed free if you mention the Rural 
New-Yorker.' 
___ A 714 CHESTNUT STREET, 
iienry A. Ureer, PHILADELPHIA, pa. 
