?,58 
March 24, 
WHEN SHALL WE PLANT? 
Variations in Conditions. —To the ex¬ 
perienced gardener this is a simple mat¬ 
ter. but to the novice it is often not so 
clear. Nor is it easy to give satisfactory 
information on the subject, owing to the 
various degrees of hardiness of the differ¬ 
ent vegetables, the variation of seasons 
and the climatic differences of various 
sections due to latitude and altitude. It 
is evident that dates, as often given, are 
of limited and doubtful application. Prob¬ 
ably the safest way to judge the time to 
plant is by observing weather conditions 
and the development of the bloom and 
foliage of native trees. Almost every 
kind of vegetable varies in some degree 
in hardiness from every other, but for 
practical purposes we may divide them 
into two groups, hardy and tender. For¬ 
tunately the greater number belong to the 
first group, including as it does, beets, 
cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, celery, let¬ 
tuce, parsley, onions, peas, parsnips, rad¬ 
ishes, spinach, salsify, turnips and several 
others not so generally grown. All these, 
it is safe to sow as early in the Spring 
as the soil can be got into good condition; 
as the seeds of none of them are liable to 
injury before germination, and the young 
plants will withstand some degree of 
frost. It is true that beets and peas, and 
possibly a few others, may be destroyed 
by unseasonably severe weather, and 
wrinkled peas occasionally fail to germi¬ 
nate because of long-continued cold rains; 
but these instances are so rare that when 
earliness is desired, it is best to plant as 
soon as possible. This also applies to 
potatoes, for while the plants are tender 
to frost, the seed pieces are seldom in¬ 
jured in the soil, and by the time the 
plants reach the surface, danger from 
frost is usually past. 
Tender Vegetables. —The list of tender 
vegetables includes all those that are sen¬ 
sitive to frost and that require relatively 
high temperature to insure germination. 
This list includes corn, beans, tomatoes, 
peppers, eggplant, muskmelons, water¬ 
melon, pumpkin, squash and a few others. 
They vary more in their ability to with¬ 
stand adverse conditions than the hardy- 
group; but taken together and taking the 
average season, when the apple is in 
bloom or the forest trees show the first 
decided tinge of green, is about as early 
as it is safe to plant seeds of these in the 
open ground under average conditions. 
Tomatoes are perhaps the most marked 
exception. Coming up as they often do 
from seeds of last year’s crop in the open 
field, shows the seed to be almost entirely 
hardy, and the plants when small will 
withstand some frost if protected from 
the sun. With all these crops, when earli¬ 
ness is desired, much may be gained b}' 
risking early planting and replanting if 
necessary. Much may be done to insure 
the success of early planting by the man¬ 
ner in which it is done; for failure is more 
often due to failure in germination than 
injury by frost; and this failure to germi¬ 
nate is most frequently caused by planting 
too deeply; hence the situation of the 
seed is too wet and too cold. For several 
years I have successfully planted the 
hardier varieties of table corn at an 
early date in the following manner: The 
rows were marked out, the fertilizer scat¬ 
tered broadcast over the furrow, and 
mixed by running through again; then 
setting the two shares of the marker close 
together, the furrow was closed and in its 
stead a low ridge thrown up. This was 
flattened and firmed by rolling. The corn 
was dropped on the ridge by hand, 
pressed into the soil by treading on it. 
and covered to the depth of about one- 
half inch, with a hoe. That leaves it 
with both moisture and drainage assured 
and all the warmth the season will afford. 
By this means I always have a uniform 
stand; even when planting as I did last 
season, as early as April 4, the ground 
being frozen over after the seed had ger¬ 
minated. For the extra trouble I have 
a week or more in the market without 
any serious competition. The same prin¬ 
ciple will apply to beans and other tender 
crops, and is in general use in growing 
squash, cucumbers and melons. The as¬ 
sertion is often made that nothing is 
gained by early planting, but in general 
this is not true. If not cut off by frost, 
other conditions being equal, the time of 
germination largely determines the time 
of maturity. 
Starting Plants Under Glass. —It is 
scarcely necessary to say that to secure 
early tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, cabbage, 
cauliflower, or, in fact, any vegetable that 
may be transplanted to advantage it is 
necessary to start the plants in green¬ 
house, hotbed or window-box. But at 
what time should the seed be sown ? 
Hardy vegetables, if well hardened, mav 
safely be set out as soon as danger of 
severe frost is past, and the tender group 
after all danger from frost, except egg- 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
plant, which should not be set out until 
two or three weeks later, when the soil 
becomes warm. Excepting these, and per¬ 
haps sweet potatoes, much the same may 
be said with regard to the early setting of 
plants that has been said with regard to 
early planting of seeds. The seed of 
most vegetables should be sown in the 
bed about eight weeks before the time the 
plants are to be set out. Bor onions, 
started in this way, more time is required. 
If plants are to be transplanted in the 
bed the seed should be sown a week 
or 10 days earlier. When sowing in the 
open ground in the early part of the sea¬ 
son, about the same time is required for 
plants to develop; but later, when soil and 
air are warm only five or six weeks are 
required. This does not apply to celery, 
which requires much more time—in fact, 
the whole season for full development— 
and should always be sown early. Sweet 
potatoes should be bedded about six 
weeks before the plants are to be set. 
Crops in Succession. —Thus far we 
have considered planting to start the sea¬ 
son; now let us take up planting for suc¬ 
cession. In a general way the later vari¬ 
eties of vegetables are larger and of bet¬ 
ter quality than the early varieties, so 
that to secure the first three periods in 
the succession it is usually best to plant 
early, mid-season and late varieties at 
the same time, and then continue the suc¬ 
cession by planting the late varieties at 
suitable intervals. It is of course useless 
to make a second planting until the for¬ 
mer one has made a start, but when wea¬ 
ther conditions are favorable the inter¬ 
vals for radishes, lettuce and spinach 
should be about 10 days; for corn, bush 
Out-Door Work 
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986 -E Cherry St. , Philadelphia, Pa. 
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•‘a square deal.” See guarantee, page 18. 
A Dnnvfrafp FOR GILT-EDGE STRAW- 
A rUlly LddlC bkhries. Secure Gilt-edge 
prices for your berries. Send 
Crate and prices per 100 or 1000. 
T. C. KEVITT, Inventor, 
10c. for a Sample 
Athenia, N. J. 
Cirau/horrv Plants $2 and up perlOOO; crates and 
OIlaWUClTy baskets cheap; also B P.K.eggs 15 for 
$1, 40 for 12. Catalog free. W. It. Lawrence, Marion, O. 
nFU/RFDDV plants & blackberry 
UC, \y DCI\I\ I i>i,ANTS FOR SALE. Send for 
price. MICHAEL N. BORGO, Box 69, Vineland, N.J. 
President Strawherrv Kansas and Gregg Rasp- 
rresiueni zurawuerry, berry PlantSi all one 
price $8.00 per thousand, $1.00 per 100. 
THOMAS K. HUNT, Lambertville, N. J. 
Strawberry Plants. 
$1.50 per M. and up. Also RASPBERRY and 
BLACKBERRY plants at low prices. Healthy, 
heavy rooted stock. True to name. Price list free. 
A. R. WESTON & CO.. R. D. 8, Bridgman, Mich. 
FAIRFAX ROSES 
Cannot n © Ecjnn-llcd. 
o A DflCCC Blooming Site FAQ ^ I 
IlUvCw Plants, Postpaid lUll VI 
Including Helen Gould, Paul Neyron, General Jack, 
Striped La France, White Cochet and others of equal 
value. All labeled. The same in strong two-year 
plants by express, $3.50. Catalogue of all green¬ 
house plants and DAHLIAS FREE. 
W. K. GRAY, Box 1, Oakton, Fairfax Co.,Va. 
30 
% PAID Honest and 
4 40^ & 50° wide-awake Agents 
For selling our High-grade 
Fruit & Ornamental Trees! 
Small Fruits, Shrubs, Roses and Vines, i 
l Business established 1846. First-class references ; 
must accompany application. 
THE M. H. HARMAN COMPANY, 
Geneva, N. Y. 
J^vwwwvwwwwwwwvwwwvw^ 
a 
WEST MICHIGAN TREES. 
Buds cut from bearing trees insure stock true to nune. Tiro mil¬ 
lion apple, peach, cherry, plum, pear ami quince. Ornamental 
Stock. Order direct at wholesale prices. Write to-day for 
beautifully illustrated free catalogue. 
>■ West Ml eh.Nurseries, Box 54 Benton Harbor,Mich. 
TRADK HARK. 
ROGERS TREES ARE 
DIFFERENT 
FROM OTHERS. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, 
Dansville, N. Y. 
APPLE BREEDERS. 
Best book on Strawberry Culture ever written. 
Worth its weight in gold. Free if you send your 
address. R. M. Kellogg Co., Box 480 Three Rivers. Mich. 
The best blackberry of recent introduction. Get the 
genuine direct from introducer. Eldorado, per¬ 
fectly hardy and reliable blackberry. Lucretia, 
Blowers and other Blackberries. Miller, Welch, 
Cuthbert, Early King, Kansas and other Raspberries, 
4U best varieties of Strawberries, Currants, Grapes, 
and other small fruit plants and trees, a large 
stock of California Privet, all sizes very low. For 
price list and illustrated circular of Ward Black¬ 
berry address Chas. Black, Eightstown, N. J. 
TREES 
All First class. Freshdug. Nocold 
storage stock. 38th year. 80-page 
catalog. G. C. STONE’S WHOLE 
SALE NURSERIES, Dansville, N. Y 
GLADIOLI 
THE BEST IN THE WORLD 
Groff’s Hybrids (Genuine), and other high 
grade Strains. Winners of the GRAND 
PRIZE World’s Fair St. Louis, 1904. 
Write for illustrated catalogue. 
ARTHUR COWEE 
Meadowvale Farm Berlin, N.Y. 
Strawtoorry Plants. 
, MONEY MAKERS: 
Excelsior, Bubach, Par¬ 
son’s Beauty, Gandy. $1.75 
imr Ifillh P.lrnnlnro VRF1F, 
Others that are Good: 
Dunlap, Brandywine. 
Tennessee, Sample and 
0*1 erf Him 
Strawberry Plants ^f.^epLntsm.oo 
per TOGO. Big assortment trees, plants, shrub¬ 
bery, roses, &c. Write for New Catalogue. CHAT¬ 
TANOOGA NURSERIES. Chattanooga, Teuu. 
PLANTS 
Transplanted plants of the highest quality, that will 
yield products true to type, Buy from the largest, 
cheapest, and most reliable growers in America and 
get stock that will give you satisfaction. Write for 
descriptive catalogue. THE J. E. HUTTON CO., 
Conyngham, Pa., formerly J. E. Huttou & Sou. 
RUBY RED RASPBERRY 
Best to grow for all purposes. Order early as our 
stock is limited. Send for circular. 
C. G. VELIE & SON, Marlboro, N. Y., 
Valley View Fruit Farm. 
OVER FIFTY YEARS oT 
iiquure dealing entitle* the 
di aler to the consideration 
of all wlio buy his sort of 
goods. Reliability and re¬ 
sponsibility should always 
count. Our specialty is and 
always has been selling direct 
to the planter, whothusgets 
the best and pays but one 
profit. Everything of the 
best for Orchard, Vineyard, 
Law’ll, Purk, Street, Garden 
and Greenhouse. Rarest 
new* and choicest old. We 
send by mull postpaid Seeds. Plants, Vines, Itulbs, 
Roses Eic., and guarantee safe urrlval und satisfac¬ 
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page Cutuloguo FREE. Send for it and see what 
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TI1K STORKS & HARRISON CO., 
Box 246, PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 
PIONEER CUARANTEED 
NURSERY STOCK 
AT WHOLESALE PRICES. 
gJ All stock guaranteed disease free— 1 
W true to name—pure bred and heavy 
crop producers. Full value for every 
_ dollar sent us. No agent’s commis- 
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B Wo will save you money. 
S HART PIONEER NURSERIES 
mEstablished 1865. Fort Scott, Kan 
Ray Peaches 
Great Profit variety. Choice, hand¬ 
some fruit, trees loaded every year. 
Fine shippers. Also Reeves, Chairs, 
Crawford Late. All good varieties. 
Concord, Moore's Early and 
other choice Grapes. 
HARRISON'S NURSERIES, 
All Apples 
Best for every season. Over 100 
varieties. Rome Beauty, 
Crimes Golden, Stark.Creen- 
Ing, Baldwin etc. l-ree catalog 
in colors showing also Fears, 
Plums, Cherries, Asparagus, etc. 
Box 28 BERLIN, MD. 
TREES 
RED IA A CDCIftUT DAIfl Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina 
ren I v Uf rnciun I rAllf Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated. 
Allkindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Rememberwe heat all other reliable 
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y. 
DON’T 
PAY AGENT’S PRICES - 
FOR YOUR TREES. 
They’re nearly double. I have no agents. With my 
catalog in hand you can buy direct at wholesale prices just as well as if 
you were present in person. So when you buy Wood’s trees your money 
all goes into trees, not into expenses and commissions. And anybody who 
ever bought trees or vines from my Woodlawn Nurseries knows there s 
nothing better grown. Everything in Small Fruits, Apples, Peaches, Pears, 
etc. My stock of hardy, field grown bushes ought to interest every lover of 
roses. Special prices on an extra fine lot of Jonathan and Ben Davis 
Apples and Concord Grapes this spring. Catalog free. Write for it 
Allen L. Wood, 
Wholesale 
Grower, 
Rochester, N. Y. 
APPLE TREES 7c 
Hardy Varieties 
POPLAR- TREES AND R-OSE 
BUSHES. TEN CENTS EACH 
year plants 75 cents 
ASPAKAGU8, the most popular vegetable, yields at the rate of $400 per acre, two year i 
per 100; $4.50 per 1,000. Grape vines and fruit plants at low prices. POPLAR TREES for driveways, 
shade and lawns. The most rapid growing trees, 10c to 17 cents each. ROSES. A large collection oi 
hardy varieties, also our Live-for-Ever Pink Bose. 10c to 20c each. 
BUY DIRECT FROM GROWER —SAVE 35 S15r 
Let us price your list of wants. Green’s 1906 Catalogue-also copy of Green’s Big Fruit Magazine free. 
Send postal card for them today. GBEEN’B NUBSEBY COMPANY, WALL ST., BOCHESTEK, N. Y. 
