1906. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
531 
CHEESE FACTORY METHODS. 
Would you give me some information in 
regard to the correct method of paying pa¬ 
trons of a cheese factory for their milk. The 
writer is interested in a cooperative cheese 
factory and we pay our patrons according 
to the amount of butter fat contained in the 
milk they furnish. If one patron br'ngs milk 
testing 3 per cent and another brings milk 
testing four per cent, one is paid the price 
of three pounds of butter fat per hundred and 
the other the price of four pounds butter fat 
per hundred pounds of milk. Now some fac¬ 
tories add two per cent to the test of the 
milk brought by each patron, making three 
per cent milk test five per cent and four per 
cent milk test six per cent. etc. I would 
like to know whether tills last method gives 
to each patron the correct value of his milk 
according to quality. To my notion the man 
with four per cent milk loses money while 
the man with three per cent gains by this last 
named method. For example, two per cent 
milk would double in value while three per 
cent would gain only two-thirds in value. 
Or, does three per cent milk produce more 
cheese to the pounds of butter fat than four 
per cent 7 l. n. n. 
Hose Lawn, Wis. 
The addition of the common number 
(2) originated in Canada and was in¬ 
tended to pay the three per cent man 
for the excess of casein over fat in his 
milk as compared to milk containing from 
3/ 2 to four per cent fat. It is a fact that 
three per cent milk will make a small 
amount of cheese more to each pound of 
fat than four per cent, and if three per 
cent normal milk is a basis of our judg¬ 
ment, that is, of the quality of cheese 
made from this milk which has an excess 
of casein and hence would make a poorer 
cheese, is made the basis, then the addi¬ 
tion of the number 2 is certainly correct. 
On the other hand, and this is the opinion 
of the writer, three per cent milk should 
not be the basis of good full cream cheese, 
but rather a quality ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 
per cent. In the average herd milk with 
such variation chemists have found the 
casein and fat to hold a fairly constant 
ratio one to the other. When the fat in¬ 
creases the casein follows, and so we get 
a quality, all other things being equal, 
quite uniform. It is therefore an injus¬ 
tice to add 2 to these grades of milk 
which show but little variation in rela¬ 
tive amount of fat and casein, just for the 
sake of building up the value of normal 
skim-milk. If again there is a quantity 
of very rich milk, five per cent or above 
this will produce a cheese richer in fat 
and less of it per pound butter fat. Now 
the question arises, if three per cent milk 
makes more but poorer cheese and five 
per cent milk less but richer cheese, and 
the usual run of 3.3 to 4.5 per cent docs 
not greatly vary in pounds cheese to 
pounds fat, and hence of nearly uniform 
quality, why should anything be added? 
The rich milk will balance the poor milk 
in quality, and the poor milk will balance 
the rich milk in output, and so why add 
the common factor (2) to these? This 
is the way I have always looked at this 
matter, and can sec no legitimate reason 
fo changing it now, so far as justice is 
concerned. When we come to the busi¬ 
ness side of the question and the patrons 
with three per cent milk constantly com¬ 
plaining because they do not get as much 
as others, this method of adding seems 
to satisfy and that is worth a good deal. 
If your people are satisfied I should not 
change. _ h. e. cook. 
THE REGISTRATION OF ANIMALS. 
Breeding associations arc organized to 
promote and guard the purity of breeds of 
live stock and to establish and maintain 
standards of merit. The character of 
these associations depends upon the stand¬ 
ard of Jhe members thereof. Men of high 
moral and intellectual ideals will seek 
high standards for the breeds to live up 
to. Every purebred animal must have a 
pedigree showing registered sire and dam, 
if the offspring is at once eligible to reg* 
istry. The owner fills out a blank appli¬ 
cation form, supplied by the secretary of 
the association, and forwards to head¬ 
quarters with the necessary fee. If the 
application is corect, a certificate of reg¬ 
istry is issued to the owner of the animal. 
This certificate gives the name of the ani¬ 
mal and association number, sex, date of 
birth, name and number of sire and dam, 
name and address of breeder arid also of 
owner. The methods of breeding associa¬ 
tions vary in details, but in general cover 
the points above given. 1 he association 
endeavors to be accurate in its work, 
though some secretaries naturally make 
occasional mistakes. 
What is the value of the certificate? 
That question has been editorially raised 
in this journal. In general the certificate 
is simply evidence of the registration of a 
certain animal, presumably the one it is 
said to go with. But some men unfor¬ 
tunately are liars and cheats, and so with¬ 
out any question some certificates are 
bogus. More or less animals are fraudu¬ 
lently registered. No one knows how 
many. Integrity is the foundation of suc¬ 
cess in business, and its application comes 
in here as elsewhere. 
No man has any right to erase or 
change in any detail a certificate of regis¬ 
try. Yet this is done from time to time 
by men who wish to deceive. The date of 
birth may be carefully changed and an 
animal sold for one younger than it really 
is. This simply illustrates one method. 
No doubt many grade animals have been 
registered as purebred. Purebed, barren, 
registered cows have been credited annu¬ 
ally with calves which have been regis¬ 
tered. 
This fraudulent registration of animals 
became apparent years ago, and resulted 
in the enactment of laws in most States 
making such registration a felony subject 
to severe punishment. There arc some 
famous cases of men who have been pros¬ 
ecuted for fraudulent registration. Prob¬ 
ably not a breeding association in the 
world, engaged in registering stock, but 
what has crooked registration in its books. 
The evil is in part due to premeditated 
fraud and in part to carelessness. 
Should men be exposed who are crook¬ 
ed in this sort of thing? Most certainly. 
But it is no easy thing to secure the sup¬ 
port of stockmen in exposing a member of 
an association. Each man would rather 
some one else should do it. It may in¬ 
volve lawsuit, legal expense and trouble 
of the most unpleasant character. A 
wealthy, strong breeding association can 
do this if it will, and it should. There 
are numerous small, impecunious breeding 
associations, however, that are not sit¬ 
uated to cary on fights in the courts and 
prosecute men. With them the situation 
is different and not so easily accomplished. 
Unquestionably the great bulk of the busi¬ 
ness of registering animals and selling 
purebred stock is honestly conducted. 
Lack of integrity here is probably no more 
common than its lack in other transac¬ 
tions of business. c. s. plumb. 
Ohio. _________ 
HOW TO PLACE HENHOUSES. 
I have a piece of ground 200 by 140 feet 
on which I would like chickens; It is very 
poor. IIow would you build the houses, 
through the center, and yard half one Sum¬ 
mer and sow oats and clover in the other 
half? I wish to know how to build the 
ground up, and how to build the houses to 
raise the most fowls, W. 1*. Rocks, without 
crowding too much. How many can I raise, 
the best plan for best results? s. D. H. 
Coupon, Pa. 
It would'be easier to answer the above 
if the writer had stated which way the 
land lies. If the longest way (200 feet) 
runs east and west, so that a line of 
houses across the middle would face 
south, then I would put up a continuous 
house clear across the lot, the houses to 
be 10 feet wide by 10 feet long with a 
10 x 10 foot scratching shed attached to 
each house. With a closed house at the 
west end and two open front scratching 
sheds divided in the middle by a wire 
partition, followed by two enclosed 
houses, with two open front sheds next, 
and so on clear across the lot. each house 
would have a scratching shed, and the 
runs would be 20 feet wide. The build¬ 
ings need not be put across the middle 
of the lot. I think it would be better to 
make the Summer runs on the north 
side of the buildings, considerably longer 
than the runs on the south side. For a 
good part of the Winter the runs are 
not used at all; and the longer the runs 
the longer the rye or clover would last 
in the Spring. Such houses would ac¬ 
commodate 25 to 30 hens each,—the 
larger number would not be too many 
of any of the Americans breeds, so the 
lot would have 300 fowls on it. At the 
common estimate of one dollar per year 
profit on each hen the lot would pro¬ 
duce $300 a year, while the hens were 
adding to its fertility. For years my 
hens have exceeded the “dollar apiece 
p-ofit per year,” and with all the grain 
bought, too. .If the lot runs the other 
way, two rov/s of houses with yards of 
one running north and the other south 
might be put up, and more fowls kept, 
if as I understand it, the object is to 
bring up the land and then remove fowls 
and buildings to some other location. 
Such houses can be made in sections and 
screwed together, so they can be readily 
taken apart and moved, and in stormy 
weather, deep snows, etc., a long con¬ 
tinuous house is very pleasant to do the 
work in. geo. a. cosgrove. 
FLIES ON CATTLE. 
The flies are so bad here it is very unpleas¬ 
ant to milk. Will you tell me what I can 
spray the cows with to help to keep off the 
flies so as not harm the cows? J. w. b. 
Thompsonville, Mich. 
We have found “Shoo-fly” sprayed over 
the cows according to directions a good 
remedy. In bulletin 68 of the Missouri 
Experiment Station (Columbia) record of 
an experiment with “Shoo-fly” is made. 
It kept the flies away from the cows. 
Economy Silo 
Cheapens the cost of feed for your stock 
and pays for itself the first winter. 
Unique in construction, easily put up 
and absolutely air-tight—no mouldy en¬ 
silage. Doors arc continuous from bottom 
to top, and easily opened and closed with¬ 
out the use of hammer or wrench, no com¬ 
plicated fastenings. Strong, handsome, 
well-hooped and fully guaranteed. 
Write today for Free illustrated Catalog 
I, with experience of users. 
Economy Silo & Tank Co., Frederick, Md, 
SILOS 
The kind that “ Uncle Sam” uses. Contin¬ 
uous opening Front, Air-tight Doors, Per¬ 
manent Iron Ladder. Also Silo Filling 
Machinery, Manure Spreaders, Horse ana 
Dog Powers, Threshers. 
HARDER MFG. CO. f 
Box I I, Cobleskill, N. Y. 
The International 
Is the only Silo with an Automatic Self Adjusting 
Hoop. Also has Continuous, Open Front, Air Tight, 
and Easy Operating Door, and a Permanent Ladner, 
always in Position. Made of Selected 2-inch Tank 
Pine. Matched, ready to set up. THE INTER¬ 
NATIONAL SILO CO., Box 91, Jefferson, O. 
SILO 
USE LACEY’S 
HOOPS 
Pat. Doors and Gal* 
vanized Wire Hoops. 
Ask for prices. Freight ' 
prepaid. ELMERB. LACEY, West Auburn, Pa. 
Are hard 
to cure, yefc 
SHOE BOILS 
.ABSORBINE 
Will remove them and 
leave no blemish. Does 
not blister or remove the 
hair. Cures any puff or 
swelling. $2.00 per bottle, 
delivered. Book 7-B Free. 
ABSORBINE, JR., for 
mankind, $1.00 per Bottle. 
Cures Boils, Bruises, Old 
Sores, Swellings, Etc. Manufactured only by 
W. F.Y0UNG, P.D.F. 88 Monmouth St, Springfield,Mass. 
Don’t Delay Your Purchase 
OF A 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
Don’t make the mistake of putting off your purchase of 
a Cream Separator until fall or another spring season. There 
was never a better time to make so good an investment than 
right now. There are half a dozen very strong reasons for it. 
The use of the Cream Separator is doubly profitable during the 
hot months. The bulk of milk is greatest. The drudgery of 
the dairy work is greatest. The need of ice and cold water is 
greatest. The value of the sweet skimmilk is greatest. The 
waste of butter-fat by any setting system is greatest. Every 
other system than the separator is at its worst. Hence again 
we say that there never was a better time to make the purchase 
of a separator than right now. Butter prices are extremely 
good and a machine will half pay for itself by autumn. As 
between separators—the DE LAVAL is as much superior to 
other machines as they are to setting systems. As to terms— 
you may either pay cash or so easily that the machine will 
actually pay for itself. A new catalogue is to he had for the 
asking—send for it today. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
General Offices: 
74 Cortlandt Street, 
NEW YORK. 
Randolph & Canal 8ts. 
CHICAGO. 
1213 Filbert Street 
PHILADELPHIA 
9 & 11 Drumm St., 
SAN FRANCISCO. 
109-113 Youville Square 
MONTREAL. 
75 & 77 York Street 
TORONTO. 
14-16 Princess St., 
WINNIPEG. 
* 
¥ 
¥ 
¥ 
L 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
Demand a Look Inside 
DAIRY TUBULAR BOWL—All Apart 
“Bucket bowl” separator makers falsely claim to make separators with light, simple, easy- 
to-wash bowls. We are the only makers who dare show a picture of our bowl — all others 
refuse. There are secret difficulties about other bowls the makers want to hide. Pictures 
would betray them. Other makers fear pictures. Our handsome Catalog Z-153 tells these 
secrets. Write for it today. 
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 
Toronto. Can. _ WEST CHESTER, PA._Chicago, III. 
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WEEDSPORT SILOS. 
The three styles we build are models of up-to-date Silo 
construction. The cut shows “The Weedsport Improved 
Silo,” with removable sliding, interchangeable doors, 
and octagon shingle roof. 
Our HAYRACKS are attractive, light, durable, strong 
and most convenient for all purposes. We also make stock 
troughs, cow stanchions, cider, krout and spraying tanks. 
All goods of our make are warranted to be of good material in 
every part and iirst-elass workmanship throughout. Agents 
Wanted in Unoccupied Territory. 
Write for catalogue and special proposition on orders in 
territory not covered by our representative or our agents. 
THE ABRAM WALRATH COMPANY, Box 83,Weedsport, N. Y. 
CAYUGA, 14ft. $8.50, 
16ft. $9.00. 
SENECA, 14ft. $8.00, 
16ft, $8.50. 
