696 
T II K RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 15, 
NEW YORK FRUIT GROWERS MEET. 
The meeting of the New York State Fruit 
Growers at Fredonia, N. Y„ on August 30, 
was well attended by delegates who came 
from some distance and also local growers. 
The village of Fredonia made great prepara¬ 
tions for their entertainment and took good 
care of all visitors. The programme was 
about equally divided between matters of 
purely local interest and those of general 
interest to fruit growers. The two most 
valuable papers were those of Prof. Hedrick, 
of the Geneva Experiment Station, and Prof. 
Woolverton, of Ontario. Prof. Hedrick dis¬ 
cussed the injury claimed to have been done 
by spraying with Bordeaux Mixture. During 
the Inst year or two many complaints have 
been received from fruit growers that spray¬ 
ing causes Injury to both the trees and the 
fruit. Some fruit growers have gone so far 
as to stop spraying, and find fault with sci¬ 
entific men for suggesting the use of Bor¬ 
deaux. Prof, Hedrick says that we should 
never try to grow fruit in temperate climate 
without this mixture, and that no sensible 
man thinks of giving up spraying. He says 
that many orchards may be classed as “white 
elephants"; that Is, had grown unprofitable 
and have been brought back to profit by the 
nse of copper. At the same time we have 
probably gone too fast with our spraying, and 
some injury has been done. The best plan 
is to continue the spraying and find, if pos¬ 
sible, a remedy. The injury done by copier 
somewhat resembles a fungus disease. Small 
brown or black spots or larger blotches are 
found on the fruit, and the color and size 
are both hurt. The leaves turn yellow and 
spotted, and often fall. A hard frost gives 
a somewhat similar appearance, but is differ¬ 
ent from this copper trouble. Tills injury 
from spraying is found all over wherever 
Bordeaux is used. Injury has been reported 
from Ohio, Illinois, Missouri and Michigan. 
There is almost no injury in California and 
other .Slates where Hie climate is very dry. 
On the other hand, great damage has been 
done where fogs and dampness abound. It 
seems to be demonstrated that the injury is 
worse in wet weather. The trouble has been 
observed for a dozen years, and steadily in¬ 
creases. One reason for this is the fact 
that power sprayers are now generally used, 
and more effective nozzles have come into 
play. The result of this finer spraying and 
greater power is that we put on too much 
of the mixture. It is too thick and too 
evenly applied, and we go on the principle 
that If a little is good a lot must be better. 
Experiments were started at Geneva, and 
also in connection with 25 first-class grow¬ 
ers. The supposition was that the injury 
was caused by copper, and not by lime, ar¬ 
senic or adulteration. It was thought that 
damp weather was the cause, and that too 
much copper was used in the Bordeaux. 
In order to test: the matter thoroughly vari¬ 
ous combinations of copper and lime were 
used as follows: One pound lime, one pound 
copper, 50 gallons water. Two pounds lime, 
two pounds copper, 50 gallons water. Three 
pounds lime, three pounds copper, 50 gallons 
water. Four pounds lime, four pounds cop¬ 
per, same quantity water; check. Further 
combinations called for lime and copper in 
proportions of 1-2, 2-4, 3-0 and 4-8 to 50 
gallons water. The trees were sprayed just 
before or during a rain in order to test the 
theory that damp weather increases the in¬ 
jury. The frees were sprayed twice, first: 
immediately after blooming, and from 10 
days to two weeks* later. The weather was 
not what could be called good scab weather. 
After careful observation and reports from 
growers it. is concluded that spray Injury will 
be noticed from any strength of Bordeaux, 
from one pound of copper to 50 gallons of 
water up, the more copper the more Injury. 
Without question the Injury is more severe 
in wet and rainy weather, because the mois¬ 
ture separates the copper and the lime. An 
excess of lime over copper will lessen the 
injury, but it will not prevent It. We should 
not use more than twice as much lime as 
copper. It is also true that too much of a 
weak Bordeaux Mixture is ns bad as a 
stronger one put on less frequently. The 
Geneva Station cannot, from Its present 
work, attempt to state just what strength of 
copper is best, but it expects to use next 
year three pounds of copper with an excess 
of lime to 50 gallons of water, spraying 
when dry, if possible. Next year’s work will 
be to try to find the least strength of cop¬ 
per that will control the scab, and what ex¬ 
cess of lime is actually needed. It is settled 
that Bordeaux Mixture is about our best 
fungicide, and thats the scab injury is very 
much worse than the injury from spraying. 
It would be a serious mistake to stop spray¬ 
ing. because there was hut little seal) this 
past season, and we are sure to have more 
in years to follow. While Bordeaux Mix¬ 
ture may not be a perfect fungicide, it is the 
best one we have, and it appears from these 
experiments that some varieties of apples are 
injured more than others. They may be 
roughly classified as follows: Not hurt: 
Alexander, Spitzenburg, Fall Pippin, Golden 
Russet, Northern Spy, Roxbury, Red Canada, 
Rome. Swaar, Sutton, Tompkins King and 
Washington Strawberry. Slightly hurt: Fa- 
meuse, Holland Winter, McIntosh, Munson’s 
Sweet, Stark, Oldenburg and Hubbardston. 
Badly hurt: Ben Davis, Northwestern Green¬ 
ing and Wagener. Very badly hurt: Bald¬ 
win, Twenty Ounce, Jonathan, Mann, Rhode 
Island Greening and Winter Banana. 
Fruit Growing in Ontario. 
Linus Woolverton. Grimsby, Ontario, spoke 
on “Commercial Fruit Growing in the Prov¬ 
ince of Ontario.” He said: “Commercial 
fruit growing in Canada has grown up within 
the last 40 years. It was on my father’s 
farm, which I now occupy, and about the 
year 18(50, that the first large peach orchard 
was planted in the Niagara district. It was 
aliout four acres In extent, and consisted of 
several old varieties, many of which have 
long ceased to exist. All varieties paid well. 
'Phe first Hale’s Early which my father grew 
for market sold for $3 a bushel, and Craw¬ 
fords even higher. Among the problems which 
confront the Ontario fruit grower is that of 
labor. Laborers leave to go to the wheat 
harvests of the West, where extravagant 
prices are paid. Through excursions from 
Liverpool are as cheap to Winnipeg as to 
Ontario, and the laborers do not stop off at 
Ontario. Orchardlsts of Ontario made the 
mistake of planting too many varieties. In 
setting commercial orchards, each variety 
should be planted in such quantity that the 
owner can make up car lots of that variety, 
either by himself or in combination with 
his neighbor. The question of varieties of 
the various fruits adapted to the various 
sections of our province led to the estab 
lishment of about a dozen fruit listing sta¬ 
tions* so situated as to represent, fairly well 
the different conditions, and enable us to de¬ 
cide upon the variety most desirable in each. 
The Department of Agriculture has made a 
grant of between $3,000 to. $4,000 for this 
purpose. In this way, during the pas*t 10 
years, they have boeu able to make out fair¬ 
ly reliable lists of the various fruits, large 
and small, adapted to the various districts. 
Among the later lessons is the importance of 
proper grading and packing our fruit. Grow¬ 
ers became convinced that to facilitate the 
apple trade, and indeed the pear and peach 
as well, they must have standard grades es¬ 
tablished by law, and thpt they must select 
and grade their fruit accordingly. To this 
end the Fruit Marks Act: has been passed, 
defining three grades of apples as follows: 
(a) Fancy, consisting of well-grown speci¬ 
mens of one variety, sound, of uniform and 
at least normal sizes, and of good color for 
the variety, of normal shape, free from 
wormholes, bruises, scab and other defects, 
and properly packed (b) No. 1, consisting 
of well-grown specimens of one variety, 
sound, of not. less than medium size and of 
good color for the variety, of normal shape, 
and not less than 00 per cent free from 
scab, wormholes, bruises and other defects, 
and properly packed. (c) No. 2, consisting 
of specimens of not less than nearly medium 
size for the variety, and not less than 80 
per cent free from wormholes and such other 
defects as cause material waste, and prop 
erl.v packed. These grades apply to closed 
packages, and no such package is allowed to 
be placed on sale without a grade mark. All 
packages are subject to government inspec¬ 
tion, and persons guilty of fraud in packing 
are subject to tine. The act is being rigidly 
enforced, and meets with universal ap¬ 
proval." Lastly, Mr. Woolverton urged co¬ 
operation. 
Dominion growers have formed a company 
of which Mr. Woolverton is a member. It 
is known as the Grimsby Co-operative Fruit 
Growers. There are six growers, represent¬ 
ing 400 acres of fruit, large and small. They 
have a central packing house to which all 
fruit is drawn as fast as harvested, and 
packed to certain grades. This system is 
most satisfactory to all concerned. Foreign 
as well as home buyers are eager to deal 
with them. _ 
Rose Beetle on Grapes. 
The vineyards In this part of Michigan are 
greatly affected with the ravages of the 
Rose beetle. They come in Just about the 
blossoming period and a little thereafter in 
large numbers, destroying the blossom. We 
have not yet found any successful remedy or 
insecticide. Is there any known method of 
exterminating them and saving the grape, 
crop? J. H. H. 
Berrien Springs, Mich. 
We are much troubled with the Rose beetle 
Ort grapes and other late blooming fruits in 
this vicinity. The It. N.-Y. has devoted 
much time to experiments for the last 20 
years, and come to the conclusion that there 
is no effectual remedy, except to shake off 
the beetles in the early morning in netting, 
and kill them by applications of oil or boiling 
water. A free use. of Bordeaux Mixture is 
said to discourage attacks of the beetle, but 
"*e doubt its efficiency. 
Columbian Rasubehuv. —We grow the 
Columbian raspberry for home use. and 
prefer them to red or blacks. There are very 
few grown for Toledo market; some few 
growers peddle them out to private families, 
and claim the people like them very much, 
t do not think they can compare with red 
or blacks for profit. The canes seem to 
winterkill quite badly, yet they are gaining 
in favor to some extent. c. h. kkukger. 
Ohio. 
Warrl Rlarlrhorrioc an<1 Blackberry Plants 
VTdrU Dldbltuemes and Dewberry Plants for 
sale: send for price. Michael N. Borgo, Vineland, N.J. 
FERTILIZER LIME 
etc., address 
WALTON QUARRIES, Harrisburg, l'a. 
APPLE BARRELS to,000 per day. Lo 
prompt shipment. R. GILLlES, Medina. N. Y. 
Three 
10,000 
factories. Capacity 
day. Low price, 
GATHER VEGETABLES 
In our VENTILATED DUSIIEL ORATES. 
They nave one-third time. Strong, durable* 
cheap. 9c and llcoach, discount* ouquantltlow© 
Writ© today for FRKK illustrated booklet* 
Genera Coopirage Co.,Boi 20, Cenena.O. 
NINETY MILLION 
BUSHELS! 
—That’s the 
WHEAT 
CROP 
in Western Canada 
this Year. 
This, with nearly 
80,000,000 bushels of 
oata and 17,000.000 
bushels of barley, means a continuation of 
Good Times for the Farmers of 
Western Canada. 
Free Farms, Big Crop*, Low Taxes, Healthy 
Climate, Good Churches and Schools, Splendid 
Railway Service. 
The Canadian Government offers 160 acres of 
land free to every settler willing and able to com¬ 
ply with the Homestead Regulations. 
Advice and information may be obtained froo from 
W, 0. SCOTT,Sup’t of Immigration,Ottawa, Can., 
Or from 
TH0S. DUNCAN, Canadian Government Agent, 
Syracuse Bank Building, SYRACUSE, N. Y. 
Mention this paper. 
GAIN ACRES 
byclcarinpthat stumpypieCd 
of land. The llcrr.ulf’R.ituOip 
Puller pul Is any stump. Savc£ 
“ -'time, labor and money. 
Catalog FREE. Herculu Mfg. Co., Dept. BS Cenlerilllo, la, 
Dr. Holland's Medi¬ 
cated Stock Salt 
ha* no rival ni a Conditioner nnd 
Worm Duntroycr. A true remedy 
for tho ilia of stock. Health,'Thrift 
and Rapid Growth are the result* 
of its use. Guaranteed to accom 
plish what ia claimed for it. Ten 
(10) feed* for a cent. 
T1IR HOLLAND STOCK RlUIKDI 
COHPANY, WELLINGTON,OHIO. 
ITrlta for Booklet. Amenta Wanted 
FLIES! FLIES! FLIES! 
Why allow your Horses and Oattlo to be tortured any 
longer by flios, when you can relieve them by using the 
RUSS FLY CHASER. 
Your horses will work better and cows will almost 
double quantity of milk. 
One-half gal. 50 cents; 1 gal. 75 cents; 5 gals. S3.50; 10 gals. SB. 
F.XCF.LSIOR WIRR & POULTRY SUPPLY CO., 
Department HQ, 26 and 28 Vesey St., New York City. 
DOG POWERS 
HARDER MEG. CO. 
Box II, Cobleskill, N. 
Y. 
will run hnml cream, 
separators, churns, 
fan mills, washiujr 
machines, etc. 
Best. Cheapest 
STEEL STANCHIONS 
Write for new circular and prices. 
F. R. & H. J. WELCHER, 
BUTLHU ST., NEWARK, N. Y. 
mid CnAIN-lIANGING 
IE CATTLE STANCHION 
The Most Practical 
CATTLE FASTENER 
ever invented. 
Manufactured and for 
sale by 
O. H. ROBERTSON, 
Forestvllle, Conn. 
CYCLONE ENSILAGE CUTTERS 
AND 
FOOS GASOLINE ENGINES 
Make an IDEAL outfit. Put in on trial and 
Warranted to Give Satisfaction or No Sale 
TV rite now for 
Catalogues. 
H. H. LOVEJOY &. SON 
Manufacturers of the Famous 
Cambridge Steel Plows 
CAMBRIDGE, NEW YORK. 
GOLD COIN SEED WHEAT 
$1.10 per bushel: bags extra, stiff straw, hardy, 
yield this year 40 bushels. Also O. I. C. Pigs. 
.T. D, DATES, Ludlowville, N. Y. 
—GRAPEVINES 
KKlVarletle*. Also Small Fruit*, Tree*, A-e. Be*t root¬ 
ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c. 
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FREDONIA,N.Y. 
SPECIAL LOW PRICES 
FOR FALL PLANTING. 
We are offering this fall for the first time 
Jacob Moore’s NEW DIPLOMA CURRANT, 
largest and most productive of all red currants. 
We offer APPLE, PLUM and CHERRY trees 
at special low prices if ordered between now and 
October 15th. We have a surplus of large size 
SUGAR and SILVER MAPLES, AMERICAN 
WEEPING ELM, also CAROLINA POPLAR and 
LOMBARDY POPLARS In all sizes. 
Catalogue am! Fruit. Magazine mailed free on application. 
GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y. 
O UR BULB CATALOGUE, 
beautifully illustrated with 
full and reliable cultural directions, 
and containing, as formerly, the 
largest and most varied assortment 
of high class Bulbs in America, 
is now ready and will be mailed 
free to all who send for it. A 
postal is sufficient. 
.1. M. TH0RBURN & COMPANY 
33 BARCLAY STREET, 
THROUGH TO 
38 PARK PEACE, 
NEW YORK. 
Koinul> it In 1 SOS. 
ONKQUART 
or STRAWBERRIES ™ OM 
plant guaranteed or money returned. Send for 
mid-summer catalog. T C. KEVITT, Atlienia, N 
EACH 
my 
J. 
. TREES ARE FAMOUS 
’wherever planted; are planted 
,. 'everywhere trees are grown. Free 
_ Catalog of superb fruits—Black Ben, 
King David, Delicious, etc.-StarkBro’s,Louisiana, Mo. 
NURSERY STOCK. 
A FULL LINK OF 
FRUIT TREES, BERRY PLANTS, 
and General Nursery Stock. Catalogue Free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
Fftn Q II |J—Crimson Clover Seed, $4.50 perbu. 
rUn OHLC Five-eighths Peach Baskets,(35 per 
1000. JOSKI’H K. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
APPLE TREES, 
Nothing But Apple Trees. 
The Safest and BEST Apple 
Trees in the World. 
We offer nearly 100,000 thrifty one and 
two year old apple trees, all bred from 
delected bearing parents. Every tree 
our own growing. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, 
Apple Breeders, Dansville, N. Y. 
60 Bus. Winter Wheat Per Acre 
That’s the yield of Snlzur’s lied Cross Hybrid Winter 
Wheat. Send 2c. in stamps for fred sample of same, 
as also catalogue of Winter Wheats, Kye, Barley, 
Clovers, Timothy, Grasses, Bulbs, Trees, etc., for fall 
planting. John A. Sai.zkk Seko Co., LaCrosse, Wis. 
Mammoth White Winter Rye. 
The finest Kye ever offered for FALL PLANT¬ 
ING. Write at once for sample and price. Also 
|lf||p NT-Longberry, Rudy, Fult/.o- 
OCCU VVnCA I Mediterranean. 
HOLMES SEED CO., HARRISBURG, PA. 
ALFALFA SEED FROM UTAH. 
It is Dry Land and is free from all obnoxious wood 
seeds. Shall wo send you sample and price of our 
Blackman & Griffin Co., Ogden, Utah. 
now 
crop? 
tureforthe lawn and 
pleasure ground. 
FOR FALL 
PLANTING 
HENRY 
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus. Narcissus, Lilies, &i*. 
Our New Bulb Catalogue is sent free. If tells 
all about the best bulbs, also seasonable seeds and 
plants, including our celebrated grass rnix- 
A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Apple, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina 
_ 7 ---- Poplars, healthy, true to name and fumigated. 
All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. Remember we beat all other reliable 
Nurseries in quality and price. Catalogue free, Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N.Y. 
$5 PER 100, FREIGHT PAID 
Dwyer’s Pot Grown Strawberry Plants 
Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties sure to give 
satisfaction and PRODUCE A FULL CROP IN 1907. 
We also have a full line of Fruits and Ornamental Tr :es, Plants, Vines, etc., for 
Fall Planting. We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Catalogue Free. 
T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box I, Cornwall, New York, 
