' 1906 . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
457 
SQUARING A BUILDING. 
I saw some time ago in The R. N.-Y. 
a request as to the best way to get an 
exact square for a building and have been 
waiting to see the accompanying descrip¬ 
tion for ofle. Stretch a line along the 
place you want the front of the house, and 
let it be longer than is necessary: a a 
in diagram, then drive stakes o o and 
let a flat side be on the line of the outside 
of the house, the front of the house being 
between the two stakes. From the insides 
of the stakes, along the line, measure each 
way, four feet, d d d d. Then take a rod 
not less than 8'A feet and drive through 
it two nails long enough to hold in the 
ground and see that the points are exactly 
eight feet apart. Stick one nail at d and 
make curve e, stick it at the other d and 
make curve f; exactly at the crossing of 
the curves will be a perfectly straight line 
from inside of b. Wrap a cord around b 
so it will be on the inside at c, run the line 
through the center of the curves e f as far 
as necessary. Repeat the same with the 
other stake. Then measure along the lines 
h h as deep as the house is wanted. Round 
stakes with tacks in the center as g g can 
be used, but it will require more care to 
be exact, while any stake with one flat 
side will answer and it is easy to make 
an exact line. R. F. R. 
Ridgefield Park, N. J. 
A DRAINER'S DIARY. 
Monday night, April 16.—I laid out the 
drains last week, and set the stakes. This 
morning I threw out a good furrow with 
a plow for a top cut in each ditch and 
set Theodore shoveling on A, shown in 
Fig. 186. Five Dagoes came at noon 
and we all threw dirt out of A until 
night. This ditch, A, is a conduit to carry 
away the water brought to it by the 
drains. It is 44 rods long, five feet deep 
at outlet, two feet deep at source, and 
has a grade of eleven inches in the 44 
rods. I got the lower end down to grade 
and targets set just at night. 
Tuesday Night.—The big ditch has 
opened up in good shape to-day. Seven 
of us all day have made a mark. Old 
Tony, going backward up the ditch, takes 
out next to the last cut with a measuring 
stick to range over top of targets. That 
would leave me just four inches for bot¬ 
tom cut, if he was accurate, but Tony 
has been a Dago too long for accuracy 
and I find my spade going down half the 
length of its 18-inch blade to get to the 
grade in some places, while in others 
there is barely an inch to take out. I 
have found but one man who can make 
a good grade, and I can’t get him for 
this job. 
Wednesday Night.—Took five men out 
of A at noon, put three at work taking 
out top cut in laterals from A up, and 
two men deepening open ditch F to make 
an outlet for drain E. Tony and his 
boss are still crawfishing up the big ditch 
A, the latter never getting more than 
four rods from the nearest target, which 
makes eight rods to second target, and 
that is as far as my eyes of two score 
and five years can be trusted to draw fine 
enough sight, so there will be no less of 
grade. With only one-quarter of an inch 
to the rod, there is no room for careless 
work. Laid off two men to-night. 
Thursday Night.—Tony finished his cut 
in A at 11 A. M. I had him dig a silt 
well just at one side of A at its source 
and about a foot lower than bottom of 
ditch. This well is about 18 inches wide 
by six feet long, and at its lower end I 
will lay the first tile in A, which will 
have a side branch turned down at an 
angle of 4.1 degrees and another fitted to 
it so that the water will have to come up 
through this branch leaving mud in the 
well. There is a large volume of water 
above us, and I expect to keep it there 
until the tile are laid and covered in con¬ 
duit A, for it has a good bottom now of 
even grade and I don’t want it spoiled by 
flooding. Put Tony in open ditch F for 
his afternoon job, and I finished A, after 
which I set some targets on B and C and 
helped Tony some. The rest of the men 
have worked on the top cut in different 
places. 
Friday Night.—The men continued the 
work of yesterday, and I set targets on 
drain E, and put bottom cut down at 
mouth. “Al,” our employer, came into 
the field at 3 P. M. with the first load 
of tile, and I began laying them, getting 
in about eight rods and covered them 
enough to make them safe. 
Saturday Night.—I gave the conduit 
A its baptism shortly after 6 P. M.; had 
to work in the rain the latter part of the 
day. Theodore and I worked late, and 
when the last tile was laid and branch 
fixed securely at silt well, and a stake 
over the center of the hole to keep out 
frogs and other dangers, we cut through 
the dam and went over to the other end 
of the big conduit. Thus ends a busy 
week of hard interesting work, and with 
wet clothes and a satisfied feeling of duty 
done I start the old horse toward home, 
wife and babies seven miles away. 
Irving, N. Y. J. F. v. 
Utilizing Muck Land. 
O. S. B. Alpine. N. Y. —I have a muck 
swamp with subsoil of clay. The muck Is 
from a foot to 10 feet deep. I have ditched 
it and can shovel it right out. It seems to 
be composed of leaves rotted, I should think. 
What can I grow on it? I put a garden on 
it, but the things do not do well. I don't 
know what Is the matter. What can I do 
with it? 
Ans. —There are usually two troubles 
with muck. It is sour, and the plant food 
it contains is slowly available. Very few 
crops will thrive where the soil is acid 
and where sour muck is used. The thing 
to do with that muck is to compost it 
before using as manure. In some cases 
the muck is piled as dug out and per¬ 
mitted to stand until thoroughly dry. This 
“weathering” helps it. The best way is 
to mix the muck with manure in piles and 
let it heat up and ferment. If no manure 
can be had lime or wood ashes can be 
mixed through the pile. This will 
sweeten the muck and in time it will 
crumble and fall apart so that it can be 
easily spread. A bulletin from the Maine 
'Exp. Station (Orono) will help you. 
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L 
