190 *. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
3o5 
TOP-WORKING ORCHARD TREES. 
Without trying to advise that Wiscon¬ 
sin reader, page 231, as to the desirability 
of using Twenty Ounce and King in Wis¬ 
consin, I would most assuredly top-work 
them on some hardy variety like Wolf 
River or Ben Davis if I wanted to grow 
them anywhere. It is well known that 
both Twenty Ounce and King are very 
subject to canker and to decay just above 
the root and are short-lived, but if worked 
top-high on some strong-growing healthy 
stock they are long-lived, and the King is 
rendered very much more productive than 
when growing on its own body. In top¬ 
working trees three years planted, if the 
limbs were not large enough to cleft- 
graft,—an inch or more in diameter—I 
should whip or splice-graft about four or 
five limbs so as to form a good top. With 
six-year-old trees I should proceed in 
same way, only spreading the top by graft¬ 
ing out farther on the limbs. With both 
three and six-year-old trees I should not 
take off any or at most but very little of 
the top except such limbs as I grafted the 
present Spring. If well done not two per 
cent of the scions ought to fail. We shall 
plant about 2,000 apple trees this Spring, 
and intend to plant Baldwin, Greening, 
Russet and Maiden Blush 40 feet apart 
each way, using trees from nursery, for 
permanent orchard and between them each 
way plant Ben Davis or Northern Spy and 
top-work them to King, Twenty Ounce, 
Wealthy, Wagener and Alexander for 
fillers, intending when they get so as to 
crowd to cut the fillers out. The finest 
block of Maiden Blush trees I ever saw 
were topped on other bodies. 
J. S. WOODWARD. 
ROTATION WITH STRAWBERRIES. 
The number of years that a strawberry 
field can be profitably fruited will depend 
upon the soil, the amount of fertilizers 
used, the cost and availability of labor 
when needed, and the amount of work 
put upon the berries each year. In the 
past I have been governed by the many 
conditions after the fruiting season. From 
three to five years have usually been the 
number of crops secured. Since, how¬ 
ever, using ,a transplanter wjhiqh has 
done better work and at less expense than 
hand setting, I shall not in the future 
pick over two crops, as I find it will be 
cheaper and better to set out new plants 
than to clean and fertilize the old fields. 
Clover is one of the best crops to turn 
under for a green manure. It adds the de¬ 
sired humus, and at the same time nitro¬ 
gen, which is the most expensive element 
of plant food. I have adopted a four-year 
rotation, in which I secure four money 
crops and two crops to turn under to build 
up the soil and replace a part of the fer¬ 
tility removed. The first year the straw¬ 
berry plants are set out. A high-grade 
fertilizer is used. The plants are given 
frequent and shallow cultivation, to con¬ 
serve the moisture. The second year the 
first crop is secured. The third year the 
second crop is harvested. Immediately 
after harvesting the second crop of 
berries the field is plowed, turning under 
the vines and what straw is used for 
mulch. After thoroughly preparing the 
ground it is planted to green stringless 
beans. This crop is harvested and used at 
the cannery, which is located on the farm. 
This gives us the third crop at the end 
of the third year. After the beans are 
picked the land is sown to rye as a cover 
crop. No land should be allowed to go 
through the Winter without some cover- 
mg. The rye will be turned under in the 
Spring. While this crop will add little 
fertility to the soil it forms humus, and 
by its chemical action on the soil helps 
to make more available the plant food 
already in the soil. Tomatoes will be set 
out and given clean culture, a liberal 
amount of high-grade fertilizer used. 
1 bis crop is also used at the cannery. 
At the last cultivation the space be¬ 
tween the rows is sown with Hairy vetch 
and Crimson clover. This crop does not 
interfere with the growth of the tomatoes, 
and the picking does not injure the cover 
crop. The clover and vetch will make 
a fair growth in the Fall and early Spring, 
so that by the time ground is in a con¬ 
dition to plow for strawberries we have 
a good crop to turn under. The Crim¬ 
son clover and vetch both being legumes 
of course add nitrogen to the soil. This 
is turned under in the Spring of the fifth 
year, and strawberries set out to com¬ 
mence the rotation again. We thus have 
a rotation by which are secured six crops 
in four years, or a money crop for each 
of the four years, and two crops in four 
years to return to the soil. We also have 
a rotation in which none of the crops is 
a soil exhauster, and we can improve 
our farm each year. Strawberries and 
tomatoes are both, as everyone knows, 
largely water. I use the tomatoes and 
beans as crops to rotate with strawberries, 
as they work well together, are easily 
grown and I can convert them into a 
finished product upon the farm, so that 
they can be put upon the market in a 
condition that commands the highest price. 
Sweet corn is sometimes used instead of 
beans to plant on an old strawberry field 
after the crop is harvested. In some re¬ 
spects this is better than beans, inasmuch 
as a crop of Crimson clover can be grown 
instead of rye, and clover is worth more 
to turn under as a green manure than 
rye. It is sometimes difficult to get a 
stand of Crimson clover. I use a high- 
grade fertilizer; one especially rich in 
phosphoric acid and potash, as clover in¬ 
creases the supply of nitrogen. Fig. 123, 
page 302, shows berries ready to pick. 
Indiana. elmer g. tufts. 
A Wealth of Roses.— The picture 
shown at Fig. 125, page 303, is made from 
a photograph sent us by H. S. Wiley, the 
well-known nurseryman of Cayuga, N. Y. 
It appears in Mr. Wiley’s catalogue, and 
makes a fine bit of color and sentiment to 
go with the fruit business. We all hope 
that our children will follow us on the 
farm—taking up the work we have 
planned and carrying it forward as we 
would like. We cannot expect them to 
do this for the mere money profit we can 
show them in our business. They must 
see something better in it. That is why 
flowers and other beautiful things should 
always surround the farm home. The 
children should learn to love them and 
to care for them. A wealth of roses may 
lead to a wealth of affection that will be 
worth more to us than anything else we 
can produce. We are glad that Mr. Wiley 
gives this picture a place in his catalogue. 
Special <J| 
Introductory Price 
ADJUSTABLE 
Garden Cultivator 
Every 
Gardener or Berry 
Grower 
SHOULD HAVE ONE 
Your money back if it doesn’t prove The Best 
Garden Tool You Ever Used. Send to-day. 
Money saving Catalog of Farm, Garden Tools and 
Machinery with over 600 Illustrations mailed free. 
J. S. W00DH0USE, 189-191 Water St„ N. Y. 
New Rose of Extraordinary Beauty 
“Frau Karl Druschki” 
Hardy Perpetual Flowering White 
Rose. Everybody should have it. We 
offer strong field-grown plants. For 
description of this and other novelties 
send for booklet with beautiful colored 
plate of the New Rose, mailed free. 
ELLWANGER & BARRY 
MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES 
Rochester, New York 
APPLE TREES 7c 
POPLAR. TREES AND ROSE BUSHES. TEN CENTS EACH 
ASPARAGUS, the most popular vegetable, yields at the rate of $400 per acre, two year plants 75 cents 
per 100; $4.50 per 1,000. Grape vines and fruit plants at low prices. POPLAR TREES for driveways, 
Bhade and lawns. The most rapid growing trees, 10c to 17 cents each. R08ES. A large collection of 
hardy varieties, also our Live-for-Ever Pink Rose. 10c to 20o each. 
BUY DIRECT FROM GROWER — SAVE 35 g|g T 
Let us price your list of wants. Green’s 1906 Oatalogne,also copy of Green’s Big Fruit Magazine free. 
Send postal card for them today. GREEN’S NURSERY COMPANY, WALL ST., ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
HEALTHY, NATIVE-GROWN FRUIT TREES 
ORNAMENTAL TREES, VINES, SHRUBS, ETC. 
It pays you many times over to take pains to get reliable and healthy stock. The well-known Dwyer stock 
can always be relied on, for it is all selected stock, grown on our home grounds and receiving constant 
expert inspection. We guarantee that every specimen is true to name, free from disease, and sure to 
grow. We also do landscape gardening. Write now for our FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 
T. J. DWYER & COMPANY, Box I, Cornwall, New York. 
DOUBLE THE STRAWBERRY CROP 
No extra expense for new plants or fertilizer. Full story in catalog—lifetime experi¬ 
ence of largest fruit-grower in America. To old friends and new wanting Berries, 
Peaches, Plums, Asparagus, Rhubarb, etc., it’s free. J. H. HALE, SO. GLASTONBURY, CONN, 
FRUIT TREES 
remnants, but our garden collection will surprise you. 
H. S. WILEY & 
Send for our catalog and our FIN A I, 
APPEAL witli endorsements from scores of 
REPRESENTATIVE COMMERCIAL 
PLANTERS from our own and other States 
who have been planting our trees for years. 
Any .significance in this? No job lots or 
SON, Drawer 5, Cayuga, N. Y. 
50,000 Columbian Raspberry Plants. 
QUOTE LOWEST PRICE ON THE AMOUNT YOU CAN FURNISH. 
LOCK BOX 236, GENEVA, NEW YORK. 
WANTED 
I GROW 
Hardy Cat a I pa 
( sPECiosa) 
Nursery Trees and GUARANTEE 
them True to Name. 
H. C. ROGERS,Mechanicsburg,Ohio. 
For selling our High-grade 
Fruit & Ornamental Trees; 
Small Fruits, Shrubs, Roses and Vines, 
i Business established 1846. First-class references < 
must accompany application. 
THE M. H. HARMAN COMPANY, 
Geneva, N. Y. 
FAIRFAX ROSES 
Cannot Ft o Ecfxiallocl. 
24 ROSES Plants! Postpaid FOR SI 
Including Helen Gould, Paul Neyron, General Jack, 
Striped La France, White Cochet and others of equal 
value. All labeled. The same in strong two-year 
plants by express. $3,50. Catalogue of all green¬ 
house plants and DAHLIAS FREE. 
W. R. GRAY, Box 1, Oakton, Fairfax Co.,Va. 
Ruby Raspberry Plants. 
L. E. WARDELL, Marlborough, New York. 
Strawberry Plants 
1000 up. Send for my new catalogue FREE to-day. 
DAVID ROD WAY, Hartly, Delaware. 
Reduced Prices on Peach Trees one year from bud, 
general assortment varieties; medium size 2c.; No. 2, 
l : *4c. each. Trees kept dormant until May 15th, if 
not sold earlier. R. S. Johnston, Box 4, Stockley, Del. 
L ook i look i soo,ooo bubach strawberry 
PLANTS. Lots of other varieties. Kathbun and 
Lucretia.Dewberry and Wilson Jr. Blackberry plants, 
Kansas Black Cap and Miller Red Raspberry Plants 
and Cabbage Plants. Catalogue Free. 
D. W. MOSLEY, Dover, Del. 
S TRAWBERRY PLANTS true to name, both new 
and old varieties. Write for catalogue and get 
your order in early. J. K. LOSEE, Elnora.N. Y. 
fDMi/hppPtPC Get best plants of all good 
OLI <LW UC1 1 ICS sorts at lowest grower’s 
prices, 24th Annual Catalogue Free. 
SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Delaware. 
S TRAWBERRY PLANTS-New home and other 
varieties at wholesale. Prices from $1.25 per 1000 
up. Catalog free. S. A. VIRDIN, Hartly, Del. 
25,000 Taylor Blackberry Plants. 
ALSO 20 OTHER VARIETIES. Catalog free. 
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio. 
nPWRPDDV plants & blackberry 
L»L yy ULtYW I plants FOR SALE. Send for 
price. MICHAEL N. BORGO, Box 69, Vineland, N.J. 
IF YOU LOVE CHOICE FLOWERS 
Send 10c. and I will mail you for trial ten pkts. choicest 
seeda,50to300ineach,suretoorow —60 varieties large 
flowered Pansies,mixed; 42 Japan Pinks, 38 Double 
Asters, 50 Verbenas, lODble. Everlastings,6 Stocks,30 
large A. Phlox, Chrysanth, new Pk.Petunia.Prlinrose. 
L.W. Goodell, Seedgrower, Pansy Park,Dwight,Mass. 
How to Obtain Blight-Proof Potatoes 
Some planters argue that blight in potatoes is 
hereditary. To be on the safe side you should plant 
seed which has been grown in localities where blight 
does not prevail and where, as a precautionary 
measure, all crops are sprayed. We now have care¬ 
fully stored in our cellars at Fordhook Farms 
a full supply of the best seed potatoes grown in 
Maine from carefully selected stock and sprayed 
crops,—for descriptions and prices see BURPEE’S 
FARM ANNUAL FOR 1906, a copy of which 
is sent free upon application. 
W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Spring and Planting Time Will 
Soon be Here. 
Have you placed an order yet for Apple and other 
Fruit Trees? If not, do not delay, Remember, 
in making out your order we have a full supply of 
Nursery stock; none better. Catalogue free. Send 
for one. Address, 
The Stephen Hoyt's Sons Co., Inc., 
NEW CANAAN. CT. 
NIIT TRFF^ Ja V an Chestnuts and Walnuts, Paragon 
HU I I liLLO Chestnuts, Ridgely and American. 
MANCHURICA WALNUTS. 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, extra fine and cheap. 
Fruit trees and small fruits in every kind worth fruit¬ 
ing. Catalogue free. Address, 
JOS. H. BLACK,SON & CO., Hightstown.N, J. 
Cfrau/horrioe Buy your plants of a specialist. Over 
Oil u nUCl 1 ICO 100 varieties. Best Nor. grown. Cata- 
loguefree. G. K. Sehauber, Box K,BallstonLake,N.Y. 
Strawberry Plants. 
$1.50 per M. and up. Also RASPBERRY and 
BLACKBERRY plants at low prices. Healthy,’ 
heavy rooted stock. True to name. Price list free. 
A. R. WESTON & CO., R. D. 8, Bridgman, Mich, 
The best blackberry of recent introduction. Get the 
genuine direct from introducer. Eldorado, per¬ 
fectly hardy and reliable blackberry. Lucretia, 
Blowers and other Blackberries. Miller, Welch, 
Cuthbert, Early King, Kansas and other Raspberries, 
40 best varieties of Strawberries, Currants, Grapes, 
and other small fruit plants and trees, a large 
stock of California Privet, all sizes very low. For 
price list and illustrated circular of Ward Black¬ 
berry address Chas. Black, Hightstown, N. J. 
FRUIT TREES 
that are sound, solid and safe is what every planter 
wants for spring of 1906. We offer you trees of that 
kind; selection perfect. Heavy stock of Apple, Peach, 
Plum, Pear and Cherry, also full line of other fruits. 
Write us today for our catalogue and price list, it is 
valuable and will tell you the rest. THE RIVERSIDE 
NURSERY CO., Confluence, Somerset Co., Pa. 
ORE AT RAY PEACH 
A prize kind in every way. Strong 
grower, immense bearer, bears every 
year. Flesh white, skin kissed with red, 
and excellent shipper. Finest peach, 
Apple and Strawberry plants in Amer¬ 
ica. All varieties. Catalogue free. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, 
29, Berlin, Md. 
K FRUIT BOOK 
shows In NATURAL COLORS and 
accurately describes 216 varieties oi 
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬ 
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
FRUIT TREES THAT GROW 
and bear fruit true to label. Fine assortment of stock. 
All conveniences for packing FRUIT GROWERS 
and DEALERS ORDERS. Can save you 15 to 30 
per cent on large or small orders. Get my prices and 
free catalogue without delay. 
Martin Wahl, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. y. 
PIONEER GUARANTEED 
NURSERY STOCK 
AT WHOLESALE PRICES* 
All stock guaranteed disease free—' 
true to name—pnre bred and heavy 
crop producers. Pull value for every 
dollar sent ns. No agent’s commis¬ 
sion. Write for complete pricelist. 
We will save yon money. 
HART PIONEER NURSERIES 
^Established 1865. Fort Scott, Kan j 
