1906. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
563 
A PROBLEM IN BREEDING. 
We have a herd of native cows which we 
want to cross with a purebred Holstein- 
Friesian bull. Some of the cows are full 
black, some are full red, some are full yellow 
and the remainder are yellow with white legs. 
Shall we bred from a more white than black 
sire or a more black than white one? If pos¬ 
sible we would like nearly all the calves to 
have white legs. c. M. K. 
Oneida, N. Y. 
Grade offspring from a pure Holstein 
sire usually tends to a greater proportion 
of black. If you select even a very liglit- 
colored bull it is probable that you will 
have more black on your calves than is 
desirable in the first generation. Later 
generations will have an increasing pro¬ 
portion of white, if the use of the 
purebred sire is continued, h. h. wing. 
I have never bad any experience in 
breeding any other cattle than Ilolstein- 
Friesian. From what I know, however, 
I would prefer a bull more black than 
white, as he is more liable to mark bis 
calf than a lighter-colored bull. Of 
course it is a pretty hard matter to tell 
anything about whether your calf will 
have white legs or not. This is getting 
down pretty fine. w. w. cheney. 
New York. 
This is a very poor way to start in 
breeding, as the breeder can never have 
anything but grade cows. If he would 
sell just a few of his grade cows and 
put that money in one or two purcbreds, 
then buy a good purebred bull, he would 
in time reach a point that would be of 
some benefit to him. He would then get 
in line for a herd of pure-bred Holstein- 
Friesians. But in reference to his ques¬ 
tion I would get a Holstein bull that 
was about one-half black and one-half 
white, nicely marked, and that did not 
have any black on bis legs. I think in 
this way he would accomplish bis ends 
as nearly as by any other method. But 
I would suggest to this inquirer to try to 
get two or three registered females with 
his bulls; then as his herd increases he 
could drop out the grades and get in line 
for a herd of purebred registered Hol- 
stein-Friesian cattle. a. a. cortelyou. 
New Jersey. 
It is perfectly feasible to cross a reg¬ 
istered Holstein-Friesian bull upon grade 
cows. Increase from such a cross, if 
properly made, will be mostly black and 
white in color, at least one-third larger 
than the native cows, and with an in¬ 
crease of milk capacity of from 25 to 50 
per cent. As a rule it will be found that 
while this has increased the flow of milk, 
it has not been done at the expense of 
butter fat, and the grade cows will gen¬ 
erally test as high in the butter fat as 
natives. However, care must be observed 
in selecting the bull. The inquirer uses 
the words “the purebred Holstein-Frie¬ 
sian bull.” Now, if a Friesian bull is 
purebred, he is entitled to registry, but 
he is not always registered, and because of 
this fact some breeders, I fear, are send¬ 
ing out so-called purebred registered Hoi' 
stein-Friesian bulls which are not regis¬ 
tered and are not entitled to registry. 
Many times they are large, handsomely 
marked, and have all the appearances of 
a purebred registered animal, and the 
purchaser is easily imposed upon. Such 
a bull as I have described will not answer 
this purpose, and the breeder would be 
disappointed in his offspring. The only 
safe wav is to buy a good individual, 
well-bred Holstein-Friesian bull, and 
when you are paying your money and 
taking the animal, require the seller to 
deliver also the certificate of registry, and 
take care to see that the markings in the 
certificate of registry correspond with the 
markings of the animal. Select a bull 
largely more white than black, for the 
reason that it is well established by ex¬ 
perimental test covering a period of many 
years, that the increase from a registered 
Holstein bull upon grade cows of any 
description will almost invariably be 
marked much darker than the sire. While 
it is very desirable to get cows with, 
white legs, you cannot always do that in 
matinc a purebred sire upon scrub or 
grade cows; however, if you select a bull 
largely white you will get a fair propor¬ 
tion with white legs, and pretty evenly 
marked black and white. 
New York. Horace l. bronson. 
My experience and observation lead me 
to say that the tendency upon grade cows 
is to get more black than white in the 
offspring, and I would prefer to have the 
sire in such a case more largely white 
than black. Much, however, will depend 
upon his ancestry. He may be a sport 
from stock with more black than white. 
To be more certain of results, get a bull 
that is not only light himself, but is 
from parentage producing uniformity. In 
breeding upon grade cows you should look 
carefully to prepotency. Get a sire that 
has the ability, so far as individuality and 
ancestry may be judged, to reproduce him¬ 
self. Such a bull will give quite uni¬ 
formly calves of uniform type, and many 
of them, probably from inferior cows, 
will have the appearance and characteris¬ 
tics of full bloods. But people usually 
say, would you raise calves from inferior 
cows? Yes, I would, in a cross of this 
kind. The great cow “Lady Lightfoot,” 
raised on our farm, and now the property 
of Cook & Sons, that to the best of my 
knowledge holds the record for a grade 
cow; viz., 17,400 pounds calving in a 
year and 23,420 pounds milking a full 
year, and these records made in consecu¬ 
tive years, had as a granddam one of the 
most ordinary cows one could wish, she 
being the second cross from purebred 
bulls. When we come to the second cross, 
then I would be more careful, and raise 
only from the best cows. The blood of 
the dam will begin to have more in¬ 
fluence on the young, as she is graded 
from the native. It often happens that 
the first cross from a valuable bull will 
give larger producers than subsequent 
crosses. It was so in my own case, judg¬ 
ing the entire work of each bull since 
the beginning iti 1888. I would throw out 
the notion of white legs, and breed for 
milk and butter fat. No doubt if you get 
the kind of sire advised he will take 
care of the legs, but I would not have 
that too strongly in mind. I would 
much prefer a dairy without a white hair 
on them of superior merit at the pail 
than finely marked average cows. Get 
production first and color if you can. 
_H. E. cook.. 
COW WITH OBSTRUCTED TEAT. 
I have a cow just freshened, and I find 
that one of her teats is obstructed about 
three-eighths of an inch from the end. I 
used a milking tube, which relieved that 
quarter of her bag, but when I withdraw the 
tube I cannot get a drop of milk through. 
I have given her a pound of Epsom salts, and 
purpose following it for three mornings with 
an ounce of saltpeter as recommended re¬ 
cently in The R. N.-Y. by Edward Van Al- 
styne in a similar case. Is there any other 
treatment that you would recommend, and is 
there a probability that the teat will come 
all right as a result of this treatment? Her 
udder is not caked. G. T. 
Lebanon Springs, N. Y. 
What I said before in answer to a 
somewhat similar question, as to use of 
the milking tube, will apply here and in 
all similar cases. It would seem as though 
there was an obstruction in the teat, and 
no fever or inflammation in the udder. 
In this case the physic and saltpeter were 
not so necessary as if inflammation ex¬ 
isted, but they would do no harm, and in 
any case have the effect of putting the 
blood in best shape for treatment. Prob¬ 
ably the tube simply went through the ob¬ 
struction and when it was drawn out it 
closed up again. Should there be no re¬ 
lief when this reaches the questioner, I 
should use a bistoury to open up the teat 
and cut throuugh the obstruction, better 
than a milk tube will do. If there has 
been no previous experience in the use 
of this instrument it will probably be well 
to have a veterinary do it, for while it is 
a simple operation, it is one that if not 
done properly and with care, will mean 
the loss of the quarter. The oil and car¬ 
bolic treatment recommended previously 
will be excellent to inject as a healer 
in this case; in fact, as I wrote at length 
in T he R. N.-Y. last Fall it is a fine thing 
to keep in the stable, and a sure cure for 
scab in the end of the teat. 
E. VAN ALSTYNE. 
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