THE RURAL NEW-YORKJ2R 
259 
iooc. 
beans and peas two weeks, while three or 
four plantings of beets, cabbage, toma¬ 
toes and cucumbers will be sufficient for 
the season. Generally other vegetables 
either require the whole season to develop 
or continue productive to the end of 
the season. For the main crop of pota¬ 
toes planting may well be deferred until 
the season is a little advanced. 
Main Crops. —Cauliflower will not head 
up properly during the hot weather of 
Summer, so planting must be timed to 
bring it to maturity in early Summer or 
in the Fall. Lettuce, spinach and peas 
also thrive best during the cooler portions 
of the season, and in most sections may 
just as well be “retired” during mid¬ 
summer. While turnips may be grown in 
the Spring, they are usually grown as a 
Fall crop, and should be sown 10 or 12 
weeks previous to the usual time of se¬ 
vere frosts. It is difficult to state the 
time at which seed for the main crop 
or Winter supply of cabbage should be 
sown, as different varieties vary from 
four to six months in time required from 
germination to maturity; but for the later 
varieties, which are most generally used 
for this purpose, from five and one-half to 
six months previous to the usual time to 
store is about right. 
Risks of Frost Injury. —In many gar¬ 
dens the late Summer and Fall supplies 
of vegetables are woefully deficient, be¬ 
cause plantings are not continued late 
enough for fear lest the crop should be 
caught by frost. Every gardener should 
know the average date of killing frosts 
in his locality. It is much later in the 
Fall than is usually supposed. Here in 
southeastern Pennsylvania it is October 
26. Knowing the average time of frost, 
allow 10 days as a margin for fair safety, 
compute the time different vegetables re¬ 
quire to mature, and plant boldly to the 
limit. Occasionally there will be loss, but 
it is much more than compensated by 
the usual gain. A few words with regard 
to Fall sowing and planting to insure 
earliness in Spring; small onions of the 
main crop, or large sets may be planted 
any time in late Summer or Fall to pro¬ 
vide green onions or “scallions” in early 
Spring, Spinach, lettuce and cabbage sown 
about six weeks before the time of severe 
frosts can be successfully wintered in 
most sections. Spinach and the most 
hardy varieties of lettuce can usually be 
left in the open ground without special 
care, the spinach to be used as early 
“greens” and the lettuce as plants in early 
Spring. For Winter cabbage plants in the 
central and northern parts of the country 
it is necessary to transplant to cold frame 
for protection. This should be done as 
late as possible. The plants should be set 
deep; in fact, up to the crown to pre¬ 
vent the stem from bursting from the 
action of the frost. I have wintered sev¬ 
eral thousand annually for a number of 
years by planting closely in the frame 
about 75 to the square foot, covering 
frames in severe weather with board 
shutters; no glass is used. The shutters 
are removed during mild weather, and 
when left on for a considerable period 
some ventilation is given. Such plants 
are extremely hardy, and I have found 
this the cheapest and most satisfactory 
way to grow cabbage plants for the early 
crop. D. L. HARTMAN. 
Pennsylvania. 
EGYPTIAN ONIONS. 
On page 186 there is a query about 
Egyptian tree onion. There is no true 
Egyptian onion in this country, as far as 
I can see; the Egyptian onions are not 
hardy even in Paris, France, where the 
climate is more regular than in New 
York. Those used in the United States 
the market gardeners here call scallions. 
Vilmorin. in “Les Plantes Potageres,” 
calls them “onion Catawissa.” The Egyp¬ 
tian onions are planted in Orleans and vi¬ 
cinity; it is the only place where it is 
grown in France, for sets. In March the 
sets are put in; it looks like the one here, 
only somewhat larger. In June and July 
SAVE HALE YOUR TIME 
using: the Planet Jr. Lina of farm aad garden tools. They do the work faster, easier 
and better than it can be done in any other way. Our No. 8 Horse Hoe Is a perfect one' 
horse cultivator for corn, potatoes, cotton—indeed all crops planted in rows. Our Planet Jr, 
No. 25. is a Hill and Drill Beeder, Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow combined. Bows all 
garden seeds in continuous rows or drops in hills, 4, 8, 8, 13 or 24 inches 
apart. Works astride or between the row* throwing the earth to or 
from as desired. , 
| No. 25 Our new catalogue shows Seeders, Wheel Hoes, Horse Hoes, 
Combined \ Harrows, Riding Cultivators—one and two row—Beet Culti- 
Secder \ vators, etc. This book will delight and Instruct 
everyone interested in farming and gardening. 
Write for it to-day. Mailed free. 
. L. Allen A Co., 
Box 1107V. Philadelphia. Pa. 
they attain large sizes, nearly as large as 
tke Madeira onion or Prizetaker, as 
seedsmen here called them years ago. 
The largest ones on top are used, also 
the bulbs at the bottom.. If you plant a 
large bulb you get some large ones and 
some small ones a good deal like the 
Potato onion, only do not give black 
seeds. I do not know if the Catawissa 
is a sport of the true Egyptian onion or 
not; it does not bear large bulbs. I have 
tried them different times here, but they 
go frozen every time (I mean the Egyp¬ 
tian) ; J,hey come very early—we could 
have them in June here if they were 
planted in March. I never saw them ad¬ 
vertised in any catalogue; why do not the 
American seedsmen sell them? They are 
good articles. . henri beaulieu. 
Tannery Refuse as Fertilizer. 
J. C. M., Youngstown a O .—Is the refuse 
from a tannery, composed of some hair, 
scrapings of the hides, slaked lime, consid¬ 
erable salt, and probably five per cent of 
wheat bran, of much value to the soil? 
What would be the probable value of a two- 
horse load? I can get this for the hauling, 
about three miles. The hides are heavily 
dry-salted. Would there be any danger of 
too much salt injuring the land? Woidd it 
be best to spread it as hauled or be com¬ 
posted before using? Soil is rather a heavy 
clay loam. 
Ans. —Nothing but a fair guess can 
be made as to the value of such refuse. 
An average analysis shows that a ton 
contains about twice as much nitrogen 
as a ton of manure, but the nitrogen in 
hair is not available. We should con¬ 
sider $2.50 a load a good price. The 
salt is objectionable except on such crops 
as asparagus. We would prefer to use 
this refuse on sod or grain, not using over 
five tons per acre. In some places salt 
is used as a fertilizer for wheat and 
grass. It does best on very rich land, 
where its action is to hold back nitrifica¬ 
tion—that is, the change of nitrogen into 
an available form. This prevents the 
grass or grain from growing too fast 
and makes it “stand up” better. Salt is 
also thought to stiffen the straw of grain 
by setting free silica in the soil. We 
would not put this refuse on poor ground 
—to be plowed under. We would like to 
hear from readers who have used such 
refuse. _ 
The ship subsidy was under discussion. 
“As I understand it,” said the Senator 
from the interior, “you want the Govern- 
men to pay you for going into a profit¬ 
able business.” They tried to explain that 
this course would make the business even 
more profitable, but he was more obdu¬ 
rate. “Out in my country,” he said, “we 
do not have to bribe farmers to fatten 
hogs.”—Philadelphia Ledger. 
w 
It’s Economy 
to give your horse good 
nourishing feed. You 
cannot get the best work 
out of him unless you do. 
It’s economy to feed your 
fields with a top dressing of 
Nitrate of Soda 
(THE STANDARD AMMONIATE) 
You cannot £et the best results unless you do. The difference between a field so fed and a field 
without is shown in the above reproduction from a photograph. The crop on the right (one acre of 
Timothy) was treated with Nitrate of Soda. The neighboring crop had none. We will give you the 
opportunity to TEST , T FQR yOURSELF ENTIRELY FREE 
by sending sufficient Nitrate of Soda for you to try it, asking only that you use according to our direc¬ 
tions, and let us know the result. To the twenty-five farmers who get the best results, we offer, as a 
prize, Prof. Voorhees’ most valuable book on fertilizers, their composition, and how to use for differ¬ 
ent crops. Handsomely H*und. 327 pages. Apply at once for Nitrate of Soda, as this offer is 
necessarily limited. “Food for Plants,’’ a 230 -page book of useful information, sent free to farmers. 
WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director, 12-16 John Street, New York 
CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS. 
CLARK’S REVERSIBLE 
BUSH AND BOG PLOW. 
Cuts a track 5 ft. wide. I ft. 
deep. Will plow a new cut 
forest. His double action 
Cutaway Harrow keeps 
land true, moves 1800 tons 
of earth, cuts 30 acres per 
day. 
„_ CUTAWAY 
qorn HARROW 
best work 
DOUBLE-ACTION 
8-FOOT 
MEEKER SMOOTHING HARROW. 
Onion Seed Drills and Wheel Hoes. 
Southport Cl lobe Ou ion Seed. Send for prices and catalogue. 
THE C. O. JELL1FF MFGv CORP., Southport, Conn. 
^ MITCHELL SEEDER 
FOR 
NO MORE USE FOR PLOW 
His Rev. Disk Plow cuts a 
furrow 5 to 10 In. deep, 14 in. 
wide. All Clark’s machines 
will kill witch-grass, wild 
mustard, charlock, hard¬ 
back, sunflower, milk weed, 
thistle, or any foul plant. 
Send for circulars to the 
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,Higganum,Coun. 
AGENTS 
WANTED to sell our 
For particulars write 
Nat. Silo & Lumber, 
Co., Linesville, Pa. 
SILOS 
Windy Weather. 
the! 
I the" 
Perfect seeding can he done whether 
[ wind blows or not—if there is no wind I 
seed is thrown directly in front, and when 
the wind blows the cast can be shifted so^| 
as to throw the seed with the wind the 
same as sowing right or left hand. The 
changes are made instantly by reversing a 
small lever. Very simple—nothing to get out of order. 
Fully guaranteed. We also manufacture wheelbarrow 
seeders—lightest, best and cheapest. Sow perfectly 
under all conditions. Seed box on springs } 3 sizes. 
For sale through dealers or shipped 
direct from factory prepaid. Write 
for booklet and prices show¬ 
ing our complete line—£ 
mailed free. Thk Skkdrh^ 
Mfo. Co., Homer, 
Mich. liox l). 
11 
The Old Reliable New American Cultivator Sold on an Entirely New 
Plan. We Let You Test it on Your Own Farm a Full Month - FREE 
P ROBABLY no Riding: Cultivator is so well and favorably 
known to the farmers of this country, from East to West 
and from North to South, as the New American. We 
have sold them for many years and they have always 
given and are now giving splendid satisfaction. Now we are 
offering this Old Reliable New American Cultivat-r on an 
entirely new plan. 
We have been selling to the dealers, but, realizing that we 
could serve our real customers, the farmers, to better ad¬ 
vantage if we were doing business with them direct, we 
recently changed our Entire Sales Organization, and are 
now selling all the product of our Factory direct to the 
farmers who use the machines. 
The New American Spring Tooth Cultivator is a success 
because t 3 Lock Levers positively control the Teeth. Spring 
Teeth art deal for all kinds of cultivation—they vibrate in the 
soil, they jreak up the lumps and scatter the fine soil loosely 
over the surface, they do not pack the soil but pick it up and 
let light and air, life and vigor into it. They do not merely plow 
through the land leaving it in ridges, but cultivate all the 
surface, leaving it fine and level. 
. But, to do good work they must be controlled by ma¬ 
chinery. The vibration which makes them so valuable to the 
soil, makes it impossible to hold them securely by hand or 
foot. That is where the New American Cultivator does its 
art. Notice the little wheels from which the sections hang, 
ee the bars on which they roll. These bars are Locked securely 
many position in which they are placed, by the LOCK 
LEVERS, which are within easy reach from the seat. 
The sections roll from side to side with entire freedom, a 
boy can guide them easily, and they do not swing up out of 
the ground, but are always doing the same level cultivating. 
We furnish a Center Section with 5 Teeth with each 
Spring Tooth Cultivator. This makes a splendid Harrow for 
fitting your ground. We can also supply Broadcast Seeder 
■Attachment, or Bean Harvester Attachment, or both. 
Now we have only just touched upon one good point of 
the New American Cultivator. There are many more, and 
they are all explained in our Cultivator Book, which we want 
to send you. 
Our Liberal Proposition 
And we want, not only to send you the Book which tells 
about the good points on our Cultivator, but we want to send 
you the machine itself, so that you can find out for 
yourself about its merits. 
We will send you a New American Cultivator 
on trial at our own expense. You needn’t even 
stand the freight. Simply send us a trial order for 
the New American Cultivator, and we will ship 
one to your railroad station, freight prepaid. You 
don’t pay us anything. We don’t ask you to make 
any deposit. You just take the Cultivator home, 
and use it a month FREE on your own farm. Give 
it a good stiff test. Cultivate with it just as if it was 
your own. 
If you don’t find it exactly as represented—if it 
don’t show up to be all we claim, take it to the rail¬ 
road station, and tell the agent to ship it back to us 
at our expense. The use you have had of it won’t 
cost you a penny. 
If the Cultivator is as represented, you can 
pay as suits your convenience. We will allow 
you any reasonable time. How’s that for a fair 
proposition? 
You see we’re not new in the agricultural im¬ 
plement business. We have been making Cultivators 
about as long as any house in existence. 
Our capital is large enough to enable us to buy 
materials in quantity. We don’t buy anything but 
the best. The machinery in our factory is all high 
grade. We have all the latest labor-saving devices. 
Our men have been with us for years. They know 
Cultivators from the ground up, and can make 
them just right every time. This means the finest Culti¬ 
vators that can be turned out. And at lowest cost consistent 
with the high standard of quality we maintain. It means 
that when you buy a New American, you get a hundred cents 
worth of Cultivator for every dollar you invest. 
You Buy from the Makers 
We sell our entire output direct to the farmers. Doing 
business this way keeps us in close touch with the users of 
our cultivators. 
If you need new parts at any time, or there is anything 
you want to know, all you have to do is to write to us direct. 
You know where to find us. We know who you are. You 
get quick attention, and all your dealings are direct with the 
Maker, who knows all about your machine. 
If you want to try a New American on this offer of ours 
you ought to write to us at once. The direct to you, 30 
days FREE test, and lond-time terms plan is bringing us 
hosts of orders, and we are already working overtime to 
supply the demand. Our New American Cultivator Book 
tells the rest of the story about the New American Cultivator. 
And it tells all about the New Plan on which we are selling it. 
Just say in a letter or on a postal card “Send me your New 
Cultivator Book’’, and you will receive it by return mail, with 
full particulars about our liberal Free Test and On-Time 
propositions. Address— 
AMERICAN HARROW COMPANY 
1636 Hastings Street. DETROIT. MICH. 
