472 
June 9, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper. 1 
Shaping Pear Trees Against the Wind. 
Two readers who live where the wind is 
strong from the west have a discussion with 
regard to the proper way to trim Bartlett 
pear trees. One takes the position that where 
the west wind takes the top to the east we 
should cut the west sidf- of the tree most, cut 
back to one bud on each limb, until in this 
way we bring the tree back into shape, as it 
would be more likely to shape itself by such 
cutting back. Under this method there 
would not be so much cutting on the east side, 
except to work back extra growth. What 
would be your practice in a windy section 
where you want to shape the tree properly up 
against the wind? 
With Bartlett pear we have not had 
much experience, but with peaches the 
only place the wind gives us much trou¬ 
ble is on a side hill with a western or 
northern exposure. In this case when 
setting a tree we always make it a ruie 
to set the bud to the northwest, then be 
careful to trim much lower on the west¬ 
ern side. By so doing, if we cut to a 
bud on the outside of a limb each time 
we keep our trees in very fair shape. 
Orange Co., N. Y. harry vail. 
The plan spoken of might work out 
theoretically, but when the blight begins 
to enter, as it probably will, the theory 
will have to go to the winds. We are 
not much in favor of cutting Bartlett 
heavily for this reason: Too much new 
growth is stimulated, making it more 
easy for blight to enter. A few years 
ago we took especial pride in shaping 
up a young Bartlett orchard, but now, 
since the ravages of the blight, what trees 
are left take on ’most any old shape. 
Seneca Co., N. Y. w. a. bassett. 
I have had no experience with trees 
in the condition described, but if I were 
in a location where the winds were so 
strong as to cause deformed trees I 
would certainly plant wind-breaks. But 
in this case, as the damage has already 
been done, I presume the practical ques¬ 
tion is, what cap be done by pruning to 
remedy the difficulty? I think I would 
prune the tree into as nearly the de¬ 
sired form as possible, taking care to cut 
back to a strong bud, spur or side branch, 
pointing to, or leading in the desired di¬ 
rection. It might take several years of 
careful pruning in this way to secure, the 
desired results. It is my practice in set¬ 
ting trees to lean them slightly toward 
the west, and in pruning to form the 
head, at the time of setting, to leave the 
strongest branches pointing toward the 
West. WILLIS T. MANN. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. 
If I had a Bartlett pear orchard which 
was being blown out of shape by the west 
wind, in the first place I would not allow 
the trees to run up very high; to prevent 
this I would annually cut the leaders back 
and thus force out the side branches so 
as to keep trees low and with tops spread¬ 
ing as much as possible. Then were they 
inclined to grow sidling to the east I 
should cut the west side quite severely in 
the Spring early, before any growth com¬ 
menced, and along in June or later would 
correspondingly trim the east side. As 
is well known, trimming when dormant 
induces wood growth, and when in full 
growth checks wood growth and induces 
fruit production, and the above course 
would easily keep the top well balanced. 
There is no theory about this, as I can 
show a Bartlett orchard well exposed to 
the 1 wind, but where the trees have finely- 
balanced tops. J. S. WOODWARD. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. 
Shipping Cabbage Plants. 
C. A. 8., Wilson, JV. T. —We would like to 
know something about packing cabbage plants 
In barrels to ship. We have shipped some, but 
would like to know a better way to pack 
them for shipping, so they would arrive in 
good condition for growing after they are set. 
We never use barrels as a package. It 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
is very hard to pack cabbage successfully 
in a barrel, we think. We prefer crates 
to tight boxes when the weather is hot. 
We pack in bunches of 50, and put four 
bunches in a roll, and several rolls in a 
cra tc. slaymaker & SON. 
Delaware. 
We would not ship cabbage plants in 
barrels; boxes or crates would do, but 
they should not be covered. After many 
years’ experience we have settled upon 
baskets as the best package for shipping 
plants. We ship in any quantity a cus¬ 
tomer may want, therefore have baskets 
holding from one-half to two bushels. 
We use what are called celery baskets, 
and put in a layer of moss in the bottom 
and stand the plants upright, and when 
basket is full we dip the basket in water 
just deep enough to wet the moss. We 
ship as far .as Louisiana, and they reach 
their destination in good condition. 
New York. woodland farm. 
Cabbage plants cannot be shipped safely 
any distance in barrels. A barrel holds 
too large a quantity of plants to ship 
safely in one package. Not enough air 
can get to the plants. A barrel is not 
the right shape to pack in. The roots 
cannot be held firmly in place in damp 
moss. I ship about a million celery and 
cabbage plants each season, some of them 
safely west to Missouri and south to 
Florida. I put 100 plants in a bunch. 
If I am shipping large orders I use 
crates with top and sides ventilated; if 
small orders boxes with top ventilated. 
If they are to go a long distance, I put 
only one row of bunches deep; if a 
shorter distance two rows deep. The 
roots, but not the tops, are held firmly 
in place, in damp moss. If they are not 
held firmly in place the bunches knock 
around in the box, and the roots dry out. 
New Jersey. f. w. rochelle. 
Working Over Marianna Plum. 
One of our readers near Richmond, Ya., 
says he has 50 large and thrifty Marianna 
plum trees, which are about 18 years old. 
He is thinking of grafting or budding other 
varieties of fruit upon them, and he wants 
instructions as to how to prepare the tops 
for the new varieties, and at what season 
of the year this work ought to be done. \Y hat 
would you do with trees of this age in order 
to work over the tops? 
Ans. —My plan would be to wait until 
next Fall after the leaves are off trees, 
then cut or otherwise get wood of some 
of the best varieties of the American 
species of plums, and store them in a safe 
place until late next Spring. In the saw¬ 
dust of an icehouse, where they will keep 
damp and almost frozen until after the 
bark will peel on the Marianna trees, 
would be a good place. When that time 
has come the branches should be cut 
back as for grafting any trees of similar 
size, and the scions set in the stumps. I 
never make square cuts across the 
branches of a tree for grafting, but cut 
them with slopes of about 45 degrees. On 
the side of the point of each stump the 
bark should be slit for a little over an 
inch, and started to peel at the top. The 
scion, which should be about three buds 
in length, or more if the buds are very 
close together, should be trimmed with 
a long slope on one side only, making a 
long, slim and very tapering wedge, with 
the bark all on one side. This should 
then be slipped down under the bark of 
the stock, tied firmly in place with a small 
string and the wound waxed completely 
over. This is the most successful style 
of top-grafting that I know for trees 
that are difficult to graft successfully. 
Any of the grafts that fail to grow will 
soon show it, and two or three of the 
sprouts on the stumps, in such cases, 
should be allowed to grow, that they may 
be budded the following August. It is 
too late now to cut the trees back to in¬ 
duce sprouts for this year’s budding 
without danger of injuring the trees, in 
my opinion, although others might risk 
it. Brittlewood, Wyant and Surprise are 
good kinds to use for grafting and bud¬ 
ding in Virginia. They will not rot, and 
are rarely troubled by curculio. 
h. e. van deman. 
Delaware Apples. —The leading varieties 
grown on the Peninsula are early sorts. 
Early Ripe, Yellow Transparent, Red Astra- 
chan. Fourth of July and YY’illiams (Red). 
Winter varieties are Nero, Stayman, Stark, 
Rome Beauty, Lawver, and Nickajaek. The 
Nero is the leader. f. m. soper & son. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8. 
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This radical new book has 
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CUTAWAY TOOLS FOR LARGE HAY CROPS. 
CLARK’S REVERSIBLE 
BUSH AND BOG PLOW 
Cuts a track 5 ft. wide, 1 ft. 
deep. Will plow a new cut 
forest. His double action 
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CUTAWAY HARROW CO.,Higganuin, Conn. 
BALE YOUR HAY. 
A Reliable 
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12 Sizes. 
Manufactured only by 
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NURSERY STOCK. 
A FULL LINE OF 
FRUIT TREES, BERRY PLANTS, 
and General Nursery Stock. Catalogue Free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
FOR SALE 
J— Cow Peas, $1.75 per bushel; Crim¬ 
son Clover Seed, $5.50 per bushel. 
J. F. HOLLAND, Milford, Delaware. 
PODM Choice Stowc'I’sEvergreen 
OTTCL I uunil $1.50 bushel; also Pride of 
the North and Improved Learning, $1.00. American 
grown Alfalfa, $10.00; Timothy, $1.75. 
O. W. CLARK & SON, Seedsmen, Buffalo, N. Y. 
WE ARE HEAD¬ 
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Velvet Beans, Sor¬ 
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and all Southern Seeds. Write for prices and 
“Wood’s Crop Special” giving timely infor¬ 
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T. W. Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, Richmond, Va. 
Kills Bugs, prevents Blight, Rot and 
Scab. 
Increases crop on average 115 bushels 
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Entirely automatic in operation. 
Send for free 84-page booklet M. 
is SPRAMOTOR CO. 
BUFFALO, N. Y. LONDON, CANADA. 
Leggett’s Dusters 
DISTRIBUTE 
INSECTICIDES 
IN DUST FORM 
saving Fruit and Vegetable Crops when other 
methods fail. 
NO BARREL OF WATER TO HAUL 
^ LEGGETT'S 
Potatoes dusted as fast as 
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(Ik CHAMPION 
Several styles for 
\Sk DUSTER 
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Fit ? 
FIELD 
llfelst ORCHARD 
Our Spray Calendar gives concise information regarding 
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Leggett & Bro., 301 Pearl St., New York. 
B ERRY GROWERS who use our “Pickers’ 
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FREE. Thompson, The Printer, R.-8, Oswego, N. Y. 
A LFADFA SEED-Kansas grown, best known. 
Prices and samples on application. 
KANSAS SEED HOUSE, Lawrence, Kans. 
Binder Twine 
Farmers wanted as agents 
AUGUST POST, 
Moulton, - Iowa. 
PARAGRENE 
is bettor, cheaper and bulkier than PARIS GREEN. 
‘‘Have used Paragrene for potato bugs. It was per¬ 
fectly satisfactory. L. H. BAILEY, Prof, of Horticul¬ 
ture, Cornell University.” Price 1 & J lb. pkgs. 25 cts. 
per lb. Write for booklet. Fred L, Uavanburg,N.Y. 
CTADK TREES ARE FAMOUS 
X I wherever planted: are planted 
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Catalog of superb fruits—Black Ben, 
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ROGERS TREES ARE 
DIFFERENT 
FROM OTHERS. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL 
Dansville.N. Y. 
APPLE BREEDERS. 
CELERY and CABBAGE PLANTS 
FOR SALE— Leading varieties, carefully packed 
with moss in baskets, f. o. b. here. Write for prices. 
Cash with order. Plants ready about June 15. 
WOODLAND FARM, Oanastota, Madison Co., N.Y. 
PIONEER GUARANTEED 
NURSERY STOCK 
AT WHOLESALE PRICES. 
All stock guaranteed disease free—' 
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HART PIONEER NURSERIES 
t Established 1865, Fort Scott, Kan 
TREES 
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NEW STEEL 
ROOFING and 
Siding$175 
PER IOO 
SQ. FT. 
Metal roofing, such as we offer, is far superior to any other kind. It is easior to lay, lasts 
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15 Grade Semi-Hardened Steel, painted red two sides, perfectly Hat, 24 Inchon wide by 24 
inches long. Corrugated (as Illustrated), “V” CrlmiKKl or Standing Seam costs $1.85. 
We can furnish this Hoofing in 6 or 8 foot lengths at 25c per square additional, W e 
offer Pressed Brick Siding and Beaded Ceiling or Siding at $2.25 per IOO square feet. 
price— WE PAY THE FREIGHT TO ALL POINTS EAST OF COLORADO 
except Oklahoma, Indian Territory and Texas. Prices to other points on application. 
Send in your order for as many squares as you may need to cover your new or old 
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want quick dellvory, now is the time to place your order. Send us diagram of the Buildli 
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lace your order. Send us diagram of the Building you have to cover, 
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Ask For Catalog No. W 67. Lowest prices on Roofing, Eve Trough, Wire, Pipe. Fencing, Plumbings, Doors, 
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CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 
35TH & IRON STREETS 
CHICAGO 
