THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1906. 
541 
Events of the Week. 
DOMESTIC.—In the United States District Court at Kan¬ 
sas City, Mo., June 22, Judge Smith McPherson of Red 
Oak, Iowa, passed sentence upon the seven defendants re¬ 
cently convicted of making concessions and accepting and 
conspiring to accept rebates on shipments. Judgments in 
the nature of fines were assessed, in the packers' cases, as 
follows: Swift & Co., $15,000; Cudahy Packing Company, 
$15,000: Armour Packing Company, $15,000; Nelson Morris 
& Co.. $15,000; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railway, 
$15,000. George L. Thomas of New York, was fined $6,000 
and sentenced to four months in penitentiary. L. B. Tag¬ 
gart. of New York, was fined $4,000. and sentenced to three 
months in (lie penitentiary. A fine of $15,000 assessed 
against the Burlington, covered all four counts, the aggre¬ 
gate amount of tlie fines in the seven cases totalling $100,- 
000. Appeals were filed in eacli case, and a stay of execu¬ 
tion was granted until June 29, until they could be per¬ 
fected. The bonds in the case of Thomas and Taggart were 
fixed at $6,000 each. These two men appeared in court per¬ 
sonally, and upon being sentenced promptly furnished the 
required bonds. The bonds in the case of the packing com¬ 
panies and the Burlington were fixed at $15,000 each. Mo¬ 
tions for new trials for the packers, the Burlington Rail¬ 
road. and Thomas and Taggart, were ail overruled. . . . 
William II. Hunting, in whose tobacco warehouse at East 
Hartford. Conn., a destructive fire raged June 23, places the 
loss at $200,000. The lug warehouse was practically de¬ 
stroyed, with its contents of more than 2,500 bales of to¬ 
bacco. Nearly all of the loss will fall upon Emanuel Hoff¬ 
man & Sons of New York, owners of the tobacco. 
An analysis of 49 samples of sausage, Hamburg steak, Wien¬ 
erwurst, bologna, ham-loaf, veal-loaf, tripe, and pigs’-foot 
jelly, bought in the Indianapolis city market by II. E. Bar¬ 
nard, chemist of the Indiana State Board of Health, revealed 
that only 16 of the samples come up to legal requirements. 
The other 33 contained chemicals prohibited by law. The 
purchases were made from meat stocks found on the counters 
of the market stands. One sample of Hamburg steak and 
one of bulk sausage contained borax. The most frequently 
used preservative, as discovered in the samples, was sodium 
sulphite, used to give a fresh, red color to meat. To Mr. 
Barnard several dealers admitted using preservatives on their 
meats. Mr. Barnard had made previous trips of a similar 
kind, and dealers had promised him to stop using preserva¬ 
tives. The last tour was made in order to learn if his in¬ 
structions had been followed. A report of his investigation' 
was made to the State Board of Health June 22. 
Former State Senator George E, Green of Binghamton, N. Y., 
and Willard I). Doremus. of Washington, D. C.. who had 
been on trial for four weeks charged with bribery and con¬ 
spiracy to defraud the Government in connection with the 
sale of cancelling machines to the Post Office Department, 
were acquitted June 23 in Criminal Court, No. 1. 
In Chicago during the 50 days between May 1 and June 19, 
21 persous were killed and 107 injured in 82 street ear ac¬ 
cidents. ... On its first trip up the Orange Mountain, 
Orange, N. J., June 24, a trolley car of the Orange Moun¬ 
tain Traction Company got out of control and ran away 
down the mountain side. One man was instantly killed, an¬ 
other probably fatally injured and 11 others hurt In a great¬ 
er or less degree. The line has just been built. The acci¬ 
dent happened on the initial trip of the new line made for 
the purpose of testing the brakes. The line was not to be 
opened to the public for a week. . . . Five ice dealers 
at Toledo, O., June 25, were fined $5,900 and sentenced to 
one year in the workhouse by Judge Kinkade for violation 
of the Valentine anti-trust law. The sentence Is the max¬ 
imum penalty under the statute, and it is the first time 
that the imprisonment clause has been enforced. Other 
violations of the same law have been punished by fines, no 
imprisonment having been imposed. The sentence is to begin 
immediately, but the Court has promised that if the money 
extorted from the people be returned to them, and if the 
trust ceases operations as such, he will listen to a plea that 
part of the imprisonment be remitted. The men sentenced 
are Joseph A. Miller, manager of the Toledo Ice and Coal 
Company; R. C. Lemmon and E. A. Beard, officers of the 
Ilygeia Ice Company, and two of the most prominent busi¬ 
ness and society men in the city, the former a grandson of 
the late Judge Reuben C. Lemmon, the famous jurist; Peter 
H. Watters of the Michigan Lake Ice Company, and H. P. 
Breining of the Bawbee Company. 
SAN FRANCISCO.—It has been decided to open the sa¬ 
loons of San Francisco on July 5. It has also been agreed 
;by the mayor, the board of supervisors, and the police com¬ 
missioners to raise the license fee to $500. The city 
authorities give the excuse for opening the saloons at this 
.early date that they could not afford to forego the license 
revenue any longer. It is believed that fully 500 licenses 
will be applied for, and this means $250,000. The conser¬ 
vative citizens look forward to the saloon opening with 
dread. It means the return of the lawless element to the 
city, a revival of thuggism, and the choking of the scantily 
provided and ill-secured temporary prisons. The darkened 
city and vast area of ruin-piled streets will offer splendid 
opportunity for crime. Shacks for saloons will spring up 
all over this area. A newly organized corporation calling 
itself the California Liquor Association has asked the Board 
of Supervisors for bids for the exclusive privilege of selling 
liquor and conducting saloons in San Francisco for the next 
20 years. This corporation offers to pay $1,000,000 a year 
for the first five years, $1,250,000 for the second five years, 
and $2,000,000 a year for the following ten. As an alterna¬ 
tive proposition, the corporation offers to give the city 50 
per cent of the gross receipts, which in itself is eloquent 
of the status of the liquor traffic in San Francisco. The 
offer has stirred up the local saloon-keepers and their politi¬ 
cal allies. They denounce the offer as an attempt at an un¬ 
just monopoly,'and their legal advisers declare that such 
a scheme would be unconstitutional. The bartenders’ union 
also denounces it as an outrageous attempt at trust control. 
As the majority of the Board of Supervisors are Interested 
In saloons, either directly or indirectly, however, there is 
little ground upon which the California Liquor Association 
may build hope of success. Much complaint is made that 
union demands are hampering the rebuilding of the city. 
Every effort is being made to discourage outside labor from 
coming in in the hope that wages may be driven higher and 
higher. The minimum rate for plasterers is $8 a day, and 
some are getting as high as $10 for staying on emergency 
jobs. The bricklayer’s minimum is $7, and wherever he can 
he asks $8, $9 and $10 a day. The humble hod-carrier will 
accept $5 and the carpenter from $5 to $6. Ordinary day 
laborers are hard to get at $2.50, and there will be a mighty 
howl of rage when some of the big contracFing firms, rail¬ 
roads and steamship companies bring on to the coast many 
thousand foreigners, who will willingly work for $2. or even 
$1.50. Contractors who are preparing for big building en¬ 
terprises during the Winter will take the precaution of 
building barracks for their workmen. Several eastern con¬ 
tractors have already rented acres of land on the outskirts 
of (lie city or across the bay on the rim of Oakland and 
Berkeley. On this land they will build barracks and store¬ 
houses for toots and material. Their armies of workmen 
will be quartered in the barracks. It may cost money for 
the contractors to do this, but it will mean an economy in 
the end, for it will save time—the time that would be lost 
In hunting far afield for labor. The army has built bar¬ 
racks in Golden Gate Bark for the refugees. Gen. Greelv 
and his officers are urging upon the city and members of the 
relief committee the necessity of building more barracks: of 
building them in the public parks and squares, and maintain¬ 
ing them there until tlie necessity is apparent to property- 
owners to build dwellings. The contractors and builders are 
also counting on housing many of their men on fhe property 
they are building over. Once the foundation work is up, 
sheds will be erected upon the first floor, and the workmen 
will have the use of them free for dwelling purposes. 
ADMINISTRATION.—Practically the entire session of the 
Cabinet .Tune 22 was devoted to a consideration of proceed¬ 
ings likelv to be begun by the Department of Justice against 
the Standard Oil Company. It is known that the Depart¬ 
ment of Justice for several weeks has been making an In¬ 
vestigation into the transactions of the Standard Oil Com¬ 
pany with a view to prosecution if it were found that the 
law in any way had been violated. It Is certain that a 
decision finallv has been reached to enter upon proceedings 
against the oil combination. . . . The House passed the 
Pure Food bill June 23, a substitute for fhe Senate measure, 
by a vote of 240 to 17. Several amendments were adopted; 
but an amendment designed to prevent the blending of whis¬ 
key was rejected, 34 to 74. An amendment offered by Mr. 
Mann of Illinois, for the Committee on Interstate and For¬ 
eign Commerce, was agreed to, providing that the word 
“person” as used in the act should be construed in either 
file singular or plural, as occasion demanded; also that it 
should be held to include corporations, companies and asso¬ 
ciations, and that persons acting as officials, employees or 
agents of corporations, companies or associations shall be re¬ 
quired, equally with their principals, to observe the provi¬ 
sions of the bill. 
FARM AND GARDEN.—The annual meeting of the Amer¬ 
ican Association of Nurserymen was held at Dallas, Tex., 
.Tune 13. Orlando Harrison, of Berlin, Md., mayor of his 
town and for many years an expert nurseryman, was made 
president by a vote of 73, over E. Albertson of Indiana, who 
received 57 votes. The following officers were unanimously 
elected: J. W. Hill, Des Moines, Iowa, vice-president; 
George C. Seager, Rochester, N. Y.. secretary: C. C. Yates, 
Rochester, N. Y., treasurer; E. Albertson, Bridgeport, Ind., 
chairman of executive committee; J. II. Dayton, of Ohio, 
and F. II. Stannard. of Kansas, members of the executive. 
The next meeting will be held at Detroit, Mich. 
The annual field meeting of the New Hampshire Horti¬ 
cultural Society was held on Wilson Ilill, Pittsfield, N. II., 
June 27. A number of prominent speakers addressed the 
evening session. 
The will of the late Theodore Kearney, of Fresno, Cal., 
bequeaths to the University of California his entire estate, 
valued at $900,000, to be used in the establishment of a 
Kearney Agricultural Experiment Station as an adjunct 
of the university. For new material in its work next year 
the university has. besides the Fresno estate, a farm at 
Davisville, a'station at Riverside and $24,000 a year from 
the United States under the Adams bill for advancing scien¬ 
tific work in agriculture. Mr. Kearney’s bequest includes 
3,000 acres of Alfalfa. 1,200 acres of vineyards, hundreds 
of acres of fruit trees, ornamental grounds of more than 
200 acres*, containing a wonderful variety of trees, shrubs 
and flowers; an adobe dwelling, which cost $20,000, and 
a complete equipment of packing houses, shops, stables, 
poultry yards and other farm buildings and appurtenances. 
The Summer meeting of the Wisconsin State Horticultural 
Society will be held at Baraboo August 29. 
CROP PROSPECTS. 
Wheat cutting is in full force (.Tune 20) ; has been very 
dry, fine rain on the 19th. Corn small, none laid by. 
Fruit plentiful; potatoes will be good since the rain. 
SVashington. Mo. G- H. 
So far this month (.Tune 17) the weather has been dry. 
The oats and bays crop will be short, corn is doing well 
yet; strawberries about one-quarter crop; cherries abundant, 
but small. Mercury 94 degrees yesterday. J. s. 
Corning, Iowa. 
Keep after the frauds. Let us all yell for parcels post. 
Let us have a little more on small fruit; there is a large 
acreage of small fruit here. Some are picking 60 bushels 
strawberries per day; we are getting $2.50 per bushel. The 
freeze killed all the early bloom, although peaches came 
through in good shape. Corn planting is late. A very heavy 
acreage of potatoes going in in this county (Macomb). 
Apples are short crop. Blackcap raspberries, also the red 
varieties, will be in evidence. Wheat and rye will be a fair 
crop: hay poor; oats are looking well. w. b. m. 
TJtica, Mich. 
R. N.-Y.—We must do something besides yell. 
NEW YORK ENT0M0L0GIC SERVICE. 
Aphids or plant lice continue abundant on apple and other 
fruit trees and currants. Their natural enemies, especially 
lady beetles, should soon check them effectively if they have 
not already been controlled by spraying. Elm bark-lice are 
rather abundant and injurious to elms in the Hudson Valley. 
Their presence may be detected by the abundant honey-dew 
excreted, moistening the walk beneath infested trees. Such 
should be sprayed when the young appear, early in July, 
with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap. Elm leaf-beetle 
work is becoming quite apparent in the upper Hudson Val¬ 
ley. This pest yields readily to thorough spraying with 
an arsenical poison. Grape root-worms have largely pupated 
in the Chautauqua region, and one of the most effective 
methods of destroying the pest, namely, cultivation for 
the purpose of killing the pupae, must be done at once if 
good results are to be secured. 
Rose beetles have appeared in large numbers in differ¬ 
ent sections of the State, occasioning considerable annoy¬ 
ance and in some places serious loss. These pests may be 
driven away to some extent by dusting the infested plants 
when wet with dew with land plaster, lime, road dust or 
similar materials, or by spraying with arsenate of lead, us¬ 
ing five pounds to> 25 or 30 gallons of water. It may pay 
to put mosquito netting over a few valued plants. San 
Jose scale has commenced breeding in the Hudson Valley, 
and parties having infested trees should examine them 
closely and thus get an idea as to the abundance of the 
pest and the effectiveness of any treatment given in the 
Spring. Tussock caterpillars are now about half grown, and 
have already caused considerable injury to shade trees in 
some cities 'and villages. Well-marked injury now usually 
means partial or complete defoliation a little later, and 
these pests should be checked at once by thorough spraying 
with poison or by shaking the caterpillars from the trees 
and preverting their ascent by banding the trunks with 
sticky paper, tarred paper or a hand of cotton hatting. The 
latter should he four to six inches wide, tied tightly around 
the middle, and the upper half turned down over the string. 
State Entomologist. e. p. pelt. 
PREPARING FOR THE HARVEST. 
In just a few days we Shall be amid the greatest activi¬ 
ties of the year: the hum of the mower will be heard at 
early dawn, and when the Summer sun is burnisliing the 
hills’ and woodlands with its last evening rays the creaking 
of the heavily loaded wagons will / announce to the folks 
at the farmhouse that the task of the day is completed, and 
the gleanings will soon be in the barn. Now is the time 
to be at work preparing so that we can make the most of 
those days. Our mower has been groifnd and tested along 
the driveway, and was found in perfect condition, except 
that some of the plates on the guards will require grinding, 
and that work is listed for the next rainy day. If is well 
to note that it is just as important that the guard plale is 
ground and that the section bar is adjusted so fhe knife Is 
held close to the plate, as that the section is in perfect 
shape. We have ordered a box of sections and rivets: we 
have a few in stock now, but feel it a wise investment to 
be so well supplied that there will be no need of going to 
town on a busv day to get some repairs. A well-filled pan¬ 
try and storehouse is essential, too; we have no time, and 
the horses have no extra energy to spend making trips to 
the cross-roads grocery in harvest days. We have recently 
inventoried the household supplies and ordered at wholesale 
almost $50 worth of supplies, and effected a great saving in 
cost as well as time. We have blended an 18-eent red en¬ 
gine machine oil, which we buy by the barrel, with a 45 
cent cylinder oil, and secured an oil of proper density for 
the harvesting machinery. This gives a better oil for less 
money than can be found in any other way, and is about the 
same* thing as the so-called castor which is on the market. 
Inspection revealed the need of some new bolts and boards 
on a hayrack, and note was made of dimensions and the 
order is out. The wagons, harness, rake, tedder, loader, 
horse fork and mows are in readiness; small tools are in 
shape, scythes and stones together and in waiting. 
It may be a benefit to some to know of a cheap shelter we 
have ready for machinery during harvest time, when the 
barn floors must be cleared for hay. We cut second growth 
chestnut posts 15 feet long, set them In the ground four feet, 
and ran poles across the tops as supporting beams; then 
took the cuttings from the orchard and piled on to give 
pitch, and lastly ran the straw carrier on when thrashing 
a 29-acre field of buckwheat, and then finished with oat 
straw. We have now a shed which is 25 x 50 feet, 11 feet 
high, open on all sides. We can drive all machines under 
when done with them; they are protected from sun, dew 
and rain, can run extra loads of hay in here for the night, 
and find it of service on every day of the year. It only 
cost in cash a few cents for spikes; the time consumed 
in its building was small, and the straw, of which we had 
an excess,- will be worth more when rotted than it would 
had we sold it when it is ready to be plowed under. 
Other litter or a paper roof will also give a covering. 
In filling a section bar with new plates the task can he 
done at home much quicker than a trip can be made to the 
village smithy, if you know how to and have the few simple 
tools. Our method is this: Set the vice so that the sec¬ 
tion is just allowed to slip in. place it in with point down ; 
this leaves the bar resting on one of tHe jaws of the vice. 
Now strike a quick, heavy downward blow on the back edge 
of the section. The two rivets are thus cut off in a flash, 
and the section falls to the floor. Bunch out ends of rivets in 
the bar. place on new sections, start rivets with rivet set 
or riveting hammer, finish down smooth on emery wheel or 
grindstone. o. o. wiard. 
Bennsylvania. 
COMMERCIAL APPLES FOR COLORADO. 
In planting a commercial apple orchard in Colorado what 
varieties would you select with a view to the future? Would 
you include the Spencer Seedless apple in this list? 
In setting out a commercial apple orchard one would not 
set over three of the following varieties : Ben Davis, Gano, 
Winesap, Jonathan, Rome Beauty, Black Twig and Missouri 
Bippin. All of these varieties are good cold storage stock, 
except the Mammoth Black Twig; it is a Splendid seller in 
the Fall and' Winter. In referring to the Seedless, it has 
not been demonstrated to my satisfaction yet that they will 
he profitable. This is the sentiment of the largest fruit 
growers of the Grand Valley. j. d. c. 
Grand Valley, Col. 
I have just put out 24 acres of apple frees. I put out 
Jonathan. Gano and Grimes Golden. I have 50 acres in or¬ 
chard. I have not seen any of the Seedless apples, but 
have a friend living in Grand Junction who has had 
considerable experience in trees and fruit. He says the 
quality of the Seedless apple Is about the same as Ben 
Davis; it has a core but no seeds, and they so far have 
only been able to produce this one kind of seedless apple. 
I don’t consider it worth planting only as a curiosity. 
Grand Valley, Col. t. g. 
This >'s rather a hard question to answer satisfactorily : 
there are so many varieties that succeed well here that one 
is at a loss to name the best. In fact, I know of no variety 
planted here, and about every apple of any value may be 
found growing and bearing in some of our orchards, that has 
not given satisfaction. I will name a few apples that I 
would plant in a commercial orchard: Black Ben Davis 
or Gano, Mammoth Black Twig, York Imperial, Winesap, 
Jonathan. Grimes Golden, Rome Beauty, Jeniton, Arkansas 
Black, Wealthy. I would not plant the Grand Junction 
Seedless apple to any extent. j. h. b. 
Dolores, Coi. 
The Ben Davis family, Wealthy. Jefferis, Northwestern 
Greening, Yellow Transparent, Delicious and Bellflower Im¬ 
proved and Banana are very promising. I have only been 
here seven years, and my orchard, the oldest of it, is only 
six years old. If I was going to plant a commercial or¬ 
chard on the same soil, same altitude, same location, same 
water right and same subsoil, I would plant Ben Davis. 
Wealthy, Jonathan, Northwestern Greening. As to the 
Seedless apple, I know nothing but what I have read of it. 
I think anyone would be unwise to plant it commercially, 
for it is new. and it takes an apple from 50 to 100 years 
to demonstrate the fact that it is fit to go in a commercial 
orchard. j. b. f. 
Grand Valley, Col. 
As to varieties I would plant for commercial purposes. I 
am a little undecided, but would surely be a few of the fol¬ 
lowing five varieties: Gano, Ben Davis, Jonathan, Rome 
Beauty, Winesap. They are all money-makers, the much- 
abused “Ben" not by any means taking a back seat. It 
sells for less money, but Is a good bearer, good keeper, hand¬ 
some, and is the apple for export. A tree agent informs me 
that in numbers of trees sold Gano leads, then Winesap. 
Jonathan. Rome Beauty, etc. No, I would not include the 
Seedless apple, nor have I heard of anyone who wants to 
plant it. I have been unable to find out much about it, 
either from the officers of the company who are promoting 
it or my neighbor who has some of the trees in his orchard. 
The originator seems very reticent, and his neighbors when 
asked about it look serious and shake their heads. The 
few scattering trees that were planted before the company 
was organized were bought by the company, in order to make 
their trade mark effective. While I hope that it may prove 
to be of great value, yet I am inclined to think that' it is a 
novelty that, like many others, will be a disappointment. 
Grand Junction, Col. a. t. b. 
I should plant nearly all Fall and Winter varieties; Jona¬ 
than, Stayrnan, perhaps some Grimes Golden. Grimes 
Golden is a splendid seller, but here bears only every other 
year. For Winter Ben Davis, Gano and Black Ben Davis. 
I am quite a friend of old Ben, for it is a much better apple 
raised in Grand Valley than in southern Missouri. After 
January 15 it is a good juicy apple as raised here, and 
taking a ;un of five years will grow two boxes to the Fall 
varieties’ one. I shall plant 10 acres next Spring, mostly 
Jonathan and Stayrnan, a few Mountain Beauty, which is 
similar to Missouri Bippin, but a little more showy and bet¬ 
ter quality. We are feeling proud, and we think justly so, 
of the reputation our fruit is getting in the markets, and we 
are getting more particular every year that every box shall 
open up and show according to the stamp on the' outside of 
the box. Having one of the best valleys in the world for 
soil and climate for the apple, by putting up a strictly hon¬ 
est pack we can still improve our reputation About the 
Spencer Seedless apple, I have known J. F. Spencer for the 
last 12 years, but have never tasted one of the Seedless 
apples I think Mr. Spencer is an honest man, but I do 
not like the way he took in introducing fhe apple. In 
forming a stock company to introduce it he evidently lost 
control, and all classes of men get in in a stock company. I 
am not planting any Seedless apple trees, and I do not know 
that any of my neighbors are. From what I have heard 
I think the quality of the apple ranks with the Ben Davis. 
Fruita, Col. _ w. h. b. 
NUT GROWERS’ CONVENTION.—The fifth annual con¬ 
vention of the National Nut Growers’ Association will be 
held at Scranton. Miss., October 31-November 2. 1906. Jackson 
County, Miss., of which Scranton is the county seat, is the 
place of origin of many of the largest and ’finest pecans 
known, while the area of orchards of bearing budded and 
grafted trees surpasses all other sections of country produc¬ 
ing the pecan. The date selected will show the orchards 
with bearing crops ready for harvesting. Among other in¬ 
teresting features will be addresses on the food value and 
home uses of nuts. J. F. Wilson, of Bouian, Ga., is secre¬ 
tary. 
FENCES AND FARM DOGS.—A good fence in good re¬ 
pair with good gates that are kept closed and not let swing 
for the hard wind to break saves time and trouble. Kind 
treatment for our stock makes them gentle and easy to 
handle. One of the worst things on a farm is had fencing, 
and the next bad thing is a dog. When I pass along through 
the country and see the fencing out of repair and the gates 
open, and the cow walking around with a yoke on and two 
or three dogs on the farm and the cows so poor that their 
hip boues would make a good harness rack, I think something 
must be out of joint on this farm. But as long as people 
think more of a dog than they do of a milch cow or a sheep 
there is no way to remedy this state of things, s. a. s. 
Oranda, Va. 
RED CEDAR AND ABBLE TREES.—Cedar rust is propa¬ 
gated by the cedar apple or balls, which during warm, 
moist weather accompanied with southerly winds throw out 
spores which attach to every object, including rocks, old 
rails, etc., and increases while the heat and moisture last 
and wind stays southerly. But as soon as the wind changes 
to westerly or north it ceases to propagate. One remedy 
where cedar trees must be grown is to Diant the anple 
orchard on the south side of the cedars, which is a certain 
protection. There are several apples that are immune to 
the Cedar rust. But never plant the Nero near cedar trees, 
as it is particularly subject to this trouble. Cedar rust 
is not propagated from the apple trees, as we have tried 
budding infected wood of the Nero apple on other apple trees 
to ascertain if it could be carried or spread to new localities 
by this means. i. j. blackwell. 
New Jersey. 
