THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
April 21', 
'348 
FARMERS' CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Chemicals With Manure for Corn. 
D. R. ]}., Huguenot, N. Y.—I intend to 
plow and spread manure from two horses and 
two cows on one acre of shale gravel with 
clay subsoil, and plant to sweet corn. How 
much, and what kind of fertilizer should be 
used in addition for best results? 
Ans. —For “best results” potash and 
phosphoric acid should go with the man¬ 
ure. You can use on the acre 100 pounds 
muriate of potash and 300 pounds acid 
phosphate in addition to the manure, but 
it may not make enough gain in the sweet 
corn to pay unless you can get good 
prices for it. 
Potato Scab. 
G. IF. T., West Granville, Mass .—What Is 
the cause of scab on potato, and what is the 
remedy? 
AnS. —Potato scab is a skin disease 
which develops and spreads through a 
germ. These germs either go into the 
soil on the seed pieces, or are left there 
by a previous crop. To kill the disease 
on the seed the tubers are soaked in a 
solution of one pound of formalin in 40 
gallons of water. This will kill the scab 
germs, but will not hurt the eyes of the 
potato. Where a crop is scabby potatoes 
should not be planted on the same ground 
for several years. Stable manure, wood 
ashes and lime are apt to increase the 
scab, as they make the soil alkaline. 
Hen Manure for Potatoes. 
G. E. C., Peekskill, N. Y.—Give the analysis 
of chicken manure, somewhat moist, but dry 
enough to mix well with fertilizer for im¬ 
mediate use. In what proportion would you 
mix chicken manure, nitrate of soda, acid 
phosphate and sulphate of potash for pota¬ 
toes? My idea is that the nitrates in the 
chicken manure will become available after 
that from the nitrate of soda has become 
exhausted, and so feed the crop through the 
entire season. 
AnS.— At the Maine Experiment Station 
fresh hen manure contained 1.3 per cent 
nitrogen, 1.83 per cent phosphoric acid 
and .84 per cent potash. The composition 
will vary considerably, according to the 
dryness and the feathers and dirt mixed 
with it. We should expect good results 
from this mixture—eight parts by weight 
of sifted hen manure, two of nitrate of 
soda, seven of acid phosphate and three 
of sulphate of potash. Your theory is 
probably right. 
Crowbar Planting; Fruit Varieties. 
A. C., Troy, N. Y.—I have planted Bartlett, 
Seekel, Hillis and Lawrence pears, and Brad¬ 
shaw plum, Green’s Thanksgiving prune and 
German prune. None of them seems to grow 
very well. I cut the roots back to stubs 
three inches long, and cut top back to about 
same; planted in small hole and pounded 
earth firmly. My soil is gravel, and high 
well-drained land,. I mean natural drainage. 
What would be the best kinds of apple, pears, 
peaches and plums for this place? I live 3% 
miles from the Hudson River. 
Ans. —If the trees did not do well with 
roots cut back to three inches, with tops 
the same, and planted in crowbar holes in 
gravel, I think I would go back to the 
longer root, liberal hole, and heavy mulch 
of manure. Probably these home garden 
trees were two or three years old when 
set, and these will not be helped by the 
root pruning that goes well with yearlings. 
For home use set Primate, Fall Pippin, 
Baldwin and Spy apples; Bartlett, Seekel 
and Bose pears; Waddell, Champion and 
Iron Mountain peaches. p. l. h. 
Starting Raspberries and Blackberries. 
IT. M. R.. York, Pa.—What is the best 
method of starting a patch of blackberries 
or raspberries? How would it do to plant 
cuttings? 
Ans.— Neither blackberries nor rasp¬ 
berries are rooted from cuttings proper. 
Black varieties of raspberries are grown 
from tips, the young canes of the season 
bending over in late Fall and rooting, 
thus producing new plants, which may be 
set out in the Spring, placing them in 
rows six or seven feet apart and two or 
three feet apart in the rows. Red rasp¬ 
berries are propagated from suckers that 
spring up from the roots of old plants 
after they have been growing two or three 
years. The_ suckers are dug up in early 
Spring, getting as good roots as possible, 
the tops cut back to six inches and set in 
freshly-plowed soil in the same manner 
and distance as the tips of the black rasp¬ 
berry. Blackberries may be propagated 
from suckers in the same way as black 
raspberries, but are generally grown by 
nurserymen from root cuttings. The 
roots of young plants are dug up in the 
Fall, cut in lengths of two or three inches, 
packed in boxes of moist sand, where they 
will freeze slightly during the Winter and 
in the Spring planted two or three inches 
apart in furrows made three feet apart in 
freshly-plowed soil. These cuttings soon 
send up shoots that make plants large 
enough in one season to set in the plant¬ 
ing patch the next year. The quickest 
way, however, to start blackberry plants 
is from suckers of old plants of the de¬ 
sired variety. 
Potatoes to Follow Potatoes. 
A. 8. /?., Alpine, N. Y .—I have two 10-acre 
lots. I wish to raise potatoes on 10 acres 
each year, what is the best way to do it? 
Can I raise potatoes on 10 acres for two 
years in succession, and on the other 10 
acres at the same time Spring wheat or 
oats, seed down, and the following year cut 
grass and then take this grass field for 
potatoes for two years and the potato field 
for oats and grass? Ground has white grubs 
in it; will two years in succession for pota¬ 
toes subdue grubs? What fertilizer do I need 
for potatoes, and how much more for the 
second year than the first? 
Ans. —We have never tried just that 
rotation, but from our experience we 
should not grow potatoes two years in suc¬ 
cession. The scab is very bad with us on 
the second crop. If both grain and grass 
are wanted we would divide the 20 acres 
into three instead of two fields. With us 
the wheat or oats could be cut out and 
the ground seeded to grass alone after the 
potatoes are dug. Possibly in your lati¬ 
tude this would be too late for seeding 
grass. We would like to hear from those 
who have raised two crops of potatoes in 
succession. Verj^ likely the two years of 
thorough culture of potatoes would kill 
out the white grubs, but we would not 
give much for the potato crop—at least 
the first one. We consider potatoes about 
the poorest crop to put in land where we 
know white grubs abound. We would 
use one of the standard potato fertilizers. 
You should use at least 400 pounds per 
acre more for the second crop. 
A Concrete Bridge. 
TF. F. 8., Jefferson, O .—Have any of your 
readers had any experience in building a 
small bridge of concrete? I have a stream 
running through my farm over which I would 
like to put a concrete bridge if 1 can do it 
safely. The bridge would only have to be 
about six or eight feet long. How heavy 
or thick should it be. with say a foot of earth 
on it, and how much cement to gravel and 
small stone should I use? 
Ans. —Concrete is the only material 
used to-day for culverts. I would reduce 
the width of the stream to six feet. Exca¬ 
vate trenches upon each side two feet 
six inches wide, and as long as the re¬ 
quired length of the bridge, and deep 
enough to extend below frost. Fill with a 
1-5-10 mixture; build a slab of concrete 
connecting these foundation walls to serve 
as an apron and prevent washing. If for 
any reason this will not be necessary leave 
it out. The height of the open space or 
runway will depend upon the volume of 
water; it may be four or eight feet high. 
Build a form resting upon this foundation. 
Begin the side wall 22 inches thick, mak¬ 
ing a gradual reduction so that where they 
join at the top or center the thickness 
will be reduced to eight inches. Wing 
walls can be built on the sides if desired. 
They will prevent dirt falling over each 
end and into the runway. They should 
be 20 inches thick, and the foundation 
carried to the. same depth of the side 
walls. Use reinforcing steel or common 
barb wire fencing laid in two or three 
inches from the surface. The mixture 
above ground should be 1-3-6. See to it 
that the aggregate is tamped solid to ex¬ 
pel air chambers. A saving in form con¬ 
struction can be effected by building the 
culvert in sections. If it was to have a 
finished length of 10 feet build in three 
sections. h. e. cook. 
For the land’s sake use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
Write for Net Price Illustrated Implement Cata¬ 
logue. Robert C. Reeves Co., 187 Water st., N.Y. City. 
SEND FOR MV 
Mid-Summer Catalogue. 
T. C. KEYITT, Athenia, Pa. 
T HE GOLDEN GATE and PAN-AMERICAN 
STRAWBERRIES is a golden opportunity 
for you. Send for cir. S. H. Warren, Weston, Mas 
O C FINE 2 YEAR TREES $2.50. Peach, Pear, 
Plum, Cherry, etc. Catalogue free. 
WOODBINE NURSERIES, No. 3, Geneva, Ohio. 
WARD BLACKBERRIES 
The hardiest and most prolific Blackberry ever grown 
WELCH RASPBERRY 
The most profitable Red Raspberry yet fruited. Also 
a full line of general nursery stock. Catalogue free 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
E. L. Clarkson’s Clermont and Nevis Farm’s 
Pride of the North Yellow Dent Seed Corn. Earliest 
to mature and a heavy yielder. Price, shelled, bags 
included, bu. 75c.; bu. lots and over $1.25 per bu. 
f. o. b. E. L. CLARKSON, R.F.D. Tivoli, N. Y. 
SEED POTATOES 
THE BEST VARIETIES—TRUE TO NAME. 
Our stock was grown under the best conditions pos¬ 
sible. They are smooth, free from scab and vigorous. 
We are making low prices for the next few days. 
E• H. THOMSON & SON, Eairview Farm, 
Holland Patent, N. Y. 
GLADIOLI 
THE BEST IN THE WORLD 
Groff’s Hybrids (Genuine), and other high 
grade Strains. Winners of the GRAND 
PRIZE World’s Fair St. Louis, 1904. 
Write for illustrated catalogue. 
ARTHUR COWEE 
Meadowvale Farm Berlin, N.Y. 
P otatoes— Bites,Blush,Carman, Cobbler, Noroton Beauty,Rose, 
Hustler, Harmony. 6 Weeks. 86 kinds. O. W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y. 
[ft aIaIaa* Prize, Michigan, Eureka, Cobbler, 
rOlfllQvS Reliance, Gold Standard. List Free. 
GEO. II. COLVIN, Crest Farm, Dalton, Pa. 
RURAL SEED POTATOES. 
Assorted. 90 cents per bushel; $2.40 per barrel. 
Second size, 70 cents per bushel: $2.00 per barrel. 
C. K. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich. 
F OR SALE— Cow Peas, $1.50 Bushel: Crimson 
Clover Seed, $5.50 per Bushel; 2d Growth Seed 
Potatoes, $3.50 Bag:: 8eed Sweet Potatoes. 
J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Delaware. 
40,000 ^ 
That must be sold; all clean, thrifty, healthy, beau¬ 
tiful trees. Prices right. Apple, Plum, Cherry and 
Pears. Asparagus Roots, Strawberry Plants. Free 
Catalogue has valuable Spraying Chart. Send today. 
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box R, Moorestown, N. J. 
Transplanted vegetable plants 
of the highest quality at the 
lowest price. Buy from the 
largest, cheapest, and most re¬ 
liable growers in America. 
Write 
__ THE J. 
Conyngham, Pa., formerly J. E. 
iVpCITC-All kinds, cheap. Freight paid. 
I D Catalog free. Agents wanted. 
I MITCHELL’S NURSERY, BEVERLEY, O. 
for catalogue. 
E. HUTTON CO., 
Hutton & Son. 
Reduced Prices on Peach Trees one year from bud, 
general assortment varieties; medium size 2c.; No. 2, 
l :i 4C. each. Trees kept dormant until May 15th, if 
not sold earlier. R. S. Johnston, Box 4, Stockley, Del. 
Tartar King 
Burpee’s Welcome 
Golden Giant Side 
Danish Island 
These four varieties constitute in our opinion the 
best there is in Oats. If you are a keen observer you 
w ill have noticed that during the past three or four 
years no cereal has held its own (as to price) better 
than have Oats. 
A change of seed is as necessary in Oats as in any 
other variety of seed. 
An open winter as a rule is hard on winter grain. 
Now is the time to look over your grain fields and de¬ 
cide what you are going to do with them. If you are 
going to plow up these fields and sow Oats write for 
BURPEE’S FARM ANNUAL FOR 1906 which 
fully describes the above best four varieties, and if 
in doubt as to which variety is best adapted for your 
locality, write us describing your soil and we shall 
advise you. 
W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Pbila., Pa. 
LAST YEAR’S RECORD. 
Long's Prolific—Yield 16 to 24 bbls. 
per acre, $2.00 per bushel. Bran* 
denburg’s Prolific took premium 
over 26 others last Corn and Pump¬ 
kin day, $1.25. True Maryland 
Golden Dent, $1.00. This seed Is 
selected and will germinate. 
WADE H. D. WARFIELD & CO., 
Sykesville, Carroll County, Md. 
Established 1889 References, the Banks. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
‘‘a square deal." See guarantee, page 14. 
Select Apple Trees 
A hundred varieties, half amlllion 
trees, strong rooted, shapely and 
In perfect health, ready for planting. Sum- 
fall and winter apples. We dig and 
to secure arrival in perfect condition, 
our low prices. Get free catalogue. 
Nurseries,Bx 19,Berlin, Md. 
K FRUIT BOOK 
shows in NATURAL COLORS and 
accurately describes 216 varieties of 
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri- 
'bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
FRUIT TREES 
that are sound, solid and safe is what every planter 
wants for spring of 1906. We offer you trees of that 
kind; selection perfect. Heavy stock of Apple, Peach, 
Plum, Pear and Cherry, also full line of other fruits. 
Write us today for our catalogue and price list, it is 
valuable and will tell you the rest. THE RIVERSIDE 
NURSERY CO., Confluence, Somerset Co., Pa. 
The best blackberry of recent introduction. Get the 
genuine direct from introducer. Eldorado, per¬ 
fectly hardy and reliable blackberry. Lucretia, 
Blowers and other Blackberries. Miller, Welch, 
Cuthbert, Early King, Kansas and other Raspberries, 
40 best varieties of Strawberries, Currants, Grapes, 
and other small fruit plants and trees, a large 
stock of California Privet, all sizes very low. For 
price list and illustrated circular of Ward Black¬ 
berry address Cbas. Black, Hightstown, N. J. 
NIIT TRFF^ Japan Chestnuts and Walnuts, Paragon 
IIU I I IlLLO Chestnuts, Ridgely and American. 
MANCHURICA WALNUTS. 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, extra fine and cheap. 
Fruit treos and small fruits in every kind worth fruit¬ 
ing. Catalogue free. Address. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown. N, J. 
Spring and Planting Time Will 
Soon be Here. 
Have you placed an order yet for Apple and other 
Fruit Trees? If not, do not delay, Remember, 
in making out your order we have a full supply of 
Nursery stock; none better. Catalogue free. Send 
for one. Address, 
The Stephen Hoyt’s Sons Co., Inc,, 
NEW CANAAN. CT. 
ROGERS TREES ARE 
DIFFERENT 
FROM OTHERS. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL 
Dansville, N. Y. 
APPLE BREEDERS. 
I offer seeds of superior quality 
at money-saving price. Order 
now, Canada Cluster Seed Oats 
yield over 80 bu. per acre,$1.25 bu.; 
Timothy, $2; Clover, $9.50; Alsike,$8.50; Alfalfa,$9.50; 
Pure Red Top, 10c. per lb.; Orchard Grass, $1.85; Bar¬ 
ley,$1; Iowa Gold Mine Corn, best Ensilage sort,$1.50; 
Learning or Pride of North Corn,$l: Spring Rye, $1.40; 
Spring Wheat, $1.50; Speltz, $1; Field Corn, Yellow 
or White, $1.25; Stowell s Evergreen Corn, $1.75;Field 
Peas, $1.50; Calf Weauers, 30c.; Early Potatoes, $1.25; 
Bags, 18c. Catalogue Free. Established nearly forty 
years. F. H. EBEL1NG, 214 Warren Street, 
Syracuse, New York,Wholesale and Retail Dealer. 
Strawberry Plants 
1000 up. Send for my new catalogue FREE to-day. 
DAVID RODWAV, Hartly, Delaware. 
CtrQUfhamoe Buy your plants of a specialist. Over 
OllanUCIIICo 100 varieties. Best Nor. grown. Cata¬ 
logue free. G. K. Schauber, Box U,Ballston Lake,N.Y. 
25,000 Taylor Blackberry Plants. 
ALSO 20 OTHER VARIETIES. Catalog free. 
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio. 
PIONEER GUARANTEED 
NURSERY STOCK 
AT WHOLESALE PRICES. 
All stock guaranteed disease free—' 
true to name—pare bred and heavy 
crop producers. Full value for every 
dollar sent ns. No agent’s commis¬ 
sion. Write for complete pricelist. 
We will save yon money. 
HART PIONEER NURSERIES 
i Established 1865. Fort Scott, Kan 
P P 1 A $R DPR inn PRPIfillT DAin Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina 
O iPO rtn IUU, rnuuni rflIU Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated. 
KFF Allkindsof trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Rememberwe beat all other reliable 
| § Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y. 
DOUBLE THE STRAWBERRY GROP 
No extra expense for new plants or fertilizer. Full story in catalog—lifetime experi¬ 
ence of largest fruit-grower in America. To old friends and new wanting Berries, 
Peaches, Plums, Asparagus, Rhubarb, etc., it’s free. J. H. HALE, SO. GLASTONBURY, CONN. 
WANTED 
50,000 Columbian Raspberry Plants. 
QUOTE LOWEST PRICE ON THE AMOUNT YOU CAN FURNISH. 
LOCK BOX 226, GENEVA, NEW YORK. 
HEALTHY, NATIVE-GROWN FRUIT TREES 
ORNAMENTAL TREES, VINES, SHRUBS, ETC. 
It pays you many times over to take pains to get reliable and healthy stock. The well-known Dwyer stock 
can always be relied on, for it is all selected stock, grown on our home grounds and receiving constant 
expert inspection. We guarantee that every specimen is true to name, free from disease, and sureto 
grow We also do landscape gardening. Write now for our FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 
T. J. DWYER & COMPANY, Box 1, Cornwall, New York. 
